Contaminant profiles of two species of shorebirds foraging together at two neighboring sites in south San Francisco Bay, California
Clifford A. Hui, John Y. Takekawa, Sarah E. Warnock
2001, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (71) 107-121
The San Francisco Bay estuary isused by over one million shorebirds during springmigration and is home to several hundred thousandduring the winter. Most shorebird use occurs in thesouthern reach of the estuary (South Bay). Thereduced water circulation and discharge fromindustrial sources in the South Bay are responsiblefor the highest levels...
Sex differences in territorial behavior exhibited by the spotted hyena (Hyaenidae, Crocuta crocuta)
Erin E. Boydston, Toni Lyn Morelli, Kay E. Holekamp
2001, Ethology (107) 369-385
Spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) are gregarious carnivores that defend group territories against encroachment by neighboring conspecifics. Here we monitored the behavior of members of one clan of free-ranging spotted hyenas during border patrols, ‘wars’ with neighboring clans, and other interactions with alien intruders, to document differences between the sexes in...
The Foraging Ecology of Royal and Sandwich Terns in North Carolina, USA
T.W. McGinnis, S.D. Emslie
2001, Waterbirds (24) 361-370
Population sizes of territorial male red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) were determined with counts of territorial males (area count) and a Petersen-Lincoln Index method for roadsides (roadside estimate). Weather conditions and time of day did not influence either method. Combined roadside estimates had smaller error bounds than the individual...
Population structure of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): A range-wide perspective from microsatellite DNA variation
T.L. King, S.T. Kalinowski, W. B. Schill, A.P. Spidle, B.A. Lubinski
2001, Molecular Ecology (10) 807-821
Atlantic salmon (n = 1682) from 27 anadromous river populations and two nonanadromous strains ranging from south-central Maine, USA to northern Spain were genotyped at 12 microsatellite DNA loci. This suite of moderate to highly polymorphic loci revealed 266 alleles (5–37/locus) range-wide. Statistically significant allelic and genotypic heterogeneity was observed across loci...
Detection of Perkinsus marinus extracellular proteins tissues of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica: Potential use diagnostic assays
C. A. Ottinger, T.D. Lewis, D.A. Shapiro, M. Faisal, S.L. Kaattari
2001, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (13) 133-141
Perkinsus marinus, the cause of serious losses of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica, secretes extracellular proteins (ECP) in culture (in vitro) including serine proteases. The production of similar ECP in the eastern oyster (in vivo) and their role in pathogenicity, however, remain to be elucidated. The induction and dissemination of these...
Guidance of yearling shortnose and pallid sturgeon using vertical bar rack and louver arrays
B. Kynard, Martin Horgan
2001, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (21) 561-570
Some populations of shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum and pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus have been divided by hydroelectric dams, and migration downstream past the dams likely continues. No protection for downstream migrants is presently available, and the behavior of sturgeon to guidance structures has not been studied. We conducted experiments in a 5.4-m-long × 1.5-m-wide...
Utility of splenic macrophage aggregates as an indicator of fish exposure to degraded environments
J.W. Fournie, J.K. Summers, L.A. Courtney, V.D. Engle, V. S. Blazer
2001, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (13) 105-116
The utility of splenic macrophage aggregates (MAs) as an indicator of fish exposure to degraded environments was evaluated in several species of estuarine fishes as part of the Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program–Estuaries (EMAP-E). Using image analysis, we measured the number and mean size of MAs per...
Aspen persistence near the National Elk Refuge and Gros Ventre Valley elk feedgrounds of Wyoming, USA
David T. Barnett, Thomas J. Stohlgren
2001, Landscape Ecology (16) 569-580
We investigated aspen (Populus tremuloides)regeneration in the Gros Ventre River Valley, the National Elk Refuge and a small part of Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, USA to see if elk (Cervus elaphus) browsing was as damaging as previously thought. We conducted a landscape-scale survey to assess...
Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition induces rapid ecological changes in alpine lakes of Colorado Front Range (USA)
A.P. Wolfe, Jill Baron, R.J. Cornett
2001, Journal of Paleolimnology (25) 1-7
Recent sediments from two alpine lakes (> 3300 m asl) in the Colorado Front Range (USA) register marked and near-synchronous changes that are believed to represent ecological responses to enhanced atmospheric deposition of fixed nitrogen from anthropogenic sources. Directional shifts in sediment proxies include greater representations of mesotrophic diatoms and...
Experimental infection of nontarget species of rodents and birds with Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine
M.C. Januszewski, S.C. Olsen, R. G. McLean, L. Clark, Jack C. Rhyan
2001, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (37) 532-537
The Brucella abortus vaccine strain RB51 (SRB51) is being considered for use in the management of brucellosis in wild bison (Bison bison) and elk (Cervus elaphus) populations in the Greater Yellowstone Area (USA). Evaluation of the vaccine's safety in non-target species was considered necessary prior to field use. Between June 1998 and...
Pleurochrysis pseudoroscoffensis (Prymnesiophyceae) blooms on the surface of the Salton Sea, California
Kristen M. Reifel, M. P. McCoy, M. A. Tiffany, Tonie E. Rocke, Charles Trees, S. B. Barlow, D. J. Faulkner, S. H. Hurlbert
2001, Hydrobiologia (466) 177-185
Dense populations of the coccolithophore Pleurochrysis pseudoroscoffensis were found in surface films at several locations around the Salton Sea in February–August, 1999. An unidentified coccolithophorid was also found in low densities in earlier studies of the lake (1955–1956). To our knowledge, this is the first record of this widespread marine species in...
Leaping lopsided: a review of the current hypotheses regarding etiologies of limb malformations in frogs
I.K. Loeffler, D.L. Stocum, J.F. Fallon, C.U. Meteyer
2001, The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist (265) 228-245
Recent progress in the investigation of limb malformations in free-living frogs has underlined the wide range in the types of limb malformations and the apparent spatiotemporal clustering of their occurrence. Here, we review the current understanding of normal and abnormal vertebrate limb development and regeneration and discuss some of the...
Space-time modelling of lightning-caused ignitions in the Blue Mountains, Oregon
Carlos Diaz-Avalos, D. L. Peterson, Ernesto Alvarado, Sue A. Ferguson, Julian E. Besag
2001, Canadian Journal of Forest Research (31) 1579-1593
Generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) were used to study the effect of vegetation cover, elevation, slope, and precipitation on the probability of ignition in the Blue Mountains, Oregon, and to estimate the probability of ignition occurrence at different locations in space and in time. Data on starting location of lightning-caused...
Raptor electrocution on power lines: Current issues and outlook
Robert N. Lehman
2001, Wildlife Society Bulletin (29) 804-813
Electrocution on power lines is one of many human-caused mortality factors that affect raptors. Cost-effective and relatively simple raptor-safe standards for power line modification and construction have been available for over 25 years. During the 1970s and early 1980s, electric industry efforts to reduce raptor electrocutions were very coordinated and...
Impact of competitor species composition on predicting diameter growth and survival rates of Douglas-fir trees in southwestern Oregon
Felipe Bravo, D.W. Hann, Douglas A. Maguire
2001, Canadian Journal of Forest Research (31) 2237-2247
Mixed conifer and hardwood stands in southwestern Oregon were studied to explore the hypothesis that competition effects on individual-tree growth and survival will differ according to the species comprising the competition measure. Likewise, it was hypothesized that competition measures should extrapolate best if crown-based surrogates are given preference over diameter-based...
