Ground shaking and engineering studies on the Parkfield section of the San Andreas fault zone
R. W. Sherburne
1988, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (20) 72-77
Earthquakes have been occurring in California for eons and will continue to play an important role in the evolution of California landforms. Recent California earthquakes have been of moderate size (magnitude 5.5 to less than 7), have occurred in rural or low population areas, and have therefore been important mainly...
Microbial and biogeochernical processes Soda Lake, Nevada
R.S. Oremland, J. E. Cloern, Z. Sofer, R. L. Smith, C.W. Culbertson, J. Zehr, L. Miller, B. Cole, R. Harvey, N. Iversen, M. Klug, D. J. Des Marais, G. Rau
1988, Book chapter, Lacustrine petroleum source rocks: Geological Society Special Publication No. 40
Meromictic, alkaline lakes represent modern-day analogues of lacustrine source rock depositional environments. In order to further our understanding of how these lakes function in terms of limnological and biogeochemical processes, we have conducted an interdisciplinary study of Big Soda Lake. Annual mixolimnion productivity (ca. 500 g m-2) is dominated by...
Riverine C, N, Si and P transport to the coastal ocean: An overview
David H. Peterson, Stephen W. Hager, Laurence E. Schemel, Daniel R. Cayan
1988, Book chapter, Coastal-offshore ecosystem interactions, Volume 22 of the series Lecture notes on coastal and estuarine studies
Terrestrial ecosystems cycle and recyle inorganic nutrients including a feedback to atmospheric dry deposition and precipitation (cf. Lewis et al., 1985). Each year, however, a small fraction per unit area of the atmosphere/plant/soil flux leaks from these land-based cycles via precipitation/runoff (Meybeck, 1982). These losses are, in general, unpreventable. Moreover,...
Thermal infrared (2.5- to 13.5-µm) directional hemispherical reflectance of leaves
J.W. Salisbury, N.M. Milton
1988, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (54) 1301-1304
Previous biconical reflectance measurements of 13 different plant species have shown that leaves display spectral signatures in the 8- to 14-??m atmospheric window that vary with species. Directional hemispherical reflectance measurements of six species reported here document the absolute magnitude of such spectral features for the first time. If half...
Mineral and whole-rock compositions of seawater-dominated hydrothermal alteration at the Arctic volcanogenic massive sulfide prospect, Alaska
J.M. Schmidt
1988, Economic Geology (83) 822-842
The Arctic volcanogenic massive sulfide prospect, located in the Ambler mineral district of northwestern Alaska, includes three types of hydrothermally altered rocks overlying, underlying, and interlayered with semimassive sulfide mineralization. Hydrothermal alteration of wall rocks and deposition of sulfide and gangue minerals were contemporaneous with Late Devonian or Early Mississippian...
Permeability of rock samples from Cajon Pass, California
C. Morrow, J. Byerlee
1988, Geophysical Research Letters (15) 1033-1036
Hydrologic rock properties are important to the debate about the state of stress and heat flow regime of the San Andreas fault. In particular, these properties are pertinent to whether frictional heat generated by high shear stresses can be convected away by circulating ground water,...
Description and testing of three moisture sensors for measuring surface wetness on carbonate building stones
R.B. See, M.M. Reddy, R. G. Martin
1988, Review of Scientific Instruments (59) 2279-2284
Three moisture sensors were tested as a means for determining the surface wetness on carbonate building stones exposed to conditions that produce deposition of moisture. A relative-humidity probe, a gypsum-coated circuit grid, and a limestone-block resistor were tested as sensors for determining surface wetness. Sensors were tested under laboratory conditions...
Coastal erosion: Processes, timing and magnitudes at the bluff toe
C.H. Carter, D.E. Guy Jr.
1988, Marine Geology (84) 1-17
Five Lake Erie bluffs (one interlaminated clay and silt, three clay-rich diamicts and one shale) were surveyed at about 2-week intervals and after wind storms for up to 5 years. Erosion of the bluff toes along this low-energy coast occurred during...
Late Cenozoic offsets on the offshore connection between the Fairweather and Queen Charlotte faults off southeast Alaska
P.R. Carlson, T.R. Bruns, George Plafker
1988, Marine Geology (85) 89-97
Closely spaced seismic reflection profiles permit us to extend the onshore Fairweather fault across the continental margin off southeast Alaska to the Queen Charlotte fault. Evidence for Quaternary movement along this major plate boundary includes 20–40-m high sea-floor scarps, offset subsurface...
