Behavioral dysfunctions correlate to altered physiology in rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykiss) exposed to cholinesterase-inhibiting chemicals
S.K. Brewer, E. E. Little, A. J. DeLonay, S.L. Beauvais, S.B. Jones, Mark R. Ellersieck
2001, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (40) 70-76
We selected four metrics of swimming behavior (distance swam, speed, rate of turning, and tortuosity of path) and the commonly used biochemical marker, brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity, to assess (1) the sensitivity and reliability of behavior as a potential biomarker in monitoring work, (2) the potential for these endpoints to...
Frequency of egg and nestling destruction by female brown-headed cowbirds at grassland nests
Diane A. Granfors, Pamela J. Pietz, Lisa A. Joyal
2001, The Auk (118) 765-769
Researchers have suggested that Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) destroy nest contents of potential hosts to induce renesting and thus enhance future opportunities for parasitism. Although cowbird destruction of passerine nests has been witnessed and surmised, few data are available on frequency of those events. We used miniature video-cameras at nests...
Visible/near-infrared spectra and two-layer modeling of palagonite-coated Basalts
J. R. Johnson, W.M. Grundy
2001, Geophysical Research Letters (28) 2101-2104
Fine-grained dust coatings on Martian rocks and soils obscure underlying surfaces and hinder mineralogic interpretations of both remote sensing and in-situ observations. We investigate laboratory visible/near-infrared spectra of various thicknesses of palagonite coatings on basalt substrates. We develop a two-layer Hapke scattering model incorporating porosity, grain size, and derived absorption...
Modelling middle pliocene warm climates of the USA
A.M. Haywood, P.J. Valdes, B.W. Sellwood, J.O. Kaplan, H.J. Dowsett
2001, Palaeontologia Electronica (4)
The middle Pliocene warm period represents a unique time slice in which to model and understand climatic processes operating under a warm climatic regime. Palaeoclimatic model simulations, focussed on the United States of America (USA), for the middle Pliocene (ca 3 Ma) were generated using the USGS PRISM2 2?? ??...
Sulfate-reducing bacteria release barium and radium from naturally occurring radioactive material in oil-field barite
Elizabeth J.P. Phillips, E. R. Landa, T. Kraemer, R. Zielinski
2001, Geomicrobiology Journal (18) 167-182
Scale and sludge deposits formed during oil production can contain elevated levels of Ra, often coprecipitated with barium sulfate (barite). The potential for sulfate-reducing bacteria to release 226 Ra and Ba (a Ra analog) from oil-field barite was evaluated. The concentration of dissolved Ba increased when samples containing pipe scale,...
Major herbicides in ground water: Results from the National Water-Quality Assessment
J.E. Barbash, G.P. Thelin, D.W. Kolpin, R. J. Gilliom
2001, Journal of Environmental Quality (30) 831-845
To improve understanding of the factors affecting pesticide occurrence in ground water, patterns of detection were examined for selected herbicides, based primarily on results from the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. The NAWQA data were derived from 2227 sites (wells and springs) sampled in 20 major hydrologic...
Geophysical constraints on the location and geometry of the Las Vegas Shear Zone, Nevada
V.E. Langenheim, J. A. Grow, R.C. Jachens, G. L. Dixon, J. J. Miller
2001, Tectonics (20) 189-209
We model the basin configuration beneath Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, on the basis of gravity, drillhole, and seismic reflection data. We locate and characterize the various strands of the Las Vegas Valley Shear Zone (LVVSZ) by variations in basin thickness beneath the valley. The pre-Tertiary bedrock surface is complex, with...
Effects of maturation-inducing hormone on heterologous gap junctional coupling in ovarian follicles of Atlantic croaker
G. Yoshizaki, R. Patino, P. Thomas, D. Bolamba, Xiaotian Chang
2001, General and Comparative Endocrinology (124) 359-366
A previous ultrastructural study of heterologous (granulosa cell-oocyte) gap junction (GJ) contacts in ovarian follicles of Atlantic croaker suggested that these contacts disappear late during the process of resumption of oocyte meiosis. This observation suggested that, unlike scenarios proposed for a number of other species, uncoupling of GJ is not...
