Design and performance of a rugged standard operative temperature thermometer for avian studies
G.S. Bakken, A.F. Boysen, C. E. Korschgen, K.P. Kenow, S.L. Lima
2001, Journal of Thermal Biology (26) 595-604
The lack of a truly satisfactory sensor which can characterize the thermal environment at the spatial scale experienced by small endotherms has hindered study of their thermoregulatory behavior. We describe a general design for a rugged, easily constructed sensor to measure standard operative temperature, Tes. We present specific designs for...
Influence of mining-related activities on concentrations of metals in water and sediment from streams of the Black Hills, South Dakota
T.W. May, Ray H. Wiedmeyer, J. Gober, S. Larson
2001, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (40) 1-9
Water and sediment samples were collected from streams in Spearfish Creek, Whitewood Creek, and Bear Butte Creek watersheds in the Black Hills, SD, an area impacted by gold mining operations. Arsenic concentrations that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Maximum Concentration Limit of 50 μg/L for drinking water were found...
Factors controlling the configuration of the fresh-saline water interface in the Dead Sea coastal aquifers: Synthesis of TDEM surveys and numerical groundwater modeling
Y. Yechieli, U. Kafri, M. Goldman, C.I. Voss
2001, Hydrogeology Journal (9) 367-377
TDEM (time domain electromagnetic) traverses in the Dead Sea (DS) coastal aquifer help to delineate the configuration of the interrelated fresh-water and brine bodies and the interface in between. A good linear correlation exists between the logarithm of TDEM resistivity and the chloride concentration of groundwater, mostly in the higher...
Eustacy, climate, tectonics, sedimentary environments, and the formation of Permian coal measures in the Sohagpur Coalfield, Madhya Pradesh, India
Abhijit Mukhopadhyay, S. Adhikari, S.P. Roy, S. Bhattacharya, Robert C. Milici, Peter D. Warwick, E.R. Landis
2001, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the national seminar on recent advances in geology and lignite basins of India (Geological Survey of India Special Publication no. 54)
No abstract available....
Variation in aluminum, iron, and particle concentrations in oxic ground-water samples collected by use of tangential-flow ultrafiltration with low-flow sampling
Zoltan Szabo, J.H. Oden, J. Gibs, D.E. Rice, Y. Ding
Jensen J LBurggraf L W, editor(s)
2001, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Particulates that move with ground water and those that are artificially mobilized during well purging could be incorporated into water samples during collection and could cause trace-element concentrations to vary in unfiltered samples, and possibly in filtered samples (typically 0.45-um (micron) pore size) as well, depending on the particle-size fractions...
Behavioral thermoregulation by juvenile spring and fall chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, during smoltification
S.T. Sauter, L.I. Crawshaw, A.G. Maule
2001, Environmental Biology of Fishes (61) 295-304
Fall chinook salmon evolved to emigrate during the summer months. The shift in the temperature preference we observed in smolting fall chinook but not spring chinook salmon may reflect a phylogenetic adaptation to summer emigration by (1) providing directional orientation as fall chinook salmon move into the marine environment, (2)...
The failure of earthquake failure models
J. Gomberg
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (106) 16253-16263
In this study I show that simple heuristic models and numerical calculations suggest that an entire class of commonly invoked models of earthquake failure processes cannot explain triggering of seismicity by transient or "dynamic" stress changes, such as stress changes associated with passing seismic waves. The models of this class...
Resolution analysis of finite fault source inversion using one- and three-dimensional Green's functions 1. Strong motions
R.W. Graves, D.J. Wald
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (106) 8745-8766
We develop a methodology to perform finite fault source inversions from strong motion data using Green's functions (GFs) calculated for a three-dimensional (3-D) velocity structure. The 3-D GFs are calculated numerically by inserting body forces at each of the strong motion sites and then recording the resulting strains along the...
The trade-off between food and temperature in the habitat choice of bluegill sunfish
M. L. Wildhaber
2001, Journal of Fish Biology (58) 1476-1478
A model is presented to describe the trade-off between food and temperature in bluegills Lepomis macrochirus, where temperature was the primary factor used in determining the patch in which to reside....
Density, aggregation, and body size of northern pikeminnow preying on juvenile salmonids in a large river
J.H. Petersen
2001, Journal of Fish Biology (58) 1137-1148
Predation by northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis on juvenile salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. occurred probably during brief feeding bouts since diets were either dominated by salmonids (>80% by weight), or contained other prey types and few salmonids (<5%). In samples where salmonids had been consumed, large rather than small predators were more...
A look inside 'black box' hydrograph separation models: A study at the hydrohill catchment
C. Kendall, Jeffery J. McDonnell, W. Gu
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 1877-1902
Runoff sources and dominant flowpaths are still poorly understood in most catchments; consequently, most hydrograph separations are essentially 'black box' models where only external information is used. The well-instrumented 490 m2 Hydrohill artificial grassland catchment located near Nanjing (China) was used to examine internal catchment processes. Since groundwater levels never...
Applying the scientific method to small catchment studies: Areview of the Panola Mountain experience
R. P. Hooper
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 2039-2050
A hallmark of the scientific method is its iterative application to a problem to increase and refine the understanding of the underlying processes controlling it. A successful iterative application of the scientific method to catchment science (including the fields of hillslope hydrology and biogeochemistry) has been hindered by two factors....
Assessment of reproductive effects in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to bleached/unbleached kraft mill effluents
M. S. Sepulveda, D. S. Ruessler, N. D. Denslow, S. E. Holm, T. R. Schoeb, T. S. Gross
2001, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (41) 475-482
This study evaluated the potential effects of different concentrations of bleached/unbleached kraft mill effluent (B/UKME) on several reproductive endpoints in adult largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The kraft mill studied produces a 50/50 mix of bleached/unbleached market pulp with an estimated release of 36 million gal of efffluent/day. Bleaching sequences were...
