Hydrothermal synthesis of ammonium illite
Vladimir Sucha, F. Elsass, D. D. Eberl, L’. Kuchta, J. Madejova, W.P. Gates, P. Komadel
1998, American Mineralogist (83) 58-67
Synthetic gel and glass of illitic composition, natural kaolinite, and mixed-layer illite-smectite were used as starting materials for hydrothermal synthesis of ammonium illite. Ammonium illite was prepared from synthetic gel by hydrothermal treatment at 300??C. The onset of crystallization began within 3 h, and well-crystallized ammonium illite appeared at 24...
Subsolum weathering profile characteristics as indicators of the relative rank of stratigraphic breaks in till sequences
E. Arthur Bettis III
1998, Quaternary International (51-52) 72-73
[No abstract available]...
Foods of Buller's shearwaters (Puffinus bulleri) associated with driftnet fisheries in the central North Pacific Ocean
P. Gould, P. Ostrom, W. Walker
1998, Notornis (45) 81-93
We examined digestive tract contents and stable nitrogen isotope ratios (??15N) in breast muscles of Buller's shearwaters (Puffinus bulleri) salvaged from squid and largemesh driftnets in the central North Pacific Ocean. The epipelagic Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) was the predominant prey, making up 71% of prey mass in digestive tracts....
Benthic invertebrate distributions in the San Joaquin River, California, in relation to physical and chemical factors
H.V. Leland, S.V. Fend
1998, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (55) 1051-1067
The invertebrate fauna of nontidal portions of the lower San Joaquin River and its major tributaries is described in relation to water quality and habitat using canonical correspondence analysis, autecological metrics, and indicator species analysis. A large-scale (basin-wide) pattern in community response to salinity (sulfate-bicarbonate type) was detected when standardized,...
Early proterozoic evolution of the saskatchewan craton and its allochthonous coyer, trans-hudson Orogen
J. Chiarenzelli, L. Aspler, M. Villeneuve, J. Lewry
1998, Journal of Geology (106) 247-267
The composition, chronology, and structural relations of the Saskatchewan Craton and enveloping mylonitic rocks exposed in basement windows of the Glennie Domain, Trans‐Hudson Orogen, have been determined by geochemical, geochronologic, and structural studies accompanying detailed field mapping. Basement windows lie along the...
Use of indicator items to monitor marine debris on a New Jersey beach from 1991 to 1996
C. A. Ribic
1998, Marine Pollution Bulletin (36) 887-891
The US National Marine Debris Monitoring Program is using indicator items from beach surveys to identify whether amounts of marine debris are changing over time. Indicator items were selected through expert opinion and assumed to reflect the trend of all debris. We used monthly data from a 1991-1996 study of...
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus: transmission from infectious to susceptible rainbow trout fry
J. Bebak, P. E. McAllister, G. Smith
1998, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (10) 287-293
Fry of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were exposed to serotype VR-299 of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) by using a standardized immersion challenge. In concurrent experiments, fish were monitored for 11 d for excretion of IPNV or monitored for 9 d for excretion and transmission of IPNV to...
Maturation of male age-0 Atlantic salmon following a massive, localized flood
B. H. Letcher, T.D. Terrick
1998, Journal of Fish Biology (53) 1243-1252
Maturation of male age-0 Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr in New England, U.S.A. streams is rare (˜5%), but age-0 parr maturation was high (74%) by autumn in the Sawmill River following a massive, localized flood. Maturation was low in two other study streams (3, 7%) in the same year as the flood,...
The effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on freshwater invertebrates: Experiments with a solar simulator
R.D. Hurtubise, J.E. Havel, E. E. Little
1998, Limnology and Oceanography (43) 1082-1088
There is concern that decreases in stratospheric ozone will lead to hazardous levels of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation at the Earth's surface. In clear water, UV-B may penetrate to significant depths. The purpose of the current study was to compare the sensitivity of freshwater invertebrates to UV-B. We used a solar...
Early maritime economy and El Nino events at Quebrada Tacahuay, Peru
D. K. Keefer, Susan D. deFrance, M.E. Moseley, J. B. Richardson III, D.R. Satterlee, A. Day-Lewis
1998, Science (281) 1833-1835
The archaeological site of Quebrada Tacahuay, Peru, dates to 12,700 to 12,500 calibrated years before the present (10,770 to 10,530 carbon-14 years before the present). It contains some of the oldest evidence of maritime- based economic activity in the New World. Recovered materials include a hearth, lithic cutting tools and...