Miocene and early Pliocene epithermal gold-silver deposits in the northern Great Basin, western United States: Characteristics, distribution, and relationship to Magmatism
D. A. John
2001, Economic Geology (96) 1827-1853
Numerous important Miocene and early Pliocene epithermal Au-Ag deposits are present in the northern Great Basin. Most deposits are spatially and temporally related to two magmatic assemblages: bimodal basalt-rhyolite and western andesite. These magmatic assemblages are petrogenetic suites that reflect variations in tectonic environment of magma generation. The bimodal assemblage...
Stable isotopes in seafloor hydrothermal systems: Vent fluids, hydrothermal deposits, hydrothermal alteration, and microbial processes
Wayne C. Shanks III
2001, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (43) 468-525
The recognition of abundant and widespread hydrothermal activity and associated unique life-forms on the ocean floor is one of the great scientific discoveries of the latter half of the twentieth century. Studies of seafloor hydrothermal processes have led to revolutions in understanding fluid convection and the cooling of the ocean...
The Gibbs free energy of nukundamite (Cu3.38Fe0.62S4): A correction and implications for phase equilibria
Robert R. Seal, II, E. E. Inan, Bruce S. Hemingway
2001, Canadian Mineralogist (39) 1635-1640
The Gibbs free energy of formation of nukundamite (Cu3.38Fe0.62S4) was calculated from published experimental studies of the reaction 3.25 Cu3.38Fe0.62S4 + S2 = 11 CuS + 2 FeS2 in order to correct an erroneous expression in the published record. The correct expression describing the Gibbs free energy of formation (kJ·mol−1) of nukundamite relative...
Renewal of tidal forests in Washington State after a subduction earthquake in A.D. 1700
B.E. Benson, B.F. Atwater, D.K. Yamaguchi, L.J. Amidon, S.L. Brown, R.C. Lewis
2001, Quaternary Research (56) 139-147
With few exceptions, today's tidal trees near Washington's Pacific coast postdate an earthquake that lowered the region by 1 m or more. The earthquake, which occurred in A.D. 1700, is the most recent to have ruptured much of the plate boundary at this central part of the Cascadia subduction zone....
Potential contribution of microbial degradation to natural attenuation of MTBE in surface water systems
P. M. Bradley, F. H. Chapelle, J. E. Landmeyer
2001, Conference Paper, ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts
To evaluate the potential contribution of in situ biodegradation as a mechanism for natural attenuation of MTBE in surface water, surface water sediments were collected from streams and lakes at 11 sites throughout the US and the ability of the indigenous microorganisms to mineralize [U-14C] MTBE to 14CO2 under aerobic...
Composition and origin of coalbed gases in the Lower Silesian basin, southwest Poland
M.J. Kotarba, D. D. Rice
2001, Applied Geochemistry (16) 895-910
Coalbed gases in the Lower Silesian Coal Basin (LSCB) of Poland are highly variable in both their molecular and stable isotope compositions. Geochemical indices and stable isotope ratios vary within the following ranges: hydrocarbon (CHC) index CHC = CH4/(C2H6+C3H8) from 1.1 to 5825, wet gas (C2+) index C2+ = (C2H6+...
Consumption of tropospheric levels of methyl bromide by C1 compound-utilizing bacteria and comparison to saturation kinetics
K.D. Goodwin, R.K. Varner, P.M. Crill, Ronald S. Oremland
2001, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (67) 5437-5443
Pure cultures of methylotrophs and methanotrophs are known to oxidize methyl bromide (MeBr); however, their ability to oxidize tropospheric concentrations (parts per trillion by volume [pptv]) has not been tested. Methylotrophs and methanotrophs were able to consume MeBr provided at levels that mimicked...
Measurement of 224Ra and 226Ra activities in natural waters using a radon-in-air monitor
G. Kim, W. C. Burnett, H. Dulaiova, P.W. Swarzenski, W.S. Moore
2001, Environmental Science & Technology (35) 4680-4683
We report a simple new technique for measuring low-level radium isotopes (224Ra and 226Ra) in natural waters. The radium present in natural waters is first preconcentrated onto MnO2-coated acrylic fiber (Mn fiber) in a column mode. The radon produced from the adsorbed radium is then circulated through a closed air-loop...
