Predictions of sediment toxicity using consensus-based freshwater sediment quality guidelines
C.G. Ingersoll, D.D. MacDonald, N. Wang, J.L. Crane, L.J. Field, P.S. Haverland, N.E. Kemble, R.A. Lindskoog, C. Severn, D.E. Smorong
2001, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (41) 8-21
The objectives of this study were to compare approaches for evaluating the combined effects of chemical mixtures on the toxicity in field-collected sediments and to evaluate the ability of consensus-based probable effect concentrations (PECs) to predict toxicity in a freshwater database on both a national and regional geographic basis. A...
Effect of natural gas exsolution on specific storage in a confined aquifer undergoing water level decline
R. M. Yager, J.C. Fountain
2001, Ground Water (39) 517-525
The specific storage of a porous medium, a function of the compressibility of the aquifer material and the fluid within it, is essentially constant under normal hydrologic conditions. Gases dissolved in ground water can increase the effective specific storage of a confined aquifer, however, during water level declines. This causes...
Production of stream habitat gradients by montane watersheds: Hypothesis tests based on spatially explicit path analyses
D.J. Isaak, W.A. Hubert
2001, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (58) 1089-1103
We studied how the features of mountain watersheds interact to cause gradients in three stream attributes: baseflow stream widths, total alkalinity, and stream slope. A priori hypotheses were developed before being tested in a series of path analyses using data from 90 stream reaches on 24 second- to fourth-order streams...
Backcountry water quality in Grand Teton National Park
N. Tippets, S. O'Ney, A.M. Farag
2001, Park Science (21) 25-27
Over the past several decades, visitor use of the backcountry areas of Grand Teton National Park (Wyoming) has dramatically increased. The water quality of clear, sparkling mountain streams and lakes is being impacted by concentrated recreational use where, because of the potential for future wilderness designation, no restroom facilities are...
Late Quaternary vegetation history of Rough Canyon, south-central New Mexico, USA
J.L. Betancourt, Kate Aasen Rylander, C. Penalba, J.L. McVickar
2001, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (165) 71-95
South-central New Mexico, USA, at the junction of the Rocky Mountains, High Plains and Chihuahuan Desert, is one of the better known regions in the late Quaternary of North America. Plant macrofossils and pollen from a packrat midden series in Rough Canyon, New Mexico allows refinement of plant distributions and...
Geoarchaeology at Gilman Falls: An Archaic Quarry and Manufacturing Site in Central Maine, U.S.A
D. Sanger, A.R. Kelley, H. N. Berry IV
2001, Geoarchaeology - An International Journal (16) 633-665
Interdisciplinary investigations at the Milford Reservoir, central Maine, resulted in excavation and analysis of a Middle Archaic quarry and manufacturing site at Gilman Falls, dated to between 7300 and 6300 yr B.P. Lithological analysis indicates that the majority of the artifacts came from very local outcrops, providing low-grade metamorphic rocks....
Three-parameter AVO crossplotting in anisotropic media
Chen Hao, J.P. Castagna, R.L. Brown, A.C.B. Ramos
2001, Geophysics (66) 1359-1363
Amplitude versus offset (AVO) interpretation can be facilitated by crossplotting AVO intercept (A), gradient (B), and curvature (C) terms. However, anisotropy, which exists in the real world, usually complicates AVO analysis. Recognizing anisotropic behavior on AVO crossplots can help avoid AVO interpretation errors.Using a modification to a three-term (A, B, and C)...
Stress drop with constant, scale independent seismic efficiency and overshoot
N.M. Beeler
2001, Geophysical Research Letters (28) 3353-3356
To model dissipated and radiated energy during earthquake stress drop, I calculate dynamic fault slip using a single degree of freedom spring-slider block and a laboratory-based static/kinetic fault strength relation with a dynamic stress drop proportional to effective normal stress. The model is scaled to earthquake size assuming a circular...
