Stream metabolism increases with drainage area and peaks asynchronously across a stream network
Francine H. Mejia, Alexander K. Fremier, Joseph R. Benjamin, J. Ryan Bellmore, Adrianne Z. Grimm, Grace A. Watson, Michael Newsom
2019, Aquatic Sciences (81) 1-17
Quantifying the spatial and temporal dynamics of stream metabolism across stream networks is key to understanding carbon cycling and stream food web ecology. To better understand intra-annual temporal patterns of gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) and their variability across space, we continuously measured dissolved oxygen and modeled...
Evidence for non-steady-state carbon emissions from snow-scoured alpine tundra
John F. Knowles, Peter D. Blanken, Corey Lawrence, Mark W. Williams
2019, Nature Communications (10)
High-latitude warming is capable of accelerating permafrost degradation and the decomposition of previously frozen carbon. The existence of an analogous high-altitude feedback, however, has yet to be directly evaluated. We address this knowledge gap by coupling a radiocarbon-based model to 7 years (2008–2014) of continuous eddy covariance data from a...
A cautionary tale of topography and tilt from Kilauea Caldera
Jessica A. Johnson, Michael P. Poland, Kyle R. Anderson, Juliet Biggs
2019, Geophysical Research Letters (46) 4221-4229
We conduct finite element analysis to investigate the effect of sharp topography on surface ground deformation caused by pressure changes in a magma reservoir. Tilt data express the horizontal gradient of vertical displacement and therefore can emphasize small variations in deformation that go unnoticed using other methods. We find that...
Relative abundance and molecular evolution of Lake Sinai Virus (Sinaivirus) clades
Robert S. Cornman
2019, PeerJ (7)
Lake Sinai Viruses (Sinaivirus) are commonly detected in honey bees (Apis mellifera) but no disease phenotypes or fitness consequences have yet been demonstrated. This viral group is genetically diverse, lacks obvious geographic structure, and multiple lineages can co-infect individual bees. While phylogenetic analyses have been performed, the molecular evolution...
Validating the performance of occupancy models for estimating habitat use and predicting the distribution of highly-mobile species: A case study using the American black bear
Matthew J. Gould, William R. Gould, James W. Cain III, Gary W. Roemer
2019, Biological Conservation (234) 28-36
Occupancy models have become a valuable tool for estimating wildlife-habitat relationships and for predicting species distributions. Highly-mobile species often violate the assumption that sampling units are geographically closed shifting the probability of occupancy to be interpreted as the probability of use. We used occupancy models, in conjunction with noninvasive sampling,...
Quantitative coseismic and precipitation-induced landslide risk mapping for the country of Lebanon
William Pollock, Joseph Wartman, Grace Abou-Jaoude, Alex R. Grant
2019, Conference Paper, Geo-Congress 2019
Quantitative landslide risk assessment is a key step in creating appropriate land use policies. The forced migration of those displaced by recent events in Syria has highlighted the need for studies to guide humanitarian aid and resettlement policies. In 2011, armed...
Relatedness within and among Myotis septentrionalis colonies at a local scale
W. Mark Ford, Miluska Olivera-Hyde, Alexander Silvis, Eric M. Hallerman, Eric R. Britzke
2019, Canadian Journal of Zoology
Abstract: We assessed parentage within and among maternity colonies of the northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis Troessart 1897) in north-central Kentucky from 2011–2013 to better understand colony social structure, formation, and membership dynamics. We intensively sampled colonies in close and remote (> 10 km) spatial proximity both before and...
Defining the limits of spectrally based bathymetric mapping on a large river
Carl J. Legleiter, Ryan L. Fosness
2019, Remote Sensing (11) 1-29
Remote sensing has emerged as a powerful method of characterizing river systems but is subject to several important limitations. This study focused on defining the limits of spectrally based mapping in a large river. We used multibeam echosounder (MBES) surveys and hyperspectral images from a deep, clear-flowing channel to develop...
Regression models for estimating sediment and nutrient concentrations and loads at the Kankakee River, Shelby, Indiana, December 2015 through May 2018
Timothy R. Lathrop, Aubrey R. Bunch, Myles S. Downhour
2019, Scientific Investigations Report 2019-5005
The Kankakee River in northern Indiana flows through the area once known as the Grand Marsh. Beginning in the 1860s, anthropogenic changes to the river within Indiana resulted in downstream flooding and additional transport of sediment and nutrients. In 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Indiana Department...
