Environmental factors influencing entry of fishes into a Great Lakes tributary during spring and summer
Erin L. McCann, Nicholas S. Johnson, Daniel P. Zielinski
2018, Report
Stream entry of many fishes is influenced by environmental factors including water temperature, stream discharge, and photoperiod (Leggett 1977; Jonsson 1991). Environmental factors influence stream entry differently depending on the species and life stage of fish, likely because of varying physiologies and life histories (Lucas and Baras 2008). Many spring-run...
Optimizing a remote sensing production efficiency model for macro-scale GPP and yield estimation in agroecosystems
Michael Marshall, Kevin Tu, Jesslyn F. Brown
2018, Remote Sensing of Environment (217) 258-271
Earth observation data are increasingly used to provide consistent eco-physiological information over large areas through time. Production efficiency models (PEMs) estimate Gross Primary Production (GPP) as a function of the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the canopy, which is derived from Earth observation. GPP can be summed over the growing season and...
A multidisciplinary-based conceptual model of a fractured sedimentary bedrock aquitard: improved prediction of aquitard integrity
Anthony C. Runkel, Robert G. Tipping, Jessica R. Meyer, Julia R. Steenberg, Andrew J. Retzler, Beth L. Parker, Jeff A. Green, John D. Barry, Perry M. Jones
2018, Hydrogeology Journal (26) 2133-2159
A hydrogeologic conceptual model that improves understanding of variability in aquitard integrity is presented for a fractured sedimentary bedrock unit in the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system of midcontinent North America. The model is derived from multiple studies on the siliciclastic St. Lawrence Formation and adjacent strata across a range of scales...
Terrestrial wetlands
Randall Kolka, Carl Trettin, Wenwu Tang, Ken W. Krauss, Sheel Bansal, Judith Z. Drexler, Kimberly P. Wickland, Rodney A. Chimner, Dianna M. Hogan, Emily Pindilli, Brian Benscoter, Brian Tangen, Evan S. Kane, Scott D. Bridgham, Curtis J. Richardson
2018, Report, Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR2): A Sustained Assessment Report
1. The assessment of terrestrial wetland carbon stocks has improved greatly since the First State of the Carbon Cycle Report (CCSP 2007) because of recent national inventories and the development of a U.S. soils database. Terrestrial wetlands in North America encompass an estimated 2.2 million km2, which constitutes about 37%...
A 3,000‐year lag between the geological and ecological shutdown of Florida's coral reefs
Lauren T. Toth, Ilsa B. Kuffner, Anastasios Stathakopoulos, Eugene A. Shinn
2018, Global Change Biology (24) 5471-5483
The global‐scale degradation of coral reefs has reached a critical threshold wherein further declines threaten both ecological functionality and the persistence of reef structure. Geological records can provide valuable insights into the long‐term controls on reef development that may be key to solving the modern coral‐reef crisis. Our analyses of...
Age and growth of a native, lightly exploited population of Coregonus clupeaformis (Lake Whitefish) in a small natural lake in Maine
Daniel M. Weaver, Silas K. Ratten, Stephen M. Coghlan, Graham D. Sherwood, Joseph D. Zydlewski
2018, Northeastern Naturalist (25) 599-610
We assessed annual growth of Coregonus clupeaformis (Lake Whitefish) from a natural, lightly exploited population in a small lake in northern Maine using observed and back-calculated length-at-age data. We sampled Lake Whitefish from Clear Lake, ME, with gill nets and extracted otoliths from 57 fish. We incorporated age-at-length data into...
Magmatic origin for sediment-hosted Au deposits, Guizhou Province, China: In situ chemistry and sulfur isotope composition of pyrites, Shuiyindong and Jinfeng deposits
Zhuojun Xie, Yong Xia, Jean Cline, Michael J. Pribil, Alan Koenig, Qingping Tan, Dongtian Wei, Zepeng Wang, Jun Yan
2018, Economic Geology (7) 1627-1652
The southwest Guizhou Province, China, contains numerous sediment-hosted Au deposits with Au reserves greater than 700 tonnes. To date, the source of ore fluids that formed the Guizhou sediment-hosted Au deposits is controversial, hampering the formulation of genetic models. In this study, we selected the Shuiyindong and Jinfeng Au deposits,...
Modeling morphodynamic development in the Alviso Slough system, South San Francisco Bay, California
Mick Van der Wegen, Johan Reyes, Bruce Jaffe, Amy Foxgrover
2018, Report
Alviso Slough area, South San Francisco Bay, California, is the site of an ongoing effort to restore former salt production ponds to intertidal habitat. As restoration proceeds and the levees surrounding the former salt production ponds are breached, the increase in tidal prism and associated sediment scour in the sloughs...
It matters when you measure it: Using snow-cover Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to isolate post-fire conifer regeneration
Melanie K. Vanderhoof, Todd Hawbaker
2018, International Journal of Wildland Fire (27) 815-830
Landsat Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is commonly used to monitor post-fire green-up; however, most studies do not distinguish new growth of conifer from deciduous or herbaceous species, despite potential consequences for local climate, carbon and wildlife. We found that dual season (growing and snow cover) NDVI...
