Hydrologic indices for nontidal wetlands
Robert M. Lent, Peter K. Weiskel, Forest P. Lyford, David S. Armstrong
1997, Wetlands (17) 19-30
Two sets of hydrologic indices were developed to characterize the water-budget components of nontidal wetlands. The first set consisted of six water-budget indices for input and output variables, and the second set consisted of two hydrologic interaction indices derived from the water-budget indices. The indices then were applied to 19...
Application of the LI-COR CO2 analyzer to volcanic plumes: a case study, volcán Popocatépetl, Mexico, June 7 and 10, 1995
T.M. Gerlach, H. Delgado, K.A. McGee, M.P. Doukas, J.J. Venegas, L. Cardenas
1997, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (102) 8005-8019
Volcanic CO2 emission rate data are sparse despite their potential importance for constraining the role of magma degassing in the biogeochemical cycle of carbon and for assessing volcanic hazards. We used a LI-COR CO2 analyzer to determine volcanic CO2 emission rates by airborne measurements in volcanic plumes at Popocatépetl volcano...
The use of multifrequency and polarimetric SIR-C/X-SAR data in geologic studies of Bir Safsaf, Egypt
G. G. Schaber, J.F. McCauley, C. S. Breed
1997, Remote Sensing of Environment (59) 337-363
Bir Safsaf, within the hyperarid 'core' of the Sahara in the Western Desert of Egypt, was recognized following the SIR-A and SIR-B missions in the 1980s as one of the key localities in northeast Africa, where penetration of dry sand by radar signals delineates previously unknown, sand-buried paleodrainage valleys ('radar-rivers')...
A geologic history of the north-central Appalachians, part 2: The Appalachian basin from the Silurian through the Carboniferous
R. T. Faill
1997, American Journal of Science (297) 729-761
The north-central Appalachians occupy a critical position within the 3000+ km-long Appalachian orogen, lying southwest of the boundary between the central and northern Appalachians (CNAB). The one-billion-year-long history of tectonic activity in the north-central Appalachians includes the assembly and breakup of a late Proterozoic supercontinent, the creation and evolution of...
Ice-sheet sourced juxtaposed turbidite systems in Labrador Sea
R. Hesse, I. Klaucke, William B. F. Ryan, D.J.W. Piper
1997, Geoscience Canada (24) 3-12
Ice-sheet sourced Pleistocene turbidite systems of the Labrador Sea are different from non-glacially influenced systems in their facies distribution and depositional processes. Two large-scale sediment dispersal systems are juxtaposed, one mud-dominated and associated with the Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Channel (NAMOC), the other sand-dominated and forming a huge submarine braided sandplain....
A geologic history of the north-central Appalachians. Part 1. Orogenesis from the Mesoproterozoic through the Taconic orogeny
R. T. Faill
1997, American Journal of Science (297) 551-619
The north-central Appalachians lie just southwest of the boundary between the central/southern and northern Appalachians, occupying a critical position within the 3000+ km-long Appalachian orogen. The history of tectonic activity in the north-central Appalachians spans more than one billion years, from the assembly and breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent, through...
Climatic/Hydrologic Oscillations since 155,000 yr B.P. at Owens Lake, California, Reflected in Abundance and Stable Isotope Composition of Sediment Carbonate
K.M. Menking, J. L. Bischoff, J.A. Fitzpatrick, J.W. Burdette, R. O. Rye
1997, Quaternary Research (48) 58-68
Sediment grain size, carbonate content, and stable isotopes in 70-cm-long (∼1500-yr) channel samples from Owens Lake core OL-92 record many oscillations representing climate change in the eastern Sierra Nevada region since 155,000 yr B.P. To first order, the records match well the marine δ18O record. At Owens Lake, however,...
Jonah field, Sublette County, Wyoming: Gas production from overpressured Upper Cretaceous Lance sandstones of the Green River basin
Scott L. Montgomery, J. W. Robinson
1997, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (81) 1049-1062
Jonah field, located in the northwestern Green River basin, Wyoming, produces gas from overpressured fluvial channel sandstones of the Upper Cretaceous Lance Formation. Reservoirs exist in isolated and amalgamated channel facies 10-100 ft (3-30 m) thick and 150-4000 ft (45-1210 m) wide, deposited by meandering and braided streams. Compositional and...