Pollen-limited reproduction in blue oak: Implications for wind pollination in fragmented populations
E. E. Knapp, M.A. Goedde, K.J. Rice
2001, Oecologia (128) 48-55
Human activities are fragmenting forests and woodlands worldwide, but the impact of reduced tree population densities on pollen transfer in wind-pollinated trees is poorly understood. In a 4-year study, we evaluated relationships among stand density, pollen availability, and seed production in a thinned and fragmented population of blue oak (Quercus...
Effect of canopy removal on snowpack quantity and quality, fraser experimental forest, Colorado
R. Stottlemyer, C.A. Troendle
2001, Journal of Hydrology (245) 165-176
Snowpack peak water equivalent (PWE), ion concentration, content, and spatial distribution of ion load data from spring 1987-1996 in a 1 ha clearcut and adjacent forested plots vegetated by mature Picea engelmannii and Abies lasiocarpa in the Fraser experimental forest (FEF), Colorado are presented. Our objectives were: (1) to see...
Spatial extent of a hydrothermal system at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, determined from array analyses of shallow long-period seismicity 1. Method
J. Almendros, B. Chouet, P. Dawson
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (106) 13565-13580
We present a probabilistic method to locate the source of seismic events using seismic antennas. The method is based on a comparison of the event azimuths and slownesses derived from frequency-slowness analyses of array data, with a slowness vector model. Several slowness vector models are considered including both homogeneous and...
Nitric acid dry deposition to conifer forests: Niwot Ridge spruce-fir-pine study
H. Sievering, T. Kelly, G. McConville, C. Seibold, A. Turnipseed
2001, Atmospheric Environment (35) 3851-3859
The dry deposition velocity of nitric acid, Vd(HNO3), over a 12-m (mean height) spruce-fir forest at Niwot Ridge, Colorado was estimated during 13 daytime periods using the flux-gradient approach. Turbulence intensity at this site is high (mean u* of 0.65ms-1 with u of 2.9ms-1) and contributed to the large observed...
All equal-area map projections are created equal, but some are more equal than others
E. Lynn Usery, Jeong Chang Seong
2001, Cartography and Geographic Information Science (28) 183-193
High-resolution regional and global raster databases are currently being generated for a variety of environmental and scientific modeling applications. The projection of these data from geographic coordinates to a plane coordinate system is subject to significant areal error. Sources of error include users selecting an inappropriate projection or incorrect parameters...
pH dependence of iron photoreduction in a rocky mountain stream affected by acid mine drainage
Diane M. McKnight, B. A. Kimball, R.L. Runkel
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 1979-1992
The redox speciation of dissolved iron and the transport of iron in acidic, metal‐enriched streams is controlled by precipitation and dissolution of iron hydroxides, by photoreduction of dissolved ferric iron and hydrous iron oxides, and by oxidation of the resulting dissolved ferrous iron. We examined the...
Carbon dynamics within agricultural and native sites in the loess region of Western lowa
K.L. Manies, J.W. Harden, L. Kramer, W.J. Parton
2001, Global Change Biology (7) 545-555
In order to quantify the historical changes in carbon storage that result from agricultural conversion, this study compared the carbon dynamics of two sites in the loess region of Iowa: a native prairie and a cropland. Field data were obtained to determine present-day carbon storage and its variability within a...
Determination of the sources of nitrate contamination in karst springs using isotopic and chemical indicators
S.V. Panno, Keith C. Hackley, H.-H. Hwang, W.R. Kelly
2001, Chemical Geology (179) 113-128
The sources of nitrate (NO-3) in groundwater of the shallow karst aquifer in southwestern Illinois' sinkhole plain were investigated using chemical and isotopic techniques. The groundwater in this aquifer is an important source of potable water for about half of the residents of the sinkhole plain area. Previous work has...
Vertical tectonics in northern Escanaba Trough as recorded by thick late Quaternary turbidites
W. R. Normark, F. Serra
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (106) 13793-13802
Escanaba Trough, the southernmost segment of the Gorda Ridge, is filled by as much as 500 m of late Quaternary turbidite and hemipelagic sediment. Coring at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 35 and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 1037 and 1038 together with 4.5-kHz deep-tow and 3.5-kHz surface-ship seismic reflection...
Pollen assemblages as paleoenvironmental proxies in the Florida Everglades
Debra A. Willard, L. M. Weimer, W.L. Riegel
2001, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology (113) 213-235
Analysis of 170 pollen assemblages from surface samples in eight vegetation types in the Florida Everglades indicates that these wetland sub-environments are distinguishable from the pollen record and that they are useful proxies for hydrologic and edaphic parameters. Vegetation types sampled include sawgrass marshes, cattail marshes, sloughs with floating aquatics,...
Mercury and methylmercury in water and sediment of the Sacramento River Basin, California
Joseph L. Domagalski
2001, Applied Geochemistry (16) 1677-1691
Mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (CH3Hg+) concentrations in streambed sediment and water were determined at 27 locations throughout the Sacramento River Basin, CA. Mercury in sediment was elevated at locations downstream of either Hg mining or Au mining activities where Hg was used in the recovery of Au. Methylmercury in sediment...
Effects of migratory geese on plant communities of an Alaskan salt marsh
Amy B. Zacheis, Jerry W. Hupp, Roger W. Ruess
2001, Journal of Ecology (89) 57-71
1. We studied the effects of lesser snow geese (Anser caerulescens caerulescens) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis) on two salt marsh plant communities in Cook Inlet, Alaska, a stopover area used during spring migration. From 1995 to 1997 we compared plant species composition and biomass on plots where geese were...
