Interoperability and information discovery
E. Christian
2001, New Review of Information Networking (7) 5-26
In the context of information systems, there is interoperability when the distinctions between separate information systems are not a barrier to accomplishing a task that spans those systems. Interoperability so defined implies that there are commonalities among the systems involved and that one can exploit such commonalities to achieve interoperability....
Taphonomy of silicified filamentous microbes in modern geothermal sinters-Implications for identification
Brian Jones, Robin W. Renaut, Michael R. Rosen
2001, Palaios (16) 580-592
Silicified microbes found on the discharge aprons around modern geysers and hot springs commonly appear to be preserved superbly. This can be attributed to their rapid silicification, which often begins while they are alive. In geological terms, therefore, they are silicified instantaneously. Thus, it might be expected that these microbes...
Temporal patterns of fish recruitment on a fringing coral reef in Virgin Islands National Park, St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands
J. Miller, J. Beets, C. Rogers
2001, Conference Paper, Bulletin of Marine Science
[No abstract available]...
On-line sulfur isotope analysis of organic material by direct combustion: Preliminary results and potential applications
C.L. Kester, R. O. Rye, C. A. Johnson, C.H. Schwartz, C.H. Holmes
2001, Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies (37) 53-65
Sulfur isotopes have received little attention in ecology studies because plant and animal materials typically have low sulfur concentrations (< 1 wt.%) necessitating labor-intensive chemical extraction prior to analysis. To address the potential of direct combustion of organic material in an elemental analyzer coupled with a mass spectrometer, we compared...
Modern sedimentation on the shoreface and inner continental shelf at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, U.S.A
R.E. Thieler, O.H. Pilkey Jr., W.J. Cleary, W. C. Schwab
2001, Journal of Sedimentary Research (71) 958-970
The geologic framework and surficial morphology of the shoreface and inner continental shelf off the Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, barrier island were mapped using high-resolution sidescan-sonar, bathymetric, and seismic-reflection surveying techniques, a suite of over 200 diver vibracores, and extensive seafloor observations by divers. The inner shelf is a sediment-starved,...
Patterns of mammalian species richness and habitat associations in Pennsylvania
Kyle Joly, W.L. Myers
2001, Biological Conservation (99) 253-260
Landscape variables were employed as indices of habitat heterogeneity, fragmentation, and human influence on the environment to characterize constituent units of a 635 km2 grid covering the state of Pennsylvania. Species richness was determined by overlaying the distributions of all 60 terrestrial mammalian species found within the state. All landscape...
Deposition of sedimentary organic matter in black shale facies indicated by the geochemistry and petrography of high-resolution samples, blake nose, western North Atlantic
C.E. Barker, M. Pawlewicz, E.A. Cobabe
2001, Book chapter, Western North Atlantic Palaeogene and Cretaceous palaeoceanography
A transect of three holes drilled across the Blake Nose, western North Atlantic Ocean, retrieved cores of black shale facies related to the Albian Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAE) lb and ld. Sedimentary organic matter (SOM) recovered from Ocean Drilling Program Hole 1049A from the eastern end of the transect showed...
Impact of climate and parent material on chemical weathering in Loess-derived soils of the Mississippi River valley
D.R. Muhs, E. Arthur Bettis III, J. Been, J. P. McGeehin
2001, Soil Science Society of America Journal (65) 1761-1777
Peoria Loess-derived soils on uplands east of the Mississippi River valley were studied from Louisiana to Iowa, along a south-to-north gradient of decreasing precipitation and temperature. Major element analyses of deep loess in Mississippi and Illinois show that the composition of the parent material is similar in the northern and...
Comments on "Failures in detecting volcanic ash from a satellite-based technique"
F. Prata, G. Bluth, B. Rose, D. Schneider, A. Tupper
2001, Remote Sensing of Environment (78) 341-346
The recent paper by Simpson et al. [Remote Sens. Environ. 72 (2000) 191.] on failures to detect volcanic ash using the 'reverse' absorption technique provides a timely reminder of the danger that volcanic ash presents to aviation and the urgent need for some form of effective remote detection. The paper...
Online bibliographic sources in hydrology
Emily C. Wild, W. Michael Havener
2001, Science and Technology Libraries (21) 63-86
Traditional commercial bibliographic databases and indexes provide some access to hydrology materials produced by the government; however, these sources do not provide comprehensive coverage of relevant hydrologic publications. This paper discusses bibliographic information available from the federal government and state geological surveys, water resources agencies, and depositories. In addition to...
Rheology of ice I at low stress and elevated confining pressure
W.B. Durham, L.A. Stern, S. H. Kirby
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (106) 11031-11042
Triaxial compression testing of pure, polycrystalline water ice I at conditions relevant to planetary interiors and near-surface environments (differential stresses 0.45 to 10 MPa, temperatures 200 to 250 K, confining pressure 50 MPa) reveals that a complex variety of rheologies and grain structures may exist for ice and that rheology...
Confidence intervals for expected moments algorithm flood quantile estimates
Timothy A. Cohn, William L. Lane, Jery R. Stedinger
2001, Water Resources Research (37) 1695-1706
Historical and paleoflood information can substantially improve flood frequency estimates if appropriate statistical procedures are properly applied. However, the Federal guidelines for flood frequency analysis, set forth in Bulletin 17B, rely on an inefficient “weighting” procedure that fails to take advantage of historical and paleoflood information. This has led researchers...
Potential artifacts in interpretation of differential breakthrough of colloids and dissolved tracers in the context of transport in a zero-valent iron permeable reactive barrier
P. Zhang, W.P. Johnson, M.J. Piana, C. C. Fuller, D. L. Naftz
2001, Ground Water (39) 831-840
Many published studies have used visual comparison of the timing of peak breakthrough of colloids versus conservative dissolved tracers (hereafter referred to as dissolved tracers or tracers) in subsurface media to determine whether they are advected differently, and to elucidate the mechanisms of differential advection. This purely visual approach of...
