Volcano collapse promoted by hydrothermal alteration and edifice shape, Mount Rainier, Washington
M.E. Reid, T. W. Sisson, D.L. Brien
2001, Geology (29) 779-782
Catastrophic collapses of steep volcano flanks threaten many populated regions, and understanding factors that promote collapse could save lives and property. Large collapses of hydrothermally altered parts of Mount Rainier have generated far-traveled debris flows; future flows would threaten densely populated parts of the Puget Sound region. We evaluate edifice...
Investigations of the availability and survival of submersed aquatic vegetation propagules in the tidal Potomac River
N. B. Rybicki, D.G. McFarland, H. Ruhl, J. T. Reel, J.W. Barko
2001, Estuaries (24) 407-424
The establishment of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) at unvegetated sites in the freshwater tidal Potomac River was limited primarily by factors other than propagule availability. For two years, traps were used to quantify the amount of plant material reaching three unvegetated sites over the growing season. The calculated flux values...
Experimental controls on D/H and 13C/12C ratios of kerogen, bitumen and oil during hydrous pyrolysis
A. Schimmelmann, J.-P. Boudou, M. D. Lewan, R. P. Wintsch
2001, Organic Geochemistry (32) 1009-1018
Large isotopic transfers between water-derived hydrogen and organic hydrogen occurred during hydrous pyrolysis experiments of immature source rocks, in spite of only small changes in organic 13C/12C. Experiments at 330 ??C over 72 h using chips or powder containing kerogen types I and III identify the rock/water ratio as a...
Dynamics of diffuse pollution from US southern watersheds
J.D. Schreiber, R.A. Rebich, C.M. Cooper
2001, Water Research (35) 2534-2542
To understand the effects of diffuse pollution information on the source of pollutants, quantities in transport, mode of transport, transient nature of the pollution event, and most importantly, a consideration of remediation efforts need to be known. For example, water quality research in the Yazoo Basin uplands in Mississippi has...
The consequences of landscape change on ecological resources: An assessment of the United States mid-Atlantic region, 1973-1993
K. Bruce Jones, Anne Neale, Timothy G. Wade, James D. Wickham, Chad L. Cross, Curtis M. Edmonds, Thomas R. Loveland, Nash Maliha, Kurt H. Riitters, Elizabeth R. Smith
2001, Ecosystem Health (7) 229-242
Spatially explicit identification of changes in ecological conditions over large areas is key to targeting and prioritizing areas for environmental protection and restoration by managers at watershed, basin, and regional scales. A critical limitation to this point has been the development of methods to conduct such broad-scale assessments. Field-based methods...
Body conditions and stomach contents of subadult trout during fall and winter in three Wyoming tailwaters
J.L. Hebdon, W.A. Hubert
2001, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (21) 897-903
We studied three tailwaters in Wyoming from October 1997 through February 1998 to determine whether body conditions of stocked, subadult rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss or cutthroat trout O. clarki declined from fall through winter and to assess whether lack of food in stomachs might be related to any declines. Body...
Hydrology of the coastal sabkhas of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Ward E. Sanford, Warren W. Wood
2001, Hydrogeology Journal (9) 358-366
Water fluxes were estimated and a water budget developed for the land surface and a surficial 10-m-deep section of the coastal sabkhas that extend from the city of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, west to the border with Saudi Arabia. The fluxes were estimated on the basis of water levels...
Pleistocene reduction of polar ice caps: Evidence from Cariaco Basin marine sediments
R.Z. Poore, H.J. Dowsett
2001, Geology (29) 71-74
Sea level is projected to rise between 13 and 94 cm over the next 100 yr due to continued climate warming. The sea-level projections assume that polar ice sheets will remain stable or even increase on time scales of centuries, but controversial geologic evidence suggests that current polar ice sheets...