Poroelastic rebound along the Landers 1992 earthquake surface rupture
G. Peltzer, P. Rosen, F. Rogez, K. Hudnut
1998, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (103) 30131-30145
Maps of surface displacement following the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake, generated by interferometric processing of ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, reveal effects of various postseismic deformation processes along the 1992 surface rupture. The large-scale pattern of the postseismic displacement field includes large lobes, mostly visible on the west side...
Effect of zeolite on toxicity of ammonia in freshwater sediments: Implications for toxicity identification evaluation procedures
J.M. Besser, C.G. Ingersoll, E.N. Leonard, D.R. Mount
1998, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (17) 2310-2317
Techniques for reducing ammonia toxicity in freshwater sediments were investigated as part of a project to develop toxicity identification and evaluation (TIE) procedures for whole sediments. Although ammonia is a natural constituent of freshwater sediments, pollution can lead to ammonia concentrations that are toxic to benthic invertebrates, and ammonia can...
The diet of the manatee (Trichechus Manatus) in Puerto Rico
A. A. Mignucci-Giannoni, C.A. Beck
1998, Marine Mammal Science (14) 394-397
[No abstract available]...
Blood sampling techniques for hatchling cheloniid sea turtles
T. Wibbels, J. Hanson, G. Balazs, Z.-M. Hillis-Starr, B. Phillips
1998, Herpetological Review (29) 218-220
[No abstract available]...
Re-Os ages for Archean molybdenite and pyrite, Kuittila-Kivisuo, Finland and Proterozoic molybdenite, Kabeliai, Lithuania: Testing the chronometer in a metamorphic and metasomatic setting
H. J. Stein, K. Sundblad, R.J. Markey, J. W. Morgan, G. Motuza
1998, Mineralium Deposita (33) 329-345
Seven 187Re-187Os ages were determined for molybdenite and pyrite samples from two well-dated Precambrian intrusions in Fennoscandia to examine the sustainability of the Re-Os chronometer in a metamorphic and metasomatic setting. Using a new 187Re decay constant (1.666 x 10-11y-1) with a much improved uncertainty (±0.31%), we determined replicate Re-Os...
Geodynamics of magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE sulfide deposits: New insights from the Re-Os isotope system
D.D. Lambert, J.G. Foster, L.R. Frick, E.M. Ripley, M. L. Zientek
1998, Economic Geology (93) 121-136
In this study, we reassess crustal contamination and sulfide ore-forming processes in some of the largest magmatic ore deposits, using published Re-Os isotope data and a modeling methodology that incorporates the R factor, defined as the effective mass of silicate magma with which a given mass of sulfide magma has...
Chemical weathering in a tropical watershed, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: I. Long-term versus short-term weathering fluxes
A. F. White, A.E. Blum, M. S. Schulz, D.V. Vivit, David A. Stonestrom, M. Larsen, S.F. Murphy, D. Eberl
1998, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (62) 209-226
The pristine Rio Icacos watershed in the Luquillo Mountains in eastern Puerto Rico has the fastest documented weathering rate of silicate rocks on the Earth's surface. A regolith propagation rate of 58 m Ma-1 calculated from iso-volumetric saprolite formation from quartz diorite, is comparable to the estimated denudation rate (25-50...
Magmagenesis at Soufriere volcano St Vincent, Lesser Antilles Arc
E. Heath, R. Macdonald, H. Belkin, C. Hawkesworth, Haraldur Sigurdsson
1998, Journal of Petrology (39) 1721-1764
Soufriere volcano of St Vincent (<0.6 Ma) is composed of basalts and basaltic andesites, the most mafic of which (mg-number 75) may be representative of the parental magmas of the calc-alkaline suites of the Lesser Antilles arc. Parental, possibly primary, magmas at Soufriere had MgO ∼12.5 wt % and...
Pyroclastic flows generated by gravitational instability of the 1996-97 lava dome of Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat
P.D. Cole, E.S. Calder, T. H. Druitt, R. Hoblitt, R. Robertson, R. S. J. Sparks, S.R. Young
1998, Geophysical Research Letters (25) 3425-3428
Numerous pyroclastic flows were produced during 1996-97 by collapse of the growing andesitic lava dome at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat. Measured deposit volumes from these flows range from 0.2 to 9 ?? 106 m3. Flows range from discrete, single pulse events to sustained large scale dome collapse events. Flows entered...