Adapting management to a changing world: Warm temperatures, dry soil, and interannual variability limit restoration success of a dominant woody shrub in temperate drylands
Robert K. Shriver, Caitlin M. Andrews, David S. Pilliod, Robert Arkle, Justin L. Welty, Matthew J. Germino, Michael C. Duniway, David A. Pyke, John B. Bradford
2018, Global Change Biology (24) 4972-4982
Restoration and rehabilitation of native vegetation in dryland ecosystems, which encompass over 40% of terrestrial ecosystems, is a common challenge that continues to grow as wildfire and biological invasions transform dryland plant communities. The difficulty in part stems from low and variable precipitation, combined with limited understanding about how weather...
Tropical storm-induced landslide potential using combined field monitoring and numerical modeling
Pan Chen, Ning Lu, Giuseppe Formetta, Jonathan W. Godt, Alexandra Wayllace
2018, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering (144) 1-12
When heavy rainfall, such as that associated with tropical storms, falls on steep hillsides, shallow landslides are often one of the damaging consequences. To assess landslide potential from heavy rainfall, a strategy of combined numerical simulation and field monitoring of variably saturated hillslope conditions is developed. To...
Challenges and opportunities developing mathematical models of shared pathogens of domestic and wild animals
Kathryn P. Huyvaert, Robin E. Russell, Kelly A. Patyk, Meggan E. Craft, Paul C. Cross, M. Graeme Garner, Michael K. Martin, Pauline Nol, Daniel P. Walsh
2018, Veterinary Sciences (5)
Diseases that affect both wild and domestic animals can be particularly difficult to prevent, predict, mitigate, and control. Such multi-host diseases can have devastating economic impacts on domestic animal producers and can present significant challenges to wildlife populations, particularly for populations of conservation concern. Few mathematical models exist that capture...
Evaluating flow management as a strategy to recover an endangered sturgeon species in the Upper Missouri River, USA
Susannah O. Erwin, Edward A. Bulliner, Craig J Fischenich, Robert B. Jacobson, Patrick Braaten, Aaron J. DeLonay
2018, River Research and Applications (34) 1254-1266
In the Upper Missouri River, Fort Peck and Garrison Dams limit the length of free‐flowing river available to the endangered pallid sturgeon. These barriers restrict the upstream migration of adults and downstream larval dispersal. A one‐dimensional (1D) modelling framework is currently in use to evaluate reservoir operation alternatives and to...
Using heat as a tracer to determine groundwater seepage in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, April–November, 2017
Eric D. Swain, Scott T. Prinos
2018, Open-File Report 2018-1151
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the St. Johns River Water Management District, conducted a study to examine water fluxes in two small study areas in the Indian River Lagoon. Vertical arrays of temperature sensors were placed at multiple locations in the lagoon bed to measure temperature time series...
Hidden cost of disease in a free‐ranging ungulate: brucellosis reduces mid‐winter pregnancy in elk
Gavin G. Cotterill, Paul C. Cross, Arthur D. Middleton, Jared D. Rogerson, Brandon Scurlock, Johan T. Du Toit
2018, Ecology and Evolution (8) 10733-10742
Demonstrating disease impacts on the vital rates of free‐ranging mammalian hosts typically requires intensive, long‐term study. Evidence for chronic pathogens affecting reproduction but not survival is rare, but has the potential for wide‐ranging effects. Accurately quantifying disease‐associated reductions in fecundity is important for advancing theory, generating accurate predictive models, and...
Flooding tolerance of Sagittaria latifolia and Sagittaria rigida under controlled laboratory conditions
Kevin P. Kenow, Brian R. Gray, James E. Lyons
2018, River Research and Applications (34) 1024-1031
Pool‐scale growing‐season water‐level reductions (drawdowns) have been implemented on the Upper Mississippi River in an effort to improve fish and wildlife habitat. Aquatic vegetation is a key habitat component, with perennial emergent species, such as Sagittaria latifolia and Sagittaria rigida, especially important. River managers have assumed the need for continuous drawdown during the...
Probabilistic substrate classification with multispectral acoustic backscatter: A comparison of discriminative and generative models
Daniel D. Buscombe, Paul E. Grams
2018, Geosciences (8) 1-21
We propose a probabilistic graphical model for discriminative substrate characterization, to support geological and biological habitat mapping in aquatic environments. The model, called a fully-connected conditional random field (CRF), is demonstrated using multispectral and monospectral acoustic backscatter from heterogeneous seafloors in Patricia Bay, British Columbia, and Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia....
Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic exhumation of the western Brooks Range, Alaska, revealed from apatite and zircon fission track data
William H. Craddock, Thomas E. Moore, Paul O'Sullivan, Christopher J. Potter, David W. Houseknecht
2018, Tectonics (37) 4714-4751
We report data for 112 apatite and 31 zircon fission track (AFT and ZFT) outcrop sandstone samples along a transect that spans the western Brooks Range. Sampling targeted structures that modify the Middle Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous early Brookian orogen. The AFT samples record latest Cretaceous to Eocene...
Correcting spacecraft jitter in HiRISE images
S.S. Sutton, A.K. Boyd, Randolph L. Kirk, Debbie Cook, Jean Backer, A. Fennema, R. Heyd, A.S. McEwen, S.D. Mirchandani
2018, Book chapter, Planetary remote sensing and mapping
Mechanical oscillations or vibrations on spacecraft, also called pointing jitter, cause geometric distortions and/or smear in high-resolution digital images acquired from orbit. Geometric distortion is especially a problem with pushbroom sensors, such as the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) instrument on-board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). Geometric distortions occur...
Effects of an extreme flood event on federally endangered Diamond Darter abundances
Stuart A. Welsh
2018, The American Midland Naturalist (180) 108-118
Extreme flood events can substantially affect riverine systems, modifying instream habitat and influencing fish assemblages and densities. Rare species are especially vulnerable to these disturbance events because of their small population size and often reduced phenotypic heterogeneity. In June 2016 the lower Elk River in West Virginia experienced severe...
River network saturation concept: factors influencing the balance of biogeochemical supply and demand of river networks
W.M. Wollheim, S. Bernal, Douglas A. Burns, J.A. Czuba, C.T. Driscoll, A.T. Hansen, R.T. Hensley, J.D. Hosen, Shreeram Inamdar, S.S. Kaushall, L. E. Koenig, Y. H. Lu, A. Marzadri, P. A. Raymond, D. Scott, R.J. Stewart, P.G. Vidon, E. Wohl
2018, Biogeochemistry (141) 503-521
River networks modify material transfer from land to ocean. Understanding the factors regulating this function for different gaseous, dissolved, and particulate constituents is critical to quantify the local and global effects of climate and land use change. We propose the River Network Saturation (RNS) concept as a generalization of how...
Watershed ‘chemical cocktails’: forming novel elemental combinations in Anthropocene fresh waters
Sujay S. Kaushal, Arthur J. Gold, Susana Bernal, Tammy A. Newcomer Johnson, Kelly Addy, Amy Burgin, Douglas A. Burns, Ashley A. Coble, Eran W. Hood, Yuehan Lu, Paul Mayer, Elizabeth C. Minor, Andrew W. Schroth, Philippe Vidon, Henry F. Wilson, Marguerite A. Xenopolous, Thomas Doody, Joseph G. Galella, Phillip Goodling, Katherine Haviland, Shahan Haq, Barret Wessel, Kelsey L. Wood, Norbert Jaworski, Kenneth T. Belt
2018, Biogeochemistry (141) 281-305
In the Anthropocene, watershed chemical transport is increasingly dominated by novel combinations of elements, which are hydrologically linked together as ‘chemical cocktails.’ Chemical cocktails are novel because human activities greatly enhance elemental concentrations and their probability for biogeochemical interactions and shared transport along hydrologic flowpaths. A new chemical cocktail approach...
Comment on “The earliest modern humans outside Africa”
Warren D. Sharp, James B. Paces
2018, Science (362) 1-2
Hershkovitz et al. (Reports, 26 January 2018, p. 456) interpreted the Misliya-1 fossil maxilla as evidence of the earliest known anatomically modern human outside Africa. However, the fossil’s reported age of 177,000 to 194,000 years relies on flawed interpretations of uranium-series data. We contend that those data support a minimum age...
A dirty dozen ways to die: Metrics and modifiers of mortality driven by drought and warming for a tree species
David D. Breshears, Charles J. W. Carroll, Miranda D. Redmond, Andreas P. Wion, Craig D. Allen, Neil S. Cobb, Nashelly Meneses, Jason P. Field, Luke A. Wilson, Darin J. Law, Lindsie M. McCabe, Olivia Newell-Bauer
2018, Frontiers in Forests and Global Change (1)
Tree mortality events driven by drought and warmer temperature, often amplified by pests and pathogens, are emerging as one of the predominant climate change impacts on plants. Understanding and predicting widespread tree mortality events in the future is vital as they affect ecosystem goods and services provided by forests and...
Evidence for geographic variation in life-cycle processes affecting phenology of the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in the United States
Nicholas H. Ogden, Genevieve Pang, Howard S. Ginsberg, Graham J. Hickling, Russell L. Burke, Lorenza Beati, Jean I. Tsao
2018, Journal of Medical Entomology (55) 1386-1401
The seasonal activity pattern of immature Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae) varies geographically in the United States, which may affect the efficiency of transmission cycles of pathogens transmitted by this species. To study the factors that determine seasonality, a multiyear study at seven sites across the geographic range of I. scapularis systematically collected questing...
