Grain-size-induced weakening of H2O ices I and II and associated anisotropic recrystallization
L.A. Stern, W.B. Durham, S. H. Kirby
1997, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (102) 5313-5325
Grain-size-dependent flow mechanisms tend to be favored over dislocation creep at low differential stresses and can potentially influence the rheology of low-stress, low-strain rate environments such as those of planetary interiors. We experimentally investigated the effect of reduced grain size on the solid-state flow of water ice I, a principal...
Cutthroat trout avoidance of metals and conditions characteristic of a mining waste site: Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho
Daniel F. Woodward, Jack N. Goldstein, Aida M. Farag, William G. Brumbaugh
1997, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (126) 699-706
The South Fork basin of the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho has been an area of heavy mining activity since the 1880s. The mining operations have resulted in elevated concentrations of metals in surface water, most notably cadmium, lead, zinc, and, to a lesser extent, copper. The metals affected surface water...
Incorporation of rare earth elements in titanite: Stabilization of the A2/a dimorph by creation of antiphase boundaries
J.M. Hughes, E.S. Bloodaxe, J.M. Hanchar, E.E. Foord
1997, American Mineralogist (82) 512-516
The atomic arrangement of a natural rare-earth-rich titanite and two synthetic rare-earth-doped titanites have been refined in space group A2/a, and the atomic arrangement of an undoped P21/a synthetic titanite was also refined for comparison. Previous work has shown that titanite possesses a domain structure, with domains formed of like-displaced...
Map design and production issues for the Utah Gap Analysis Project
John A. Hutchinson, J. H. Wittmann
1997, Cartography and Geographic Information Science (24) 91-100
The cartographic preparation and printing of four maps for the Utah GAP Project presented a wide range of challenges in cartographic design and production. In meeting these challenges, the map designers had to balance the purpose of the maps together with their legibility and utility against both the researchers' desire...
How wide is a road? The association of roads and mass-wasting in a forested montane environment
M. C. Larsen, J.E. Parks
1997, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (22) 835-848
A spatial data base of 1609 landslides was analysed using a geographic information system to determine landslide frequency in relation to highways. A 126 km long transportation network in a 201km2 area of humid-tropical, mountainous, forested terrain in Puerto Rico was used in conjunction with a series of 20 buffer...
The interaction of spatial scale and predator-prey functional response
T.W. Blaine, D.L. DeAngelis
1997, Ecological Modelling (95) 319-328
Predator-prey models with a prey-dependent functional response have the property that the prey equilibrium value is determined only by predator characteristics. However, in observed natural systems (for instance, snail-periphyton interactions in streams) the equilibrium periphyton biomass has been shown experimentally to be influenced by both snail numbers and levels of...
Using otoliths and scales to describe age and growth of Yellowstone cutthroat trout in a high-elevation stream system, Wyoming
C.G. Kruse, W.A. Hubert, F.J. Rahel
1997, Northwest Science (71) 30-38
Estimates of age and lengths at specific ages of Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri Richardson) were made using otoliths and scales. Fish were sampled from 17 high-elevation streams in the Greybull River drainage, Wyoming. Variation in estimates of age within and among three readers were assessed using both structures....
Fault-zone guided waves from explosions in the San Andreas fault at Parkfield and Cienega Valley, California
Y.-G. Li, W.L. Ellsworth, C.H. Thurber, P.E. Malin, K. Aki
1997, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (87) 210-221
Fault-zone guided waves were successfully excited by near-surface explosions in the San Andreas fault zone both at Parkfield and Cienega Valley, central California. The guided waves were observed on linear, three-component seismic arrays deployed across the fault trace. These waves were not excited...
Age and significance of earthquake-induced liquefaction near Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
J. J. Clague, E. Naesgaard, A.R. Nelson
1997, Canadian Geotechnical Journal (34) 53-62
In late 1994, sand dykes, large sand blows, and deformed strata were exposed in the walls of an excavation at Annacis Island on the Fraser River delta near Vancouver, British Columbia. The features record liquefaction during a large earthquake about 1700 years ago; this was perhaps the largest earthquake to...
The effect of functional response on stability of a grazer population on a landscape
A.D. Basset, D.L. DeAngelis, J.E. Diffendorfer
1997, Ecological Modelling (101) 153-162
The dynamics of interacting consumer and resource populations is one of the most thoroughly studied problems of theoretical population biology. Among the key results from the study of simple mathematical models of interacting populations is that the Holling Type 2 functional response tends to be unstable for a wide range...
Occurrence and significance of Silurian K-bentonite beds at Arisaig, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada
Stig M. Bergstrom, W.D. Huff, Dennis R. Kolata, Michael J. Melchin
1997, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (34) 1630-1643
The most extensive succession of K-bentonite beds known in the Silurian of North America occurs at Arisaig on the northern coast of Nova Scotia. At least 40 ash beds are present in the Llandoverian Ross Brook Formation and at least four in the early Ludlovian McAdam Brook Formation. Most of...
Adsorption of SO2 on bituminous coal char and activated carbon fiber
Joseph A. DeBarr, Anthony A. Lizzio, Michael A. Daley
1997, Energy and Fuels (11) 267-271
The SO2 adsorption behaviors of activated carbons produced from Illinois coal and of commercially prepared activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were compared. There was no relation between surface area of coal-based carbons and SO2 adsorption, whereas adsorption of SO2 on the series of ACFs was inversely proportional to N2 BET surface...
