Seismic hazard in Hawaii: High rate of large earthquakes and probabilistics ground-motion maps
F. W. Klein, A.D. Frankel, C.S. Mueller, R. L. Wesson, P. G. Okubo
2001, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (91) 479-498
The seismic hazard and earthquake occurrence rates in Hawaii are locally as high as that near the most hazardous faults elsewhere in the United States. We have generated maps of peak ground acceleration (PGA) and spectral acceleration (SA) (at 0.2, 0.3 and 1.0 sec, 5% critical damping) at 2% and...
Preliminary geological assessment of the Northern edge of Ultimi Lobe, Mars South Polar layered deposits
B. Murray, M. Koutnik, S. Byrne, Laurence A. Soderblom, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, K. L. Tanaka
2001, Icarus (154) 80-97
We have examined the local base of the south polar layered deposits (SPLD) exposed in the bounding scarp near 72°–74°S, 215°–230°W where there is a clear unconformable contact with older units. Sections of layering up to a kilometer thick were examined along the bounding scarp, permitting an estimate of the...
Contrasting water quality from paired domestic/public supply wells, central High Plains
B. W. Bruce, G.P. Oelsner
2001, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (37) 1389-1403
Closely located domestic and public supply wells were sampled using identical sampling procedures to allow comparison of water quality associated with well type. Water samples from 15 pairs of wells with similar screened intervals completed in the central High Plains regional aquifer in parts of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas were...
Late quaternary vegetation and climatic history of the Long Valley area, west-central Idaho, U.S.A.
J. P. Doerner, P. E. Carrara
2001, Quaternary Research (56) 103-111
Paleoenvironmental data, including pollen and sediment analyses, radiocarbon ages, and tephra identifications of a core recovered from a fen, provide a ca. 16,500 14C yr B.P. record of late Quaternary vegetation and climate change in the Long Valley area of west-central Idaho. The fen was deglaciated prior to ca. 16,500...
A geostatistical approach to predicting sulfur content in the Pittsburgh coal bed
W.D. Watson, L.F. Ruppert, L. J. Bragg, S.J. Tewalt
2001, International Journal of Coal Geology (48) 1-22
The US Geological Survey (USGS) is completing a national assessment of coal resources in the five top coal-producing regions in the US. Point-located data provide measurements on coal thickness and sulfur content. The sample data and their geologic interpretation represent the most regionally complete and up-to-date assessment of what is...
Sustainability of coastal resource use in San Quintin, Mexico
A. Aguirre-Munoz, R. W. Buddemeier, V. Camacho-lbar, J.D. Carriquiry, S.E. Ibarra-Obando, Barbara W. Massey, S. V. Smith, F. Wulff
2001, Ambio (30) 142-149
San Quintin, Mexico, provides a useful site for integrated analyses of material fluxes and socioeconomic constraints in a geographically isolated system. Natural resource utilization on the land is dominated by groundwater exploitation for cultivation of horticulture crops (primarily tomatoes). Irrigation exceeds water recharge minus export by a factor of 6....
Paleoclimatic reconstruction using the correlation in δ18O of hackberry carbonate and environmental water, North America
A. Hope Jahren, Ronald Amundson, Carol Kendall, Peter Wigand
2001, Quaternary Research (56) 252-263
Celtis sp. (commonly known as “hackberry”) fruits were collected from 101 North American sites located in 13 states and one Canadian province between the years of 1979–1994. The biomineralized carbonate endocarp of the hackberry, which is a common botanical fossil found throughout the Quaternary sediments of the Great Plains, was analyzed...
The influence of weather on Golden Eagle migration in northwestern Montana
R.E. Yates, B.R. McClelland, P.T. Mcclelland, C.H. Key, R.E. Bennetts
2001, Journal of Raptor Research (35) 81-90
We analyzed the influence of 17 weather factors on migrating Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) near the Continental Divide in Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A. Local weather measurements were recorded at automated stations on the flanks of two peaks within the migration path. During a total of 506 hr of observation,...