The deep structure of a sea-floor hydrothermal deposit
R.A. Zierenberg, Y. Fouquet, D. J. Miller, J.M. Bahr, P.A. Baker, T. Bjerkgard, C.A. Brunner, R.C. Duckworth, R. Gable, J. Gieskes, W.D. Goodfellow, H. M. Groschel-Becker, G. Guerin, J. Ishibashi, G. Iturrino, R.H. James, K.S. Lackschewitz, L.L. Marquez, P. Nehlig, J.M. Peter, C.A. Rigsby, P. Schultheiss, Wayne C. Shanks III, Bernd R. T. Simoneit, M. Summit, D.A.H. Teagle, M. Urbat, G.G. Zuffa
1998, Nature (392) 485-488
Hydrothermal circulation at the crests of mid-ocean ridges plays an important role in transferring heat from the interior of the Earth. A consequence of this hydrothermal circulation is the formation of metallic ore bodies known as volcanic-associated massive sulphide deposits. Such deposits, preserved on land, were important sources of copper...
Geochemical and geochronological constraints on the genesis of Au-Te deposits at Cripple Creek, Colorado
K.D. Kelley, S.B. Romberger, D.W. Beaty, J.A. Pontius, L.W. Snee, H. J. Stein, T.B. Thompson
1998, Economic Geology (93) 981-1012
The Cripple Creek district (653 metric tons (t) of Au) consists of Au-Te veins and disseminated gold deposits that are spatially related to alkaline igneous rocks in an Oligocene intrusive complex. Vein paragenesis includes quartz-biotite-K feldspar-fluorite-pyrite followed by base metal sulfides and telluride minerals. Disseminated deposits consist of microcrystalline native...
CAM Photosynthesis in Submerged Aquatic Plants
Jon E. Keeley
1998, Botanical Review (64) 121-175
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a CO2-concentrating mechanism selected in response to aridity in terrestrial habitats, and, in aquatic environments, to ambient limitations of carbon. Evidence is reviewed for its presence in five genera of aquatic vascular plants, including Isoe??tes, Sagittaria, Vallisneria, Crassula, and Littorella. Initially, aquatic CAM was considered...
Effect of enhanced manganese oxidation in the hyporheic zone on basin-scale geochemical mass balance
Judson W. Harvey, Christopher C. Fuller
1998, Water Resources Research (34) 623-636
We determined the role of the hyporheic zone (the subsurface zone where stream water and shallow groundwater mix) in enhancing microbially mediated oxidation of dissolved manganese (to form manganese precipitates) in a drainage basin contaminated by copper mining. The fate of manganese is of overall importance to water quality in...
Results from the Mars global surveyor thermal emission spectrometer
P. R. Christensen, D.L. Anderson, S.C. Chase, R.T. Clancy, R. N. Clark, B.J. Conrath, H. H. Kieffer, R.O. Kuzmin, M. C. Malin, J.C. Pearl, T. L. Roush, M. D. Smith
1998, Science (279) 1692-1696
The Thermal Emission Spectrometer spectra of low albedo surface materials suggests that a four to one mixture of pyroxene to plagioclase, together with about a 35 percent dust component provides the best fit to the spectrum. Qualitative upper limits can be placed on the concentration of carbonates (<10 percent), olivine...
Consolidation patterns during initiation and evolution of a plate-boundary decollement zone: Northern Barbados accretionary prism
J.C. Moore, A. Klaus, N.L. Bangs, B. Bekins, C.J. Bucker, W. Bruckmann, S.N. Erickson, O. Hansen, T. Horton, P. Ireland, C.O. Major, Gregory F. Moore, S. Peacock, S. Saito, E.J. Screaton, J.W. Shimeld, P.H. Stauffer, T. Taymaz, P.A. Teas, T. Tokunaga
1998, Geology (26) 811-814
Borehole logs from the northern Barbados accretionary prism show that the plate-boundary decollement initiates in a low-density radiolarian claystone. With continued thrusting, the decollement zone consolidates, but in a patchy manner. The logs calibrate a three-dimensional seismic reflection image of the decollement zone and indicate which portions are of low...