Daily air temperature interpolated at high spatial resolution over a large mountainous region
R. Dodson, D. Marks
1997, Climate Research (8) 1-20
Two methods are investigated for interpolating daily minimum and maximum air temperatures (Tmin and Tmax) at a 1 km spatial resolution over a large mountainous region (830000 km2) in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. The methods were selected because of their ability to (1) account for the effect of elevation on temperature and...
Population viability analysis of the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris), 1976-1991
M. Marmontel, S.R. Humphrey, T. J. O'Shea
1997, Conservation Biology (11) 467-481
Recent development of age-determination techniques for Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) has permitted derivation of age-specific data on reproduction and survival of a sample of 1212 carcasses obtained throughout Florida from 1976–1991. Population viability analysis using these data projects a slightly negative growth rate (−0.003) and an unacceptably low probability...
What a = 1/298 and C/Ma2 = 0.333 really tell us about the Earth
J. F. Evernden
1997, Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth (33) 162-170
The discussion in the several versions of The Earth by Jeffreys (third edition, 1952, for example) [1] relative to the ellipticity of the Earth does not demonstrate, as generally believed, that the Earth has the shape of a rotating liquid. His development in conjunction with the work of H. Lamb...
Geochemical mass balances of major elements in Lake Baikal
E. Callender, L. Granina
1997, Limnology and Oceanography (42) 148-155
Major element mass balances for Lake Baikal are calculated with mostly previously published data for soluble fluxes and new, unpublished data for riverine suspended particulate matter chemistry. Physical transport seems to be the most important riverine process. The elements Ca, Mg, and Na seem to be very mobile in the...
Power distribution in complex environmental negotiations: Does balance matter?
N. Burkardt, B. L. Lamb, J. G. Taylor
1997, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory (7) 247-275
We studied six interagency negotiations covering Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) hydroelectric power licenses. Negotiations occurred between state and federal resource agencies and developers over project operations and natural resource mitigation. We postulated that a balance of power among parties was necessary for successful negotiations. We found a complex relationship...
Sturgeon rivers: An introduction to acipenseriform biogeography and life history
W. E. Bemis, Boyd Kynard
1997, Environmental Biology of Fishes (48) 167-183
We present an overview of the global distribution of all 27 living species of Acipenseriformes in an attempt to understand their biogeographic history and the range of life history patterns displayed by different species. Our biogeographic analysis (based on the most recent phylogenetic analysis including fossil Acipenseriformes) suggests that Acipenseriformes...
A rop net and removable walkway used to quantitatively sample fishes over wetland surfaces in the dwarf mangrove of the Southern Everglades
J.J. Lorenz, C.C. McIvor, G.V.N. Powell, P. C. Frederick
1997, Wetlands (17) 346-359
We describe a 9 m2 drop net and removable walkways designed to quantify densities of small fishes in wetland habitats with low to moderate vegetation density. The method permits the collection of small, quantitative, discrete samples in ecologically sensitive areas by combining rapid net deployment from fixed sites with the carefully...
Source-sink dynamics and the coexistence of species on a single resource
M. Loreau, D.L. DeAngelis
1997, Theoretical Population Biology (51) 79-93
We investigate the potential for coexistence of species that compete for a shared resource when the resource occurs in both a source area acting as a refuge and a sink area where it is used by the competing species. Our model shows that the mixing rate between the source and...
Effects of habitat suitability on the survival of relocated freshwater mussels
Hannah M. Hamilton, Jayne Brim-Box, Robert M. Dorazio
1997, Regulated Rivers: Research & Management (13) 537-541
Freshwater mussels are often relocated from existing beds for both conservation and management reasons. In this study, we empirically tested whether the habitat type at the destination site was important in predicting the success of mussel relocation. In 1993, four species of freshwater mussels were relocated in the Apalachicola River...
Sea-floor geology of a part of Mamala Bay, Hawai'i
M. A. Hampton, M.E. Torresan, J. H. Barber Jr.
1997, Pacific Science (51) 54-75
We surveyed the sea-floor geology within a 200-km2 area of Mamala Bay, off Honolulu, Hawai'i, by collecting and analyzing sidescan sonar images, 3.5kHz profiles, video and still visual images, and box-core samples. The study area extends from 20-m water depth on the insular shelf to 600-m water depth in a...
Clutch size and frequency in Florida box turtles (Terrapene carolina bauri): Implications for conservation
C.K. Dodd Jr.
1997, Chelonian Conservation and Biology (2) 370-377
Abstract not supplied at this time...
Prey patchiness and larval fish growth and survival: inferences from an individual-based model
Benjamin H. Letcher, James A. Rice
1997, Ecological Modelling (95) 29-43
We used an individual-based simulation model to evaluate how prey patchiness and fish swimming behavior affect larval fish survival and mortality source (predation or starvation). Simulations revealed that cohort survival increased linearly with greater average patch residence times and that patch residence times for individual fish with different fates (survived,...
Manipulations of the reproductive system of fishes by means of exogenous chemicals
R. Patino
1997, Progressive Fish-Culturist (59) 118-128
Environmental control of reproductive activity of captive fish is feasible (or potentially feasible) but, with few exceptions, is currently impractical for most species. Therefore, chemical methods of manipulating reproductive activity continue to be widely used in fish production operations worldwide. However, the control of fish reproduction in captivity cannot be...
