Seepage through a hazardous-waste trench cover
R. W. Healy
1989, Journal of Hydrology (108) 213-234
Water movement through a waste-trench cover under natural conditions at a low-level radioactive waste disposal site in northwestern Illinois was studied from July 1982 to June 1984, using tensiometers, a moisture probe, and meteorological instruments. Four methods were used to estimate seepage: the Darcy, zero-flux plane, surface-based water-budget, and groundwater-based...
The potential of paleozoic nonmarine trace fossils for paleoecological interpretations
C.G. Maples, A.W. Archer
1989, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (73) 185-195
Many Late Paleozoic environments have been interpreted as marine because of the co-occurrence of supposedly exclusively marine trace fossils. Beginning in the Late Ordovician, however, nonmarine trace-fossil diversity increased throughout the Paleozoic. This diversification of nonmarine organisms and nonmarine trace fossils was especially prevalent in Devonian and later times. Diversification...
The Richter scale: its development and use for determining earthquake source parameters
David M. Boore
1989, Tectonophysics (166) 1-14
The ML scale, introduced by Richter in 1935, is the antecedent of every magnitude scale in use today. The scale is defined such that a magnitude-3 earthquake recorded on a Wood-Anderson torsion seismometer at a distance of 100 km would write a record with a peak excursion of 1 mm....
Stratigraphy and depositional history of the Pliocene Bianco section, Calabria, southern Italy
D. Rio, R. Thunell, R. Sprovieri, D. Bukry, E. Destefano, M. Howell, I. Raffi, C. Sancetta, A. Sanfilippo
1989, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (76) 85-105
An integrated micropaleontological and geochemical study was carried out on the Pliocene-age Bianco section located in Calabria, southern Italy. This section is somewhat unique for the Pliocene of the Mediterranean region in that it contains abundant calcareous and siliceous microfossils. Based on the biostratigraphic findings, it ranges in age from...
Geology of the Zambales ophiolite, Luzon, Philippines
Darwin L. Rossman, G.C. Castanada, G.C. Bacuta
1989, Tectonophysics (168) 1-22
The Zambales ophiolite of western Luzon, Philippines, exposes a typical succession of basalt flows, diabasic dikes, gabbro and tectonized harzburgite. The age established by limiting strata is late Eocene. Lack of evidence of thrust faulting and the general domal disposition of the lithologie units indicate that the ophiolitic rocks are...
Dikes, joints, and faults in the upper mantle
H. G. Wilshire, S. H. Kirby
1989, Tectonophysics (161) 23-31
Three different types of macroscopic fractures are recognized in upper-mantle and lower-crustal xenoliths in volcanic rocks from around the world: 1. (1) joints that are tensile fractures not occupied by crystallized magma products 2. (2) dikes that are tensile fractures occupied by mafic magmas crystallized to pyroxenites, gabbros or hydrous-mineral-rich...
United States National seismograph network
Robert P. Masse, J.R. Filson, A. Murphy
1989, Tectonophysics (167) 133-138
The USGS National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) has planned and is developing a broadband digital seismograph network for the United States. The network will consist of approximately 150 seismograph stations distributed across the contiguous 48 states and across Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Data transmission will be...
Variations in fluvial style in the Westwater Canyon Member, Morrison formation (Jurassic), San Juan basin, Colorado plateau
A.D. Miall, Christine E. Turner-Peterson
1989, Sedimentary Geology (63) 21-60
Techniques of architectural element analysis and lateral profiling have been applied to the fluvial Westwater Canyon Member of the Morrison Formation (Jurassic) in southern San Juan Basin. On a large scale, the sandstone-body architecture consists mainly of a series of tabular sandstone sheets 5–15 m thick and hundreds of meters...
Evidence against pervasively deformed bed material beneath rapidly moving lobes of the southern Laurentide Ice Sheet
L. Clayton, D.M. Mickelson, J.W. Attig
1989, Sedimentary Geology (62) 203-208
During the Wisconsin Glaciation, the ice lobes of the southern part of the Laurentide Ice Sheet moved rapidly as the result of elevated subglacial water pressure. The rapid movement was probably not accompanied by wide-spread pervasive deformation of unfrozen material under the ice. The till stratigraphy of much of this...