Modeling structural influences on soil water retention
J. R. Nimmo
1997, Soil Science Society of America Journal (61) 712-719
A new model quantities the effect of soil structure, considered as the arrangement of particles in the soil, on soil water retention. The model partitions the pore space into texture-related and structure-related components, the textural component being what can be deduced to exist if the arrangement of the particles were...
Continents as lithological icebergs: The importance of buoyant lithospheric roots
D.H. Abbott, R. Drury, Walter D. Mooney
1997, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (149) 15-27
An understanding of the formation of new continental crust provides an important guide to locating the oldest terrestrial rocks and minerals. We evaluated the crustal thicknesses of the thinnest stable continental crust and of an unsubductable oceanic plateau and used the...
Composite recovery type curves in normalized time from Theis' exact solution
Daniel J. Goode
1997, Groundwater (35) 672-678
Type curves derived from Theis’ exact nonequilibrium well function solution are proposed for graphical estimation of aquifer hydraulic properties, transmissivity (T), and storage coefficient (S), from water‐level recovery data after cessation of a constant‐rate discharge test. Drawdown (on log scale) is plotted versus the ratio of...
Evaluation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of Renibacterium salmoninarum bacterins affected by persistence of bacterial antigens
R.J. Pascho, T.D. Goodrich, C.L. McKibben
1997, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (9) 99-107
Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were injected intraperitoneally with a bacterin containing killed Renibacterium salmoninarum cells delivered alone or in an oil-based adjuvant. We evaluated the relative abilities of the batterins to prevent the initiation or progression of infection in fish challenged by waterborne exposure to R. salmoninarum. Sixty-one days after...
Discrimination among populations of sockeye salmon fry with Fourier analysis of otolith banding patterns formed during incubation
James E. Finn, Carl V. Burger, Leslie E. Holland-Bartels
1997, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (126) 559-578
We used otolith banding patterns formed during incubation to discriminate among hatchery- and wild-incubated fry of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka from Tustumena Lake, Alaska. Fourier analysis of otolith luminance profiles was used to describe banding patterns: the amplitudes of individual Fourier harmonics were discriminant variables. Correct classification of otoliths to...
Comparison of three qualitative habitat indices and their applicability to prairie streams
J. C. Stauffer, R. M. Goldstein
1997, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (17) 348-361
Qualitative stream habitat indices are important tools in classifying, interpreting, and assessing the conditions of stream ecosystems. Habitat indices are numerical values produced from scoring various features of a stream. Three commonly used habitat indices are the qualitative habitat evaluation index (QHEI), the rapid bioassessment protocols (RBP), and the riparian,...
Potential effects of translatory waves on estimation of peak flows
H. W. Hjalmarson, J. V. Phillips
1997, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (123) 571-575
During the afternoon of August 19, 1971, an intense thunderstorm a few miles southwest of Wikieup, Arizona, produced one of the largest known flood peaks for a 49.2-square-km drainage basin. Initial computations of the peak discharge assumed stable flow conditions and a four-section slope area measurement indicated that discharge was...
Effect of experimental technique on the determination of strontium distribution coefficients of a surficial sediment from the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho
C.H. Hemming, R.L. Bunde, M. J. Liszewski, J.J. Rosentreter, J. Welhan
1997, Water Research (31) 1629-1636
The effect of experimental technique on strontium distribution coefficients (K(d)'s) was determined as part of an investigation of strontium geochemical transport properties of surficial sediment from the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho. The investigation was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey and Idaho State University, in cooperation with the U.S....
Enhancement and inhibition of microbial activity in hydrocarbon- contaminated arctic soils: Implications for nutrient-amended bioremediation
J.F. Braddock, M.L. Ruth, P.H. Catterall, J.L. Walworth, K. A. McCarthy
1997, Environmental Science & Technology (31) 2078-2084
Bioremediation is being used or proposed as a treatment option at many hydrocarbon-contaminated sites. One such site is a former bulk-fuel storage facility near Barrow, AK, where contamination persists after approximately 380 m3 of JP-5 was spilled in 1970. The soil at the site is primarily coarse sand with low...