Seasonal and event-scale variations in solute chemistry for four Sierra Nevada catchments
J.M. Holloway, R.A. Dahlgren
2001, Journal of Hydrology (250) 106-121
Hydrobiogeochemical processes controlling stream water chemistry were examined in four small (<5 km2) catchments having contrasting bedrock lithologies in the western Sierra Nevada foothills of California. The Mediterranean climate with its cool/wet and hot/dry cycle produces strong seasonal patterns in hydrological, biological and geochemical processes. Stream water solutes fall into...
Petrographic and geochemical evidence for the formation of primary, bacterially induced lacustrine dolomite: La Roda 'white earth' (Pliocene, Central Spain)
Del Garcia, M.A. Cura, J. P. Calvo, S. Ordonez, B.F. Jones, J.C. Canaveras
2001, Sedimentology (48) 897-915
Upper Pliocene dolomites ('white earth') from La Roda, Spain, offer a good opportunity to evaluate the process of dolomite formation in lakes. The relatively young nature of the deposits could allow a link between dolomites precipitated in modern lake systems and those present in older lacustrine formations. The La Roda...
Proposed standard-weight (Ws) equation and length-categorization standards for brown trout (Salmo trutta) in lentic habitats
M.W. Hyatt, W.A. Hubert
2001, Journal of Freshwater Ecology (16) 53-56
We developed a standard-weight (Ws) equation for brown trout (Salmo trutta) in lentic habitats by applying the regression-line-percentile technique to samples from 49 populations in North America. The proposed Ws equation is log10 Ws = −5.422 + 3.194 log10 TL, when Ws is in grams and TL is total length in millimeters. The English-unit...
New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, January-March 2001
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
2001, Report
A list of USGS publications and articles by U.S. Geological Survey personnel in non-U.S. Geological Survey journals and books that were published in January to March of the year 2001....
Secretion of whey acidic protein and cystatin is down regulated at mid-lactation in the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus)
K.R. Nicholas, J.A. Fisher, E. Muths, J. Trott, P.A. Janssens, C. Reich, D.C. Shaw
2001, Conference Paper, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - A Molecular and Integrative Physiology
Milk collected from the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) between day 100 and 260 of lactation showed major changes in milk composition at around day 200 of lactation, the time at which the pouch young begins to temporarily exit the pouch and eat herbage. The carbohydrate content of milk declined abruptly...
Trace metal concentrations in shallow ground water
L.M. Zelewski, D. P. Krabbenhoft, D.E. Armstrong
2001, Ground Water (39) 485-491
Trace metal clean sampling and analysis techniques were used to examine the temporal patterns of Hg, Cu, and Zn concentrations in shallow ground water, and the relationships between metal concentrations in ground water and in a hydrologically connected river. Hg, Cu, and Zn concentrations in ground...
Automated ground-water monitoring with robowell-Case studies and potential applications
G.E. Granato, K.P. Smith
Jensen J LBurggraf L W, editor(s)
2001, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Robowell is an automated system and method for monitoring ground-water quality. Robowell meets accepted manual-sampling protocols without high labor and laboratory costs. Robowell periodically monitors and records water-quality properties and constituents in ground water by pumping a well or multilevel sampler until one or more purge criteria have been met....
Early post-fire succession in California chaparral: Changes in diversity, density, cover and biomass
Q. Guo
2001, Ecological Research (16) 471-485
For four consecutive years, following the fires in November 1993, temporal variations in species richness, cover and biomass of component plant groups in early post-fire chaparral succession were monitored on different aspects at the Stunt Ranch Santa Monica Mountains Reserve, southern California. Plant groups were categorized based on growth form,...
Use of deuterated water as a conservative artificial ground water tracer
M.W. Becker, T.B. Coplen
2001, Hydrogeology Journal (9) 512-516
Conservative tracers are necessary to obtain groundwater transport velocities at the field scale. Deuterated water is an effective tracer for this purpose due to its similarity to water, chemical stability, non-reactivity, ease of handling and sampling, relatively neutral buoyancy, and reasonable price. Reliable detection limits of 0.1 mg deuterium/L may...