Mud volcanoes of the Orinoco Delta, Eastern Venezuela
A. Aslan, A.G. Warne, W.A. White, E.H. Guevara, R.C. Smyth, J. A. Raney, J.C. Gibeaut
2001, Geomorphology (41) 323-336
Mud volcanoes along the northwest margin of the Orinoco Delta are part of a regional belt of soft sediment deformation and diapirism that formed in response to rapid foredeep sedimentation and subsequent tectonic compression along the Caribbean-South American plate boundary. Field studies of five mud volcanoes show that such structures...
The magnitude and proximate cause of ice-sheet growth since 35,000 yr B.P.
I.J. Winograd
2001, Quaternary Research (56) 299-307
The magnitude of late Wisconsinan (post-35,000 yr B.P.) ice-sheet growth in the Northern Hemisphere is not well known. Ice volume at ???35,000 yr B.P. may have been as little as 20% or as much as 70% of the volume present at the last glacial maximum (LGM). A conservative evaluation of...
Image and in situ data integration to derive sawgrass density for surface flow modelling in the Everglades, Florida, USA
J. W. Jones
2001, IAHS-AISH Publication 507-512
The US Geological Survey is building models of the Florida Everglades to be used in managing south Florida surface water flows for habitat restoration and maintenance. Because of the low gradients in the Everglades, vegetation structural characteristics are very important and greatly influence surface water flow and distribution. Vegetation density...
El Niño and its impact on fire weather conditions in Alaska
Jason C. Hess, Carven A. Scott, Gary L. Hufford, Michael D. Fleming
2001, International Journal of Wildland Fire (10) 1-13
Examining the relationship of El Niño to weather patterns in Alaska shows wide climate variances that depend on the teleconnection between the tropics and the northern latitudes. However, the weather patterns exhibited in Alaska during and just after moderate to strong El Niño episodes are generally consistent: above normal temperature...
Rooted Brooks Range ophiolite: Implications for Cordilleran terranes
R. W. Saltus, R. L. Morin, T. L. Hudson
2001, Geology (29) 1151-1154
Modeling of gravity and magnetic data shows that areally extensive mafic and ultramafic rocks of the western Brooks Range, Alaska, are at least 8 km thick, and that gabbro and ultramafic rocks underlie basalt in several places. The basalt, gabbro, and ultramafic rocks have been considered parts of a far-traveled...
Difficulties with estimating and interpreting species pools and the implications for understanding patterns of diversity
J.B. Grace
2001, Folia Geobotanica (36) 71-83
Evidence has been accumulating that species pools play a major role in regulating variations in small-scale diversity. However, our ability to unambiguously estimate and interpret species pools remains a major impediment to understanding the processes that control patterns of diversity. Two main approaches have been employed to evaluate the relationships...
Diets of nesting laughing gulls (Larus atricilla) at the Virginia Coast Reserve: observations from stable isotope analysis
A. J. Knoff, S.A. Macko, R.M. Erwin
2001, Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies (37) 67-88
Food web studies often ignore details of temporal, spatial, and intrapopulation dietary variation in top-level consumers. In this study, intrapopulation dietary variation of a dominant carnivore, the Laughing Gull (Larus atricilla), was examined using carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope analysis of gull tissues as well as their prey (fish, invertebrates,...
Conodont and fusulinid biostratigraphy and history of the Pennsylvanian to Lower Permian Keeler Basin, east-central California
C.H. Stevens, P. Stone, S.M. Ritter
2001, Brigham Young University Geology Studies (46) 99-142
The Pennsylvanian-Lower Permian Keeler Canyon Formation and lower part of the Lower Permian Lone Pine Formation in east-central California were deposited in a deep-water basin that originated in the Morrowan (Early Pennsylvanian), was fully established by the Desmoinesian (Middle Pennsylvanian), and lasted into the Sakmarian (Early Permian). Stratigraphic studies indicate...
