Slip distribution and tectonic implication of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake
C. Ji, D.V. Helmberger, T.-R.A. Song, K.-F. Ma, D.J. Wald
2001, Geophysical Research Letters (28) 4379-4382
We report on the fault complexity of the large (Mw = 7.6) Chi-Chi earthquake obtained by inverting densely and well-distributed static measurements consisting of 119 GPS and 23 doubly integrated strong motion records. We show that the slip of the Chi-Chi earthquake was concentrated on the surface of a "wedge...
Estimating methane production rates in bogs and landfills by deuterium enrichment of pore water
D. I. Siegel, J. P. Chanton, P.H. Glaser, L.S. Chasar, D.O. Rosenberry
2001, Global Biogeochemical Cycles (15) 967-975
Raised bogs and municipal waste landfills harbor large populations of methanogens within their domed deposits of anoxic organic matter. Although the methane emissions from these sites have been estimated by various methods, limited data exist on the activity of the methanogens at depth. We therefore analyzed the stable isotopic signature...
New constraints on the pyroclastic eruptive history of the Campanian volcanic Plain (Italy)
B. de Vivo, G. Rolandi, P. B. Gans, A. Calvert, W.A. Bohrson, F. J. Spera, H. E. Belkin
2001, Mineralogy and Petrology (73) 47-65
The ∼ 150 km3 (DRE) trachytic Campanian Ignimbrite, which is situated north-west of Naples, Italy, is one of the largest eruptions in the Mediterranean region in the last 200 ky. Despite centuries of investigation, the age and eruptive history of the Campanian Ignimbrite is still debated, as is the chronology of other significant volcanic...
Sulfur and lead isotope geochemistry of hypogene mineralization at the Barite Hill Gold Deposit, Carolina Slate Belt, southeastern United States: A window into and through regional metamorphism
Robert R. Seal, II, Robert A. Ayuso, Nora K. Foley, Sandra H. B. Clark
2001, Mineralium Deposita (36) 137-148
The Barite Hill gold deposit, at the southwestern end of the Carolina slate belt in the southeastern United States, is one of four gold deposits in the region that have a combined yield of 110 metric tons of gold over the past 10 years. At Barite Hill, production has dominantly come from oxidized...
Inheritance of microsatellite loci in the polyploid lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens)
J.D. Pyatskowit, C.C. Krueger, H. L. Kincaid, B. May
2001, Genome (44) 185-191
Inheritance in the expression of amplicons for four microsatellite primer pairs was determined using 10 families created from gametes of wild lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens). Loci Afu34 and Afu68 expressed a maximum of two even-intensity bands per individual and had progeny genotype ratios that fit disomic inheritance (P > 0.05)....
Remnant colloform pyrite at the haile gold deposit, South Carolina: A textural key to genesis
N. Foley, R. A. Ayuso, R.R. Seal II
2001, Economic Geology (96) 891-902
Auriferous iron sulfide-bearing deposits of the Carolina slate belt have distinctive mineralogical and textural features-traits that provide a basis to construct models of ore deposition. Our identification of paragenetically early types of pyrite, especially remnant colloform, crustiform, and layered growth textures of pyrite containing electrum and pyrrhotite, establishes unequivocally that...
Toward linking maize chemistry to archaeological agricultural sites in the North American Southwest
L.S. Cordell, S.R. Durand, Ronald C. Antweiler, Howard E. Taylor
2001, Journal of Archaeological Science (28) 501-513
Maize (Zea mays L.) was the staple domestic food crop for Ancestral Pueblo people throughout the northern American Southwest. It is thought to have been the basic food of the inhabitants of Chaco Canyon. New Mexico, a location that was a major centre of Ancestral Pueblo building and population during...
Estimation of population size using open capture-recapture models
T. L. McDonald, Steven C. Amstrup
2001, Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics (6) 206-220
One of the most important needs for wildlife managers is an accurate estimate of population size. Yet, for many species, including most marine species and large mammals, accurate and precise estimation of numbers is one of the most difficult of all research challenges. Open-population capture-recapture models have proven useful in...
Genetic characterization of hybridization and introgression between anadromous rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss irideus) and coastal cutthroat trout (o. clarki clarki)
W.P. Young, C.O. Ostberg, P. Keim, G.H. Thorgaard
2001, Molecular Ecology (10) 921-930
Interspecific hybridization represents a dynamic evolutionary phenomenon and major conservation problem in salmonid fishes. In this study we used amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers to describe the extent and characterize the pattern of hybridization and introgression between coastal rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus) and coastal...