Myrmecophagy by Yellowstone grizzly bears
David J. Mattson
2001, Canadian Journal of Zoology (79) 779-793
I used data collected during a study of radio-marked grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) in the Yellowstone region from 1977 to 1992 to investigate myrmecophagy by this population. Although generally not an important source of energy for the bears (averaging <5% of fecal volume at peak consumption), ants may have...
The Precambrian terranes of Yemen and their correlation with those of Saudi Arabia and Somalia: Implications for the accretion of Gondwana
B.F. Windley, M.J. Whitehouse, D. B. Stoeser, S. Al-Khirbash, M. A. O. Ba-Bttat, A. Al-Ghotbah
2001, Gondwana Research (4) 206-207
Most of the basement of Yemen consists of early Precambrian continental high-grade terranes and Neoproterozoic low-grade island arcs that were accreted together to form an arc-continent collage during the Pan-African orogeny (Windley et al., 1996; Whitehouse et al., 1998; Whitehouse et al., in press)....
Melt-inclusion-hosted excess 40Ar in quartz crystals of the Bishop and Bandelier magma systems
J. A. Winick, W. C. McIntosh, N. W. Dunbar
2001, Geology (29) 275-278
40Ar/39Ar experiments on melt-inclusion–bearing quartz (MIBQ) from the Bishop and Bandelier Tuff Plinian deposits indicate high concentrations of excess 40Ar in melt inclusions. Two rhyolite glass melt inclusion populations are present in quartz; exposed melt inclusions and trapped melt inclusions. Air-abrasion mill grinding and hydrofluoric acid treatments progressively remove exposed melt...
Rooted Brooks Range ophiolite: Implications for Cordilleran terranes
R. W. Saltus, R. L. Morin, T. L. Hudson
2001, Geology (29) 1151-1154
Modeling of gravity and magnetic data shows that areally extensive mafic and ultramafic rocks of the western Brooks Range, Alaska, are at least 8 km thick, and that gabbro and ultramafic rocks underlie basalt in several places. The basalt, gabbro, and ultramafic rocks have been considered parts of a far-traveled...
Improving the quality of mass produced maps
Jeffrey D. Simley
2001, Cartography and Geographic Information Science (28) 97-110
Quality is critical in cartography because key decisions are often made based on the information the map communicates. The mass production of digital cartographic information to support geographic information science has now added a new dimension to the problem of cartographic quality, as problems once limited to small volumes can...
Biogeochemistry of a treeline watershed, northwestern Alaska
R. Stottlemyer
2001, Journal of Environmental Quality (30) 1990-1998
Since 1950, mean annual temperatures in northwestern Alaska have increased. Change in forest floor and soil temperature or moisture could alter N mineralization rates, production of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and organic nitrogen (DON), and their export to the aquatic ecosystem. In 1990, we began study of nutrient cycles in...
Occurrence and Diversity of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Lagoons and Groundwater Underlying Two Swine Production Facilities
J. C. Chee-Sanford, R.I. Aminov, I.J. Krapac, N. Garrigues-Jeanjean, R.I. Mackie
2001, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (67) 1494-1502
In this study, we used PCR typing methods to assess the presence of tetracycline resistance determinants conferring ribosomal protection in waste lagoons and in groundwater underlying two swine farms. All eight classes of genes encoding this mechanism of resistance [tet(O), tet(Q), tet(W), tet(M), tetB(P), tet(S), tet(T), and otrA] were found...
Sediment quality in Burlington Harbor, Lake Champlain, U.S.A.
E.M. Lacey, J.W. King, J.G. Quinn, E.L. Mecray, P.G. Appleby, A.S. Hunt
2001, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (126) 97-120
Surface samples and cores were collected in 1993 from the Burlington Harbor region of Lake Champlain. Sediment samples were analyzed for trace metals (cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, silver and zinc), simultaneously extracted metal/acid volatile sulfide (SEM-AVS), grain size, nutrients (carbon and nitrogen) and organic contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and...