Arsenic and lead concentrations in the Pond Creek and Fire Clay coal beds, eastern Kentucky coal field
J.C. Hower, J.D. Robertson, A.S. Wong, C.F. Eble, L.F. Ruppert
1997, Applied Geochemistry (12) 281-289
The Middle Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation (Westphalian B) Pond Creek and Fire Clay coal beds are the 2 largest producing coal beds in eastern Kentucky. Single channel samples from 22 localities in the Pond Creek coal bed were obtained from active coal mines in Pike and Martin Countries, Kentucky, and a...
Effects of unsaturated zone on aquifer test analysis in a shallow-aquifer system
K. J. Halford
1997, Groundwater (35) 512-522
A comparison between two hypothetical flow models of an unconfined aquifer, one saturated and the other variably saturated, indicates that the variably saturated model which explicitly models drainage from the unsaturated zone provides a better conceptual framework for analyzing unconfined aquifer test data and better estimates of the lateral and...
Distribution of terminal electron-accepting processes in an aquifer having multiple contaminant sources
P.B. McMahon, B. W. Bruce
1997, Applied Geochemistry (12) 507-516
Concentrations of electron acceptors, electron donors, and H2 in groundwater were measured to determine the distribution of terminal electron-accepting processes (TEAPs) in an alluvial aquifer having multiple contaminant sources. Upgradient contaminant sources included two separate hydrocarbon point sources, one of which contained the fuel oxygenate methyl tertbutyl ether (MTBE). Infiltrating...
Radar and photoclinometric studies of wrinkle ridges on Mars
T. R. Watters, M.S. Robinson
1997, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (102) 10889-10903
Earth-based radar altimetry and image derived photoclinometric profiles were analyzed to examine both the long- and short-wavelength topography associated with wrinkle ridges on Mars. Photoclinometrically derived elevation data across wrinkle ridges were evaluated to determine the sensitivity of profiles to two empirical photoclinometric parameters, the horizontal digital number (HDN) and...
The Bishop Tuff: New insights from eruptive stratigraphy
C. J. N. Wilson, W. Hildreth
1997, Journal of Geology (105) 407-439
The 0.76 Ma Bishop Tuff, from Long Valley caldera in eastern California, consists of a widespread fall deposit and voluminous partly welded ignimbrite. The fall deposit (F), exposed over an easterly sector below and adjacent to the ignimbrite, is divided into nine units (F1‐F9), with no significant time breaks, except...
Seismic source study of the Racha-Dzhava (Georgia) earthquake from aftershocks and broad-band teleseismic body-wave records: An example of active nappe tectonics
H. Fuenzalida, L. Rivera, H. Haessler, D. Legrand, H. Philip, L. Dorbath, D. McCormack, S. Arefiev, C. Langer, A. Cisternas
1997, Geophysical Journal International (130) 29-46
The Racha-Dzhava earthquake (Ms=7.0) that occurred on 1991 April 29 at 09:12:48.1 GMT in the southern border of the Great Caucasus is the biggest event ever recorded in the region, stronger than the Spitak earthquake (Ms=6.9) of 1988. A field expedition to the epicentral area was organised and a...
Selection of summer roosting sites by Indiana bats (Myotis sodalis) in Missouri
E.V. Callahan, R.D. Drobney, R.L. Clawson
1997, Journal of Mammalogy (78) 818-825
Summer roosting sites were studied at four maternity colonies of Indiana bats (Myotis sodalis) in northern Missouri. Colonies of Indiana bats used two types of roosts, primary and alternate, that differed in intensity of use, number, and probable function. Primary roosts were denned as roosts where use by >30 bats...
GSLIB-style programs for discriminant analysis and regionalized classification
Geoffrey C. Bohling
1997, Computers & Geosciences (23) 739-761
Discriminant analysis is a statistical technique used to predict the group membership of a set of multivariate observations, each of which is assumed to arise from one of a set of distinct classes or groups. Each group is characterized by a certain distribution in multivariate space, and group allocations are...