A simple algorithm for sequentially incorporating gravity observations in seismic traveltime tomography
T. Parsons, R.J. Blakely, T.M. Brocher
2001, International Geology Review (43) 1073-1086
The geologic structure of the Earth's upper crust can be revealed by modeling variation in seismic arrival times and in potential field measurements. We demonstrate a simple method for sequentially satisfying seismic traveltime and observed gravity residuals in an iterative 3-D inversion. The algorithm is portable to any seismic analysis...
Uncertainty in coal property valuation in West Virginia: A case study
M.E. Hohn, R.R. McDowell
2001, Mathematical Geology (33) 191-216
Interpolated grids of coal bed thickness are being considered for use in a proposed method for taxation of coal in the state of West Virginia (United States). To assess the origin and magnitude of possible inaccuracies in calculated coal tonnage, we used conditional simulation to generate equiprobable realizations of net...
Strong motion instrumentation of an RC building structure
H.-J. Li, M. Çelebi
2001, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration (21) 35-39
The strong-motion instrumentation scheme of a reinforced concrete building observed by California Strong-Motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP) is introduced in this paper. The instrumented building is also described and the recorded responses during 1994 Northridge earthquake are provided....
Effect of depth-dependent shear modulus on tsunami generation along subduction zones
E.L. Geist, S.L. Bilek
2001, Geophysical Research Letters (28) 1315-1318
Estimates of the initial size of tsunamis generated by subduction zone earthquakes are significantly affected by the choice of shear modulus at shallow depths. Analysis of over 360 circum-Pacific subduction zone earthquakes indicates that for a given seismic moment, source duration increases significantly with decreasing depth (Bilek and Lay, 1998;...
Contribution of base flow to nonpoint source pollution loads in an agricultural watershed
K. E. Schilling, C.F. Wolter
2001, Ground Water (39) 49-58
Nonpoint source pollution of surface water from overland flow, drainage tiles, and ground water discharge is a major cause of water quality impairment in Iowa. Nonpoint source pollution from base flow ground water was estimated in the Walnut Creek watershed by measuring chemical loads of atrazine, nitrate, chloride, and sulfate...
Anomalous preservation of pure methane hydrate at 1 atm
L.A. Stern, S. Circone, S. H. Kirby, W.B. Durham
2001, Journal of Physical Chemistry B (105) 1756-1762
Direct measurement of decomposition rates of pure, polycrystalline methane hydrate reveals a thermal regime where methane hydrate metastably `preserves' in bulk by as much as 75 K above its nominal equilibrium temperature (193 K at 1 atm). Rapid release of the sample pore pressure at isothermal conditions between 242 and...
The use of outdoor freshwater pond microcosms. III. Responses of phytoplankton and periphyton to pyridaben
R. M. Ross, W. F. Krise, Lori A. Redell, R. M. Bennett
2001, Environmental Toxicology (16) 96-103
An outdoor freshwater microcosm study was conducted in which pyridaben, an insecticide-miticide, was directly applied to water to determine its biological effects on phytoplankton and periphyton. Twenty-four microcosms (24 m3 each) were monitored for 11 months, then four treatments of pyridaben were applied two times at three concentrations (0.34, 34.0...
Genetic variation in insecticide tolerance in a population of southern leopard frogs (Rana sphenocephala): Implications for amphibian conservation
C.M. Bridges, R. D. Semlitsch
2001, Copeia (1) 7-13
Currently, conservation efforts are devoted to determining the extent and the causes of the decline of many amphibian species worldwide. Human impacts frequently degrade amphibian habitat and have been implicated in many declines. Because genetic variance is critical in determining the persistence of a species in a changing environment, we...
MAUP: Modifiable Areal Unit Problem in raster GIS datasets. Raster pixels as modifiable areas
Usery E. Lyn
2001, GIM International (15) 43-45
The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) is a well-studied aspect of geographic phenomena. It is usually associated with socio-economic data collected by census enumeration units. This problem also applies directly to geographic data in raster formats, including both GIS categorical data layers and remotely sensed images. The author briefly provides...
Subglacial sediments: A regional geological template for iceflow in West Antarctica
M. Studinger, R.E. Bell, D. D. Blankenship, C. A. Finn, R.A. Arko, D. L. Morse, I. Joughin
2001, Geophysical Research Letters (28) 3493-3496
We use aerogeophysical data to estimate the distribution of marine subglacial sediments and fault-bounded sedimentary basins beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). We find that significant ice flow occurs exclusively in regions covered by subglacial sediments. The onsets and lateral margins of ice streams coincide with the limit of...
A method for mapping apparent stress and energy radiation applied to the 1994 Northridge earthquake fault zone-revisited
Art McGarr, Joe B. Fletcher
2001, Geophysical Research Letters (28) 3529-3532
McGarr and Fletcher (2000) introduced a technique for estimating apparent stress and seismic energy radiation associated with small patches of a larger fault plane and then applied this method to the slip model of the Northridge earthquake (Wald et al., 1996). These results must be revised because we did not...
The Ordovician Sebree Trough: An oceanic passage to the Midcontinent United States
Dennis R. Kolata, W.D. Huff, Stig M. Bergstrom
2001, Geological Society of America Bulletin (113) 1067-1078
The Sebree Trough is a relatively narrow, shale-filled sedimentary feature extending for several hundred kilometers across the Middle and Late Ordovician carbonate platform of the Midcontinent United States. The dark graptolitic shales within the trough stand in contrast to the coeval bryozoan-brachiopod-echinoderm– rich limestones on the flanking platforms. We infer...