State-space analysis of power to detect regional brook trout population trends over time
Kasey C. Pregler, R. Daniel Hanks, Evan S. Childress, Nathaniel P. Hitt, Daniel J. Hocking, Benjamin H. Letcher, Yoichiro Kanno
2019, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (76) 2145-2155
Threats to aquatic biodiversity are expressed at broad spatial scales, but identifying regional trends in abundance is challenging owing to variable sampling designs, and temporal and spatial variation in abundance. We compiled a regional dataset of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis counts across their southern range representing 326 sites from eight...
User’s manual for the Draper climate-distribution software suite with data‑evaluation tools
John M. Donovan, Kathryn M. Koczot
2019, Techniques and Methods 7-C22
Development of a time series of spatially distributed climate data is an important step in the process of developing physically based environmental models requiring distributed inputs of climate data beyond what is available from observations collected at climate stations. To prepare inputs required for model-mapping units across the study area,...
Estimating the energy expenditure of free‐ranging polar bears using tri‐axial accelerometers: A validation with doubly labeled water
Anthony M. Pagano, Terrie M. Williams
2019, Ecology and Evolution (9) 4210-4219
Measures of energy expenditure can be used to inform animal conservation and management, but methods for measuring the energy expenditure of free‐ranging animals have a variety of limitations. Advancements in biologging technologies have enabled the use of dynamic body acceleration derived from accelerometers as a proxy for energy expenditure. Although...
Characteristics and spatial variability of wind noise on near-surface broadband seismometers
S. N. Dybing, Adam T. Ringler, David C. Wilson, Robert Anthony
2019, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (109) 1082-1098
By coupling with the ground, wind causes ground motion that appears on seismic records as noise across a wide bandwidth. This wind-generated noise can drown out important features such as small earthquakes and prevent observation of normal modes from large earthquakes. Because the wind field is heterogeneous at local scales...
Comparison of site dominant frequency from earthquake and microseismic data in California
Behzad Hassani, Alan Yong, Gail M. Atkinson, Tian Feng, Lingseng Meng
2019, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (109) 1034-1040
An important predictive variable for site amplification is the site dominant frequency (ƒd). At seismic monitoring stations, ƒd can be calculated from the peak of the horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratios (HVSRs) obtained from earthquake recordings (eHVSR). For other sites, ƒd can be estimated from microseismic (mHVSR) observations....
Relationships between diatom metrics based on species nutrient traits and agricultural land use
Robert Pillsbury, R. Jan Stevenson, Mark D. Munn, Ian R. Waite
2019, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (191)
We assessed how diatom metrics were related to different ranges of agricultural land use. Diatom assemblage composition, nutrients, and landscape characteristics were determined at 232 sites in eight agriculturally dominated study areas of the continental United States. Two regional groups based on differences in diatom relations to human disturbance were...
Integrated assessment of wastewater reuse, exposure risk, and fish endocrine disruption in the Shenandoah River watershed
Larry B. Barber, Jennifer L. Krstolic, Chintamani Kandel, Steffanie H. Keefe, Jacelyn Rice, Paul Westerhoff, David Bertolatus, Alan M. Vajda
2019, Environmental Science & Technology (53) 3429-3440
Reuse of municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent is an important component in augmenting global freshwater supplies. The Shenandoah River Watershed was selected to conduct on-site exposure experiments to assess endocrine disrupting characteristics of different source waters. This investigation of the Shenandoah River Watershed integrates WWTP wastewater reuse...
Dynamic flood modeling essential to assess the coastal impacts of climate change
Patrick L. Barnard, Li H. Erikson, Amy C. Foxgrover, Juliette A. Finzi Hart, Patrick W. Limber, Andrea C. O'Neill, Maarten van Ormondt, Sean Vitousek, Nathan J. Wood, Maya K. Hayden, Jeanne M. Jones
2019, Scientific Reports (9) 1-13
Coastal inundation due to sea level rise (SLR) is projected to displace hundreds of millions of people worldwide over the next century, creating significant economic, humanitarian, and national-security challenges. However, the majority of previous efforts to characterize potential coastal impacts of climate change have focused primarily on long-term SLR with...