Upper crustal structure in Puget Lowland, Washington: Results from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound
T.M. Brocher, T. Parsons, R.J. Blakely, N.I. Christensen, M. A. Fisher, R.E. Wells, Uri S. ten Brink, T. L. Pratt, R. S. Crosson, K. C. Creager, N. P. Symons, L.A. Preston, T. Van Wagoner, K.C. Miller, C.M. Snelson, A.M. Trehu, V.E. Langenheim, G.D. Spence, K. Ramachandran, R.A. Hyndman, D. C. Mosher, B.C. Zelt, C.S. Weaver
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (106) 13541-13564
A new three-dimensional (3-D) model shows seismic velocities beneath the Puget Lowland to a depth of 11 km. The model is based on a tomographic inversion of nearly one million first-arrival travel times recorded during the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound (SHIPS), allowing higher-resolution mapping of subsurface structures...
Post-caldera volcanism: In situ measurement of U-Pb age and oxygen isotope ratio in Pleistocene zircons from Yellowstone caldera
I.N. Bindeman, J.W. Valley, J. L. Wooden, H.M. Persing
2001, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (189) 197-206
The Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field, the site of some of the largest known silicic volcanic eruptions, is the present location of NE-migrating hotspot volcanic activity. Most volcanic rocks in the Yellowstone caldera (0.6 Ma), which formed in response to the climactic eruption of 1000 km3 of Lava Creek Tuff (LCT),...
Measurement of gas yields and flow rates using a custom flowmeter
S. Circone, S. H. Kirby, J.C. Pinkston, L.A. Stern
2001, Review of Scientific Instruments (72) 2709-2716
A simple gas collection apparatus based on the principles of a Torricelli tube has been designed and built to measure gas volume yields and flow rates. This instrument is routinely used to monitor and collect methane gas released during methane hydrate dissociation experiments. It is easily and inexpensively built, operates...
Ecosystem and immune systems: Hierarchial response provides resilience against invasions
Craig R. Allen
2001, Conservation Ecology (5)
Janssen (2001) provides the stimulus for thoughtful comparison and consideration of the ranges of responses exhibited by immune systems and ecological systems in the face of perturbations such as biological invasions. It may indeed be informative to consider the similarities of the responses to invasions exhibited by immune systems and...
Carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of particulate organic matter in four large river systems across the United States
C. Kendall, S. R. Silva, V.J. Kelly
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 1301-1346
Riverine particulate organic matter (POM) samples were collected bi‐weekly to monthly from 40 sites in the Mississippi, Colorado, Rio Grande, and Columbia River Basins (USA) in 1996–97 and analysed for carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic compositions. These isotopic compositions and C : N ratios were used to identify four endmember...
Site response, shallow shear-wave velocity, and damage in Los Gatos, California, from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
S. Hartzell, D. Carver, R. A. Williams
2001, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (91) 468-478
Aftershock records of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake are used to calculate site response in the frequency band of 0.5-10 Hz at 24 locations in Los Gatos, California, on the edge of the Santa Clara Valley. Two different methods are used: spectral ratios relative to a reference site on rock...
Quantifying contributions to storm runoff through end-member mixing analysis and hydrologic measurements at the Panola Mountain research watershed (Georgia, USA)
Douglas A. Burns, Jeffery J. McDonnell, R. P. Hooper, N.E. Peters, J.E. Freer, C. Kendall, K. Beven
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 1903-1924
The geographic sources and hydrologic flow paths of stormflow in small catchments are not well understood because of limitations in sampling methods and insufficient resolution of potential end members. To address these limitations, an extensive hydrologic dataset was collected at a 10 ha catchment at Panola Mountain research watershed near...
Effective matrix diffusion in kilometer‐scale transport in fractured crystalline rock
Allen M. Shapiro
2001, Water Resources Research (37) 507-522
Concentrations of tritium (3H) and dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC‐12) in water samples taken from glacial drift and fractured crystalline rock over 4 km2 in central New Hampshire are interpreted to identify a conceptual model of matrix diffusion and the magnitude of the diffusion coefficient. Dispersion and mass transfer to and from fractures has...