Use of stable sulfur isotopes to identify sources of sulfate in Rocky Mountain snowpacks
M.A. Mast, J.T. Turk, G.P. Ingersoll, D. W. Clow, C.L. Kester
2001, Atmospheric Environment (35) 3303-3313
Stable sulfur isotope ratios and major ions in bulk snowpack samples were monitored at a network of 52 high-elevation sites along and near the Continental Divide from 1993 to 1999. This information was collected to better define atmospheric deposition to remote areas of the Rocky Mountains and to help identify...
Holocene lake-level fluctuations of Lake Aricota, Southern Peru
C. Placzek, Jay Quade, J.L. Betancourt
2001, Quaternary Research (56) 181-190
Lacustrine deposits exposed around Lake Aricota, Peru (17?? 22???S), a 7.5-km2 lake dammed by debris flows, provide a middle to late Holocene record of lake-level fluctuations. Chronological context for shoreline deposits was obtained from radiocarbon dating of vascular plant remains and other datable material with minimal 14C reservoir effects (<350...
Mitochondrial phylogeography, subspecific taxonomy, and conservation genetics of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis; Aves: Gruidae)
J.M. Rhymer, M.G. Fain, J. E. Austin, Douglas H. Johnson, C. Krajewski
2001, Conservation Genetics (2) 203-218
Six subspecies of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) have been denoted based on perceived morphological and/or breeding locality differences among them. Three subspecies are migratory, breeding from the high arctic in North America and Siberia (lesser sandhill, G. c. canadensis), south through central Canada (Canadian sandhill, G. c. rowani) and into...
Identifying determinants of nations' wetland management programs using structural equation modeling: An exploratory analysis
M.K. La Peyre, I.A. Mendelssohn, M.A. Reams, P.H. Templet, J.B. Grace
2001, Environmental Management (27) 859-868
Integrated management and policy models suggest that solutions to environmental issues may be linked to the socioeconomic and political Characteristics of a nation. In this study, we empirically explore these suggestions by applying them to the wetland management activities of nations. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate a model...
A simple stick-slip and creep-slip model for repeating earthquakes and its implication for microearthquakes at Parkfield
N.M. Beeler, D.L. Lockner, S.H. Hickman
2001, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (91) 1797-1804
If repeating earthquakes are represented by circular ruptures, have constant stress drops, and experience no aseismic slip, then their recurrence times should vary with seismic moment as tr ?? Mo1/3. In contrast, the observed variation for small, characteristic repeating earthquakes along a creeping segment of the San Andreas fault at...
Pesticide storage and release in unsaturated soil in Illinois, USA
William R. Roy, I.G. Krapac, Sheng-Fu J. Chou, F.W. Simmons
2001, Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part B Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes (36) 245-260
The chemical fate and movement of pesticides may be subject to transient storage in unsaturated soils during periods of light rainfall, and subsequent release into shallow groundwater by increased rainfall. The objective of this study was to conduct field-scale experiments to determine the relative importance of transient storage and subsequent...
MODIS land data at the EROS data center DAAC
Calli B. Jenkerson, B. C. Reed
2001, Conference Paper, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
The US Geological Survey's (USGS) Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center (EDC) in Sioux Falls, SD, USA, is the primary national archive for land processes data and one of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAAC) for the Earth Observing System (EOS). One of...
Growth and development of larval green frogs (Rana clamitans) exposed to multiple doses of an insecticide
M.D. Boone, C.M. Bridges, B.B. Rothermel
2001, Oecologia (129) 518-524
Our objective was to determine how green frogs (Rana clamitans) are affected by multiple exposures to a sublethal level of the carbamate insecticide, carbaryl, in outdoor ponds. Tadpoles were added to 1,000-l ponds at a low or high density which were exposed to carbaryl 0, 1, 2, or 3 times. Length...
Ontogeny of the stress response in chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
G. Feist, C.B. Schreck
2001, Fish Physiology and Biochemistry (25) 31-40
Whole body concentrations of cortisol were determined via radioimmunoassay in chinook salmon, Onchorynchus tshawytscha, during early development in both stressed and non-stressed fish to determine when the corticosteroidogenic stress response first appeared. Progeny from both pooled and individual females were examined to determine if differences existed in offspring from different...