Effects of color bands on Semipalmated Sandpipers banded at hatch
Jonathan Bart, Daniel S. Battaglia, Nathan R. Senner
2001, Journal of Field Ornithology (72) 521-526
Effects of color bands on adult birds have been investigated in many studies, but much less is known about the effects of bands on birds banded at hatch. We captured Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) chicks at hatch on the Alaskan North Slope and attached 0–3 bands to them. The chicks...
The optimal number of carboniferous series and stages
Manfred Menning, Zdzislaw Belka, Boris Chuvashov, Brian A. Engel, Peter J. Jones, Jurgen Kullmann, John Utting, Lynn Watney, Dieter Weyer
2001, Newsletters on Stratigraphy (38) 201-207
The number of global Carboniferous series and stages should be consistent with those of the neighbouring Devonian and Permian systems. Therefore, two series and seven to nine stages are preferred instead of two subsystems, seven to nine series, and 21 to 35 stages....
The Khida terrane - Geochronological and isotopic evidence for Paleoproterozoic and Archean crust in the eastern Arabian Shield of Saudi Arabia
M.J. Whitehouse, D. B. Stoeser, J. S. Stacey
2001, Gondwana Research (4) 200-202
The Khida terrane of the eastern Arabian Shield of Saudi Arabia has been proposed as being underlain by Paleoproterozoic to Archean continental crust (Stoeser and Stacey, 1988). Detailed geological aspects of the Khida terrane, particularly resulting from new fieldwork during 1999, are discussed in...
Sulfate-reducing bacteria release barium and radium from naturally occurring radioactive material in oil-field barite
Elizabeth J.P. Phillips, E. R. Landa, T. Kraemer, R. Zielinski
2001, Geomicrobiology Journal (18) 167-182
Scale and sludge deposits formed during oil production can contain elevated levels of Ra, often coprecipitated with barium sulfate (barite). The potential for sulfate-reducing bacteria to release 226 Ra and Ba (a Ra analog) from oil-field barite was evaluated. The concentration of dissolved Ba increased when samples containing pipe scale,...
Quantifying the relative importance of flow regulation and grain size regulation of suspended sediment transport α and tracking changes in grain size of bed sediment β
David M. Rubin, David J. Topping
2001, Water Resources Research (37) 133-146
To predict changes in sediment transport, it is essential to know whether transport is regulated mainly by changes in flow or by changes in grain size of sediment on the bed. In flows where changes in suspended sediment transport are regulated purely by changes in flow (grain size of bed...
U.S. Geological Survey programs and investigations related to soil and water conservation
W. R. Osterkamp, J. R. Gray
2001, International Journal of Sediment Research (16) 421-429
The U.S. Geological Survey has a rich tradition of collecting hydrologic data, especially for fluxes of water and suspended sediment, that provide a foundation for studies of soil and water conservation. Applied and basic research has included investigations of the effects of land use on rangelands, croplands, and forests; hazards...
Geophysical constraints on the location and geometry of the Las Vegas Shear Zone, Nevada
V.E. Langenheim, J. A. Grow, R.C. Jachens, G. L. Dixon, J. J. Miller
2001, Tectonics (20) 189-209
We model the basin configuration beneath Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, on the basis of gravity, drillhole, and seismic reflection data. We locate and characterize the various strands of the Las Vegas Valley Shear Zone (LVVSZ) by variations in basin thickness beneath the valley. The pre-Tertiary bedrock surface is complex, with...
Soil efflux and total emission rates of magmatic CO2 at the horseshoe lake tree kill, mammoth mountain, California, 1995-1999
T.M. Gerlach, M.P. Doukas, K.A. McGee, R. Kessler
2001, Chemical Geology (177) 101-116
We report the results of eight soil CO2 efflux surveys by the closed circulation chamber method at the Horseshoe Lake tree kill (HLTK) - the largest tree kill on Mammoth Mountain. The surveys were undertaken from 1995 to 1999 to constrain total HLTK CO2 emissions and to evaluate occasional efflux...