Late Wisconsin landform distribution and glacier-bed conditions in Wisconsin
J.W. Attig, D.M. Mickelson, L. Clayton
1989, Sedimentary Geology (62) 399-405
The late Wisconsin Laurentide Ice Sheet advanced across permafrost and reached its maximum extent in Wisconsin between about 18,000 and 15,000 years ago. Deep permafrost persisted in southern Wisconsin until about 14,000 years ago and in northern Wisconsin until about 13,000 years ago. We suggest that during maximum glaciation a...
Lower Permian sediment-gravity-flow sequence, eastern California
C.H. Stevens, Michael S. Lico, Paul Stone
1989, Sedimentary Geology (64) 1-12
The Lower Permian (middle Wolfcampian) Zinc Hill sequence, a 65- to 110-m-thick series of beds in the Owens Valley Group in east-central California, comprises sediment-gravity-flow deposits consisting of carbonate sediment that originated on, and siliciclastic sediment that may have been generally ponded behind, a carbonate shelf to the east and...
Geochemistry and diagenesis of Miocene lacustrine siliceous sedimentary and pyroclastic rocks, Mytilinii basin, Samos Island, Greece
M.G. Stamatakis, James R. Hein, A.C. Magganas
1989, Sedimentary Geology (64) 65-78
A Late Miocene non-marine stratigraphic sequence composed of limestone, opal-CT-bearing limestone, porcelanite, marlstone, diatomaceous marlstone, dolomite, and tuffite crops out on eastern Samos Island. This lacustrine sequence is subdivided into the Hora Beds and the underlying Pythagorion Formation. The Hora Beds is overlain by the clastic Mytilinii series which contains...
Origin of the oceanic basalt basement of the Solomon Islands arc and its relationship to the Ontong Java Plateau-insights from Cenozoic plate motion models
R.E. Wells
1989, Tectonophysics (165) 219-235
Cenozoic global plate motion models based on a hotspot reference frame may provide a useful framework for analyzing the tectonic evolution of the Solomon Islands convergent margin. A postulated late Miocene collision of the Ontong Java Plateau (OJP) with a NE-facing arc is consistent with the predicted path of the...
How the growth and freeboard of continents may relate to geometric and kinematic parameters of mid-ocean spreading ridges
David G. Howell
1989, Tectonophysics (161) 343-349
If the volume of continents has been growing since 4 Ga then the area of the ocean basins must have been shrinking. Therefore, by inferring a constant continental freeboard, in addition to constant continental crustal thicknesses and seawater volume, it is possible to calculate the necessary combinations of increased ridge...
Arsenic- and selenium-induced changes in spectral reflectance and morphology of soybean plants
N.M. Milton, C. M. Ager, B. A. Eiswerth, M.S. Power
1989, Remote Sensing of Environment (30) 263-269
Soybean (Glycine max) plants were grown in hydroponic solutions treated with high concentrations of either arsenic or selenium. Spectral reflectance changes in arsenic-dosed plants included a shift to shorter wavelengths in the long-wavelength edge of the chlorophyll absorption band centered at 680 nm (the red edge) and higher reflectance in...
Mapping surface energy balance components by combining landsat thematic mapper and ground-based meteorological data
M. S. Moran, R. D. Jackson, L.H. Raymond, L. W. Gay, P.N. Slater
1989, Remote Sensing of Environment (30) 77-87
Surface energy balance components were evaluated by combining satellite-based spectral data with on-site measurements of solar irradiance, air temperature, wind speed, and vapor pressure. Maps of latent heat flux density (λE) and net radiant flux density (Rn) were produced using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data for three dates: 23 July...
An analysis of trichloroethylene movement in groundwater at Castle Air Force Base, California
L. Avon, J.D. Bredehoeft
1989, Journal of Hydrology (110) 23-50
A trichloroethylene (TCE) plume has been identified in the groundwater under a U.S. Air Force Base in the Central Valley of California. An areal, two-dimensional numerical solute transport model indicates that the movement of TCE due to advection, dispersion, and linear sorption is simulated over a 25-year historic period. The...