Fine-scale population structure in Atlantic salmon from Maine's Penobscot River drainage
A.P. Spidle, Schill W. Bane, B.A. Lubinski, T.L. King
2001, Conservation Genetics (2) 11-24
We report a survey of micro satellite DNA variation in Atlantic salmon from the unimpounded lower reaches of Maine's Penobscot River. Our analysis indicates that Atlantic salmon in the Penobscot River are distinct from other populations that have little or no history of human-mediated repopulation, including two of its tributaries,...
Autobiographical notes or fun with field work
R. B. Clapp
2001, Atoll Research Bulletin 53-80
[No abstract available]...
Calcite crystal growth rate inhibition by polycarboxylic acids
M.M. Reddy, A.R. Hoch
2001, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (235) 365-370
Calcite crystal growth rates measured in the presence of several polycarboxyclic acids show that tetrahydrofurantetracarboxylic acid (THFTCA) and cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid (CPTCA) are effective growth rate inhibitors at low solution concentrations (0.01 to 1 mg/L). In contrast, linear polycarbocylic acids (citric acid and tricarballylic acid) had no inhibiting effect on calcite...
Further biogeochemical characterization of a trichloroethene-contaminated fractured dolomite aquifer: Electron source and microbial communities involved in reductive dechlorination
A. M. Hohnstock-Ashe, S.M. Plummer, R. M. Yager, P. Baveye, E.L. Madsen
2001, Environmental Science & Technology (35) 4449-4456
A recent article presented geochemical and microbial evidence establishing metabolic adaptation to and in-situ reductive dechlorination of trichloroethene (TCE) in a fractured dolomite aquifer. This study was designed to further explore site conditions and microbial populations and to explain previously reported enhancement of reductive dechlorination by the addition of pulverized...
The consequences of landscape change on ecological resources: An assessment of the United States mid-Atlantic region, 1973-1993
K. Bruce Jones, Anne Neale, Timothy G. Wade, James D. Wickham, Chad L. Cross, Curtis M. Edmonds, Thomas R. Loveland, Nash Maliha, Kurt H. Riitters, Elizabeth R. Smith
2001, Ecosystem Health (7) 229-242
Spatially explicit identification of changes in ecological conditions over large areas is key to targeting and prioritizing areas for environmental protection and restoration by managers at watershed, basin, and regional scales. A critical limitation to this point has been the development of methods to conduct such broad-scale assessments. Field-based methods...
Area requirements of grassland birds: A regional perspective
Douglas H. Johnson, Lawrence D. Igl
2001, The Auk (118) 24-34
Area requirements of grassland birds have not been studied except in tallgrass prairie. We studied the relation between both species-occurrence and density and patch size by conducting 699 fixed-radius point counts of 15 bird species on 303 restored grassland areas in nine counties in four northern Great Plains states. Northern...
Short-term variability and long-term change in the composition of the littoral zone fish community in Spirit Lake, Iowa
Clay Pierce, M. D. Sexton, M. E. Pelham, J. G. Larscheid
2001, American Midland Naturalist (146) 290-299
We assessed short-term variability and long-term change in the composition of the littoral fish community in Spirit Lake, Iowa. Fish were sampled in several locations at night with large beach seines during spring, summer and fall of 1995–1998. Long-term changes were inferred from comparison with a similar study conducted over...
Buoyancy compensation of juvenile chinook salmon implanted with two different size dummy transmitters
R.W. Perry, N.S. Adams, D.W. Rondorf
2001, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (130) 46-52
We investigated the effect of two different sizes of surgically implanted transmitters on the buoyancy compensation of juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. We determined buoyancy by measuring the density of fish with a filled air bladder in graded salinity baths. In addition, we examined the effect of pressure changes on...
Hydrology of the coastal sabkhas of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Ward E. Sanford, Warren W. Wood
2001, Hydrogeology Journal (9) 358-366
Water fluxes were estimated and a water budget developed for the land surface and a surficial 10-m-deep section of the coastal sabkhas that extend from the city of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, west to the border with Saudi Arabia. The fluxes were estimated on the basis of water levels...