Elevated carbon dioxide flux at the Dixie Valley geothermal field, Nevada; relations between surface phenomena and the geothermal reservoir
D. Bergfeld, F. Goff, C. J. Janik
2001, Chemical Geology (177) 43-66
In the later part of the 1990s, a large die-off of desert shrubs occurred over an approximately 1 km2 area in the northwestern section of the Dixie Valley (DV) geothermal field. This paper reports results from accumulation-chamber measurements of soil CO2 flux from locations in the dead zone and stable...
Density model of the Cascadia subduction zone
T.V. Romanyuk, Walter D. Mooney, R.J. Blakely
2001, Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth (37) 617-635
The main goal of this work is to construct self-consistent density models along two profiles crossing the northern and central Cascadia subduction zone that have been comprehensively studied on the basis of geological, geophysical, etc. data....
Seabed observation & sampling system
D. Blackwood, K. Parolski
2001, Sea Technology (42) 39-43
SEABOSS has proved to be a valuable addition to the USGS data-acquisition and processing field program. It has allowed researchers to collect high-quality images and seabed samples in a timely manner. It is a simple, dependable and trouble-free system with a track record of over 3,000 deployments. When used as...
Translational and fluctuating asymmetry as tools to detect stress in stress-adapted and nonadapted plants
C.L. Alados, T. Navarro, J. Escos, B. Cabezudo, J.M. Emlen
2001, International Journal of Plant Sciences (162) 607-616
Plants having experienced previous exposure to a stress are expected to be more resistant to further stress than those not having been exposed. While the assessment of stress in plants is a difficult task, particularly for stress-adapted plants, developmental instability has proven a useful tool for assessing stress in organisms....
Source parameters for the 1952 Kern County earthquake, California: A joint inversion of leveling and triangulation observations
G.W. Bawden
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (106) 771-785
Coseismic leveling and triangulation observations are used to determine the faulting geometry and slip distribution of the July 21, 1952, Mw 7.3 Kern County earthquake on the White Wolf fault. A singular value decomposition inversion is used to assess the ability of the geodetic network to resolve slip along a multisegment fault...
Geochemical and mineralogical studies of dinosaur bone from the Morrison Formation at Dinosaur Ridge
P.J. Modreski
2001, Mountain Geologist (38) 111-118
The dinosaur bones first discovered in 1877 in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation at Morrison, Colorado were the first major find of dinosaur skeletons in the western U.S. and led to the recognition of four new dinosaur genera (Apatosaurus, Allosaurus, Diplodocus, and Stegosaurus). Eight articles dealing with these bones which...
Composition and origin of coalbed gases in the Lower Silesian basin, southwest Poland
M.J. Kotarba, D. D. Rice
2001, Applied Geochemistry (16) 895-910
Coalbed gases in the Lower Silesian Coal Basin (LSCB) of Poland are highly variable in both their molecular and stable isotope compositions. Geochemical indices and stable isotope ratios vary within the following ranges: hydrocarbon (CHC) index CHC = CH4/(C2H6+C3H8) from 1.1 to 5825, wet gas (C2+) index C2+ = (C2H6+...
Probabilistic seismic hazard analyses for ground motions and fault displacement at Yucca Mountain, Nevada
J.C. Stepp, Ivan Wong, John W. Whitney, R. Quittmeyer, N. Abrahamson, G. Toro, S.R. Young, K. Coppersmith, J. Savy, T. Sullivan
2001, Earthquake Spectra (17) 113-151
Probabilistic seismic hazard analyses were conducted to estimate both ground motion and fault displacement hazards at the potential geologic repository for spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The study is believed to be the largest and most comprehensive analyses ever conducted for ground-shaking hazard and...
Wavefield properties of a shallow long-period event and tremor at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii
G. Saccorotti, B. Chouet, P. Dawson
2001, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (109) 163-189
The wavefields of tremor and a long-period (LP) event associated with the ongoing eruptive activity at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, are investigated using a combination of dense small-aperture (300 m) and sparse large-aperture (5 km) arrays deployed in the vicinity of the summit caldera. Measurements of azimuth and slowness for tremor...