Travel times of P and S from the global digital seismic networks: Implications for the relative variation of P and S velocity in the mantle
H. Bolton, G. Masters
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (106) 13527-13540
We present new data sets of P and S arrival times which have been handpicked from long-period vertical and transverse component recordings of the various global seismic networks. Using events which occurred from 1976 to 1994 results in ∼38,000 globally well-distributed measurements of teleseismic P and ∼41,000 measurements of S. These data are particularly useful for looking...
Leaf conductance decreased under free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) for three perennials in the Nevada desert
Robert S. Nowak, Lesley A. Defalco, Carolyn S. Wilcox, Dean N. Jordan, James S. Coleman, Jeffrey R. Seemann, Stanley D. Smith
2001, New Phytologist (150) 449-458
A common response of plants to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (CO2) is decreased leaf conductance. Consequently, leaf temperature is predicted to increase under elevated CO2.Diurnal patterns of leaf conductance and temperature were measured for three desert perennials, the C3 shrub Larrea tridentata, C3 tussock grass Achnatherum hymenoides and C4tussock grass...
Garnet granulite xenoliths from the Northern Baltic shield: The underplated lower crust of a palaeoproterozoic large igneous province
P.D. Kempton, H. Downes, L.A. Neymark, J.A. Wartho, R. E. Zartman, E.V. Sharkov
2001, Journal of Petrology (42) 731-763
Garnet granulite facies xenoliths hosted in Devonian lamprophyres from the Kola Peninsula are interpreted to represent the high-grade metamorphic equivalents of continental flood tholeiites, emplaced into the Baltic Shield Archaean lower crust in early Proterozoic time. Geochronological data and similarities in major and trace element geochemistry suggest that the xenoliths...
Determination of nitrogen in coal macerals using electron microprobe technique-experimental procedure
Maria Mastalerz, L.W. Gurba
2001, International Journal of Coal Geology (47) 23-30
This paper discusses nitrogen determination with the Cameca SX50 electron microprobe using PCO as an analyzing crystal. A set of conditions using differing accelerating voltages, beam currents, beam sizes, and counting times were tested to determine parameters that would give the most reliable nitrogen determination. The results suggest that, for...
Alder (Alnus crispa) effects on soils in ecosystems of the Agashashok River valley, northwest Alaska
Charles Rhoades, Hlynur Oskarsson, Dan Binkley, Robert Stottlemeyer
2001, Écoscience (8) 89-95
At the northern limit of the boreal forest biome, alder (Alnus crispa [Ait.] Pursh) shrubs occur in a variety of ecosystems. We assessed the effects of individual alder shrubs on soil properties and understory plant tissue nitrogen in floodplain terraces, valley slopes and tussock tundra ridges. The three ecosystems differed with...
Ecosystem impacts of three sequential hurricanes (Dennis, Floyd, and Irene) on the United States' largest lagoonal estuary, Pamlico Sound, NC
H.W. Paerl, J. D. Bales, L.W. Ausley, C.P. Buzzelli, L.B. Crowder, L.A. Eby, J.M. Fear, M. Go, B.L. Peierls, T.L. Richardson, J.S. Ramus
2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (98) 5655-5660
Three sequential hurricanes, Dennis, Floyd, and Irene, affected coastal North Carolina in September and October 1999. These hurricanes inundated the region with up to 1 m of rainfall, causing 50- to 500-year flooding in the watershed of the Pamlico Sound, the largest lagoonal estuary in the United States and a...
Effect of redox conditions on MTBE biodegradation in surface water Sediments
P. M. Bradley, F. H. Chapelle, J. E. Landmeyer
2001, Environmental Science & Technology (35) 4643-4647
Microbial degradation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was observed in surface water-sediment microcosms under anaerobic conditions. The efficiency and products of anaerobic MTBE biodegradation were dependent on the predominant terminal electron-accepting conditions. In the presence of substantial methanogenic activity, MTBE biodegradation was nominal and involved reduction of MTBE to the...
Alaska: A twenty-first-century petroleum province
Kenneth J. Bird
2001, AAPG Memoir (74) 137-165
Alaska, the least explored of all United States regions, is estimated to contain approximately 40% of total U.S. undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and natural-gas resources, based on the most recent U.S. Department of the Interior (U.S. Geological Survey and Minerals Management Service) estimates. Northern Alaska, including the North Slope and...