Airborne imaging spectrometer data of the Ruby Mountains, Montana: Mineral discrimination using relative absorption band-depth images
J.K. Crowley, D.W. Brickey, L. C. Rowan
1989, Remote Sensing of Environment (29) 121-134
Airborne imaging spectrometer data collected in the near-infrared (1.2–2.4 μm) wavelength range were used to study the spectral expression of metamorphic minerals and rocks in the Ruby Mountains of southwestern Montana. The data were analyzed by using a new data enhancement procedure—the construction of relative absorption band-depth (RBD) images. RBD...
Tulelake, California: The last 3 million years
D.P. Adam, A.M. Sarna-Wojcicki, Hugh J. Rieck, J.P. Bradbury, W.E. Dean, R. M. Forester
1989, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (72) 89-103
The Tulelake basin, formed by east-west extension and faulting during the past several million years, contains at least 550 m of lacustrine sediment. Interdisciplinary studies of a 334 m-long cored section from the town of Tulelake, California, near the center of the basin, document a 3-m.y. record of environmental changes....
Stetson Pit, Dare County, North Carolina: An integrated chronologic, faunal, and floral record of subsurface coastal quaternary sediments
L.L. York, J.F. Wehmiller, T. M. Cronin, T. A. Ager
1989, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (72) 115-132
Continuous split spoon samples from a drill hole penetrating 34 m of coastal plain sediments at Stetson Pit in Dare County, North Carolina were taken for lithologic, aminostratigraphic, faunal (ostracodes) and floral (pollen) analyses. Three distinct aminozones are recognized in the subsurface section based upon D-alloisoleucine/L-isoleucine (A/I) values in each...
Analysis of the shallow groundwater flow system near Connetqout Brook, Long Island, New York
K. R. Prince, T. E. Reilly, O.L. Franke
1989, Journal of Hydrology (107) 223-250
Streamflow on Long Island is derived principally from shallow groundwater that flows above the deeper regional flow system. The movement of shallow groundwater was studied during 1975-1982 at Connetquot Brook - an undisturbed stream in Connetquot River State Park - in south-central Long Island. The investigation encompassed: (1) field studies...
Reconnaissance estimates of natural recharge to desert basins in Nevada, U.S.A., by using chloride-balance calculations
M. D. Dettinger
1989, Journal of Hydrology (106) 55-78
A chloride-balance method for estimating average natural recharge to groundwater basins in the Basin and Range Province of the western United States may be a useful alternative or complement to current techniques. The chloride-balance method, as presented in this paper, equates chloride in recharge water and runoff to chloride deposited...
Effects of variations in recharge on groundwater quality
Donald O. Whittemore, K.M. McGregor, G.A. Marotz
1989, Journal of Hydrology (106) 131-145
The predominant regional effect of recharge on municipal groundwater quality in Kansas is the dilution of mineralized water in aquifers with relatively shallow water tables. The individual dissolved constituents contributing most to the water-quality variations are sulfate and chloride, and the calcium and sodium accompanying them, which are derived from...
Subduction of the Daiichi Kashima Seamount in the Japan trench
S. Lallemand, Ray Culotta, Roland E. von Huene
1989, Tectonophysics (160) 237-247
In 1984-1985, the Kaiko consortium collected Seabeam, single-channel seismic and submersible sampling data in the vicinity of the Daiichi-Kashima seamount and the southern Japan trench. We performed a prestack migration of a Shell multichannel seismic profile, that crosses this area, and examined it in the light of this unusually diverse...
Diffusion and consumption of methane in an unsaturated zone in north-central Illinois, U.S.A.
Robert G. Striegl, A. L. Ishii
1989, Journal of Hydrology (111) 133-143
The distribution of CH4 in unsaturated glacial and eolian deposits adjacent to buried low-level radioactive waste was measured, and movement of the gas from the waste source was simulated using a two-dimensional finite-difference model for gas diffusion in the unsaturated zone. Mean PCH4 was greatest (1.56 Pa) in a pebbly-sand deposit 11.6 m...