Genetic and morphologic variation in Phyllodoce empetriformis and Phyllodoce glanduliflora (Ericaceae) in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington
Regina M. Rochefort, D. L. Peterson
2001, Canadian Journal of Botany (79) 179-191
Genetic and morphological diversity of Phyllodoce empetriformis (Sw.) D. Don and Phyllodoce glanduliflora (hook.) Cov. were surveyed in Mount Rainier National Park in the Cascade Mountains of Washington State. Paired populations at high and low elevations were sampled at three study areas between 1720- and 2451-m elevation. Allozyme analysis of four polymorphic loci indicates high...
Field soil aggregate stability kit for soil quality and rangeland health evaluations
J. E. Herrick, W. G. Whitford, A. G. de Soyza, J. W. Van Zee, K. M. Havstad, C. A. Seybold, M. Walton
2001, Catena (44) 27-35
Soil aggregate stability is widely recognized as a key indicator of soil quality and rangeland health. However, few standard methods exist for quantifying soil stability in the field. A stability kit is described which can be inexpensively and easily assembled with minimal tools. It permits up to 18 samples to...
Burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia) as indicators of ecosystem health
Thomas A. Edsall
2001, Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management (4) 283-292
Three State of the Lakes Ecosystem Conferences have been held since 1996 to encourage the development of Great Lakes indicators of ecosystem health for use in reporting on progress in restoring and maintaining the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the Great Lakes ecosystem. Here we report on the development...
Short-duration electrical immobilization of lake trout
Mark P. Gaikowski, William H. Gingerich, Steve Gutreuter
2001, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (21) 381-392
Chemical anesthetics induce stress responses, and most leave residues in fish tissues that require a certain withdrawal time before the animal can be released into the environment. Therefore, alternatives are needed in cases when fish must be released immediately, for example, during egg-collecting operations or after implanting elastomer tags. To...
Physiological variation among native and exotic winter annuals associated with microphytic soil crusts in the Mojave Desert
Lesley DeFalco, James K. Detling, C. Richard Tracy, Steven D. Warren
2001, Plant and Soil (234) 1-14
Microbiotic crusts are important components of many aridland soils. Research on crusts typically focuses on the increase in soil fertility due to N-fixing micro-organisms, the stabilization of soils against water and wind erosion and the impact of disturbance on N-cycling. The effect of microbiotic crusts on the associated plant community...
Map Separates
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
2001, Fact Sheet 042-01
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) topographic maps are printed using up to six colors (black, blue, green, red, brown, and purple). To prepare your own maps or artwork based on maps, you can order separate black-and-white film positives or negatives for any color printed on a USGS topographic map, or for...
User's Guide for Mixed-Size Sediment Transport Model for Networks of One-Dimensional Open Channels
James P. Bennett
2001, Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4054
This user's guide describes a mathematical model for predicting the transport of mixed sizes of sediment by flow in networks of one-dimensional open channels. The simulation package is useful for general sediment routing problems, prediction of erosion and deposition following dam removal, and scour in channels at road embankment crossings...
Elk, beaver, and the persistence of willows in national parks: comment on Singer et al. (1998).
R.B. Keigley
2000, Wildlife Society Bulletin (28) 448-450
Singer et al. (1998) propose that the decline in populations of beaver (Castor canadensis) in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) has caused willow to be more vulnerable to browsing by clk (Alces alces). I do not believe that their scenario correctly characterizes the relationship between elk and willow in YNP The authors...
Industrial garnet
D.W. Olson
2000, Mining Engineering (52) 46-46
The state of the global industrial garnet industry in 1999 is discussed. Industrial garnet mined in the U.S., which accounts for approximately one-third of the world's total, is usually a solid-solution of almandine and pyrope. The U.S. is the largest consumer of industrial garnet, using an estimated 47,800 st in...
Industrial diamond
D.W. Olson
2000, Mining Engineering (52) 44-46
Part of the 1999 Industrial Minerals Review. A review of the state of the global industrial diamond industry in 1999 is presented. World consumption of industrial diamond has increased annually in recent years, with an estimated 500 million carats valued between $650 million and $800 million consumed in 1999. In...