Stability of temperate coral Astrangia poculata microbiome is reflected across different sequencing methodologies
Dawn B. Goldsmith, Zoe A. Pratte, Christina A. Kellogg, Sara E. Snader, Koty H. Sharp
2019, AIMS Microbiology (5) 62-76
The microbiome of the temperate coral Astrangia poculata was first described in 2017 using next-generation Illumina sequencing to examine the coral’s bacterial and archaeal associates across seasons and among hosts of differing symbiotic status. To assess the impact of methodology on the detectable diversity of the coral’s microbiome, we obtained near full-length...
The Missouri groundwater-level observation network
David C. Smith
2019, Fact Sheet 2019-3009
The Missouri groundwater-level observation well network is a series of wells across the State of Missouri in which groundwater levels are monitored in real time and periodically. The wells monitor the water levels in multiple key aquifers, such as the Ozark aquifer in the Salem and Springfield Plateaus and the...
Biogeochemical and physical processes controlling mercury methylation and bioaccumulation in Lake Powell, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Utah and Arizona, 2014 and 2015
David L. Naftz, Mark Marvin-DiPasquale, David P. Krabbenhoft, George Aiken, Eric S. Boyd, Christopher H. Conaway, Jacob M. Ogorek, Gregory M. Anderson
2019, Open-File Report 2018-1159
Mercury monitoring results from about 300 Morone saxatilis (striped bass) muscle tissue samples collected by the State of Utah from Lake Powell resulted in a Utah/Arizona fish consumption advisory issued in 2012 for approximately the lower 100 kilometers of the reservoir. Chemical, physical, and biological data were collected during two...
Do observer fatigue and taxon-bias compromise visual encounter surveys for small vertebrates?
Bjorn Lardner, Amy A. Yackel Adams, Adam J Knox, Julie A. Savidge, Robert Reed
2019, Wildlife Research (46) 127-135
Context. Visual encounter surveying is a standard animal inventory method, modifications of which (e.g. distance sampling and repeated count surveys) are used for modelling population density. However, a variety of factors may bias visual survey counts.Aims. The aim of the present study was to evaluate three observer-related biases: (1)...
Field-level characteristics influence wild bee functional guilds on public lands managed for conservation
A.R. Main, Elisabeth B. Webb, K. W. Goyne, D. Mengel
2019, Global Ecology and Conservation (17)
Throughout the Midwestern US, many public lands set aside for conservation engage in management activities (e.g., agriculture) that may act as stressors on wild bee populations. Several studies have investigated how wild bees respond to large-scale agriculture production; however, there has been limited assessment of how...
Imaging spectroscopy for the detection, assessment and monitoring of natural and anthropogenic hazards
Cindy Ong, Veronique Carrere, Sabine Chabrillat, Roger N. Clark, Todd M. Hoefen, Raymond F. Kokaly, Rodolphe Marion, Carlos Roberto de Souza Filho, Gregg A. Swayze, David R. Thompson
2019, Surveys in Geophysics (40) 431-470
Natural and anthropogenic hazards have the potential to impact all aspects of society including its economy and the environment. Diagnostic data to inform decision-making are critical for hazard management whether for emergency response, routine monitoring or assessments of potential risks. Imaging spectroscopy (IS) has unique contributions...
Black-tailed prairie dog, Cynomys ludovicianus (Sciuridae), metapopulation response to novel sourced conspecific signals
Anna D. Chalfoun, Lauren C. Connell, Lauren M. Porensky, John D. Scasta
2019, Animal Behaviour (150) 189-199
Aggregation of territorial individuals within a species can be facilitated via conspecific signals, wherein settlement implies habitat suitability, ease of resource acquisition and/or increased predator detection. The black-tailed prairie dog is a colonial small mammal with alarm vocalizations that...
Understanding organic matter heterogeneity and maturation rate by Raman spectroscopy
Seyedalireza Khatibi, Mehdi Ostadhassan, Paul C. Hackley, David Tuschel, Arash Abarghani, Bailey Bubach
2019, International Journal of Coal Geology (206) 46-64
Solid organic matter (OM) in sedimentary rocks produces petroleum and solid bitumen when it undergoes thermal maturation. The solid OM is a ‘geomacromolecule’, usually representing a mixture of various organisms with distinct biogenic origins, and can have high heterogeneity in composition. Programmed pyrolysis is a common method to reveal bulk geochemical characteristics of...