Aftershock patterns and main shock faulting
C. Mendoza, S.H. Hartzell
1988, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (78) 1438-1449
We have compared aftershock patterns following several moderate to large earthquakes with the corresponding distributions of coseismic slip obtained from previous analyses of the recorded strong ground motion and teleseismic waveforms. Well-located aftershock hypocenters are projected onto the main shock fault plane, and their positions are examined relative to the...
Avian cholera and related topics: an annotated bibliography
Daniel M. Mulcahy, Patrick Warpinski, Linda Benjamin, D. Hamilton
1988, Biological Report 88(40)
No abstract available....
Applications of a simulation model to decisions in mallard management
L.M. Cowardin, Douglas H. Johnson, T.L. Shaffer, D. W. Sparling
1988, Fish and Wildlife Technical Report 17
A system comprising simulation models and data bases for habitat availability and nest success rates was used to predict results from a mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) management plan and to compare six management methods with a control. Individual treatments in the applications included land purchase for waterfowl production, wetland easement purchase,...
Experiments with microcomputer-based artificial intelligence environments
E.G. Summers, R.A. MacDonald
1988, Mathematical Geology (20) 1037-1047
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been experimenting with the use of relatively inexpensive microcomputers as artificial intelligence (AI) development environments. Several AI languages are available that perform fairly well on desk-top personal computers, as are low-to-medium cost expert system packages. Although performance of these systems is respectable, their speed...
Observed oil and gas field size distributions: A consequence of the discovery process and prices of oil and gas
L.J. Drew, E. D. Attanasi, J.H. Schuenemeyer
1988, Mathematical Geology (20) 939-953
If observed oil and gas field size distributions are obtained by random samplings, the fitted distributions should approximate that of the parent population of oil and gas fields. However, empirical evidence strongly suggests that larger fields tend to be discovered earlier in the discovery process than they would be by...
Analysis of geophysical well logs obtained in the State 2-14 borehole, Salton Sea geothermal area, California
Frederick L. Paillet, R. H. Morin
1988, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (93) 12981-12994
A complete suite of conventional geophysical well logs was obtained in the upper part of a 3220-m- deep borehole drilled into geothermally altered alluvial sediments on the southeastern edge of the Salton Sea. In situ temperatures greater than 300°C and an inability to cool parts of the borehole by circulation...
Irrigation drainage: Green River basin, Utah
Doyle W. Stephens, Bruce Waddell, Jerry B. Miller
1988, Conference Paper
A reconnaissance of wildlife areas in the middle Green River basin of Utah during 1986-87 determined that concentrations of selenium in water and biological tissues were potentially harmful to wildlife at the Stewart Lake Waterfowl Management Area and in the Ouray National Wildlife Refuge. Concentations of selenium in irrigation drainage...
Predicted variation of stress orientation with depth near an active fault: Application to the Cajon Pass Scientific Drillhole, southern California
R. L. Wesson
1988, Geophysical Research Letters (15) 1009-1012
Preliminary measurements of the stress orientation at a depth of 2 km in the Cajon Pass Scientific Drillhole, about 3.6 km from the San Andreas fault in southern California, indicate that the local direction of maximum compression is nearly normal to the fault zone. The measurements...
Tectonic significance of dikes of Westerly Granite, southeastern Connecticut and southwestern Rhode Island
R. Goldsmith
1988, Northeastern Geology (10) 195-201
Undeformed Early Permian Westerly Granite dikes cut gneisses of the southeastern New England Avalon zone along coastal southeastern Connecticut and adjacent Rhode Island. Most dikes dip southward at a low angle. The Westerly dikes were emplaced in relatively warm rock penecontemporaneously with the Narragansett Pier Granite during a narrow time...
Detection of tannins in modern and fossil barks and in plant residues by high-resolution solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance
M. A. Wilson, Patrick G. Hatcher
1988, Organic Geochemistry (12) 539-546
Bark samples isolated from brown coal deposits in Victoria, Australia, and buried wood from Rhizophora mangle have been studies by high-resolution solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Dipolar dephasing 13C NMR appears to be a useful method of detecting the presence of tannins in geochemical samples including barks, buried woods, peats and leaf...
Cycle of earthquake-induced aggradation and related tidal channel shifting, upper Turnagain Arm, Alaska, USA.
S. Bartsch-Winkler
1988, Sedimentology (35) 621-628
Aggradation of intertidal sediment in upper Turnagain Arm, a macrotidal estuary located in southern Alaska near Anchorage, began because of subsidence caused by sediment consolidation and tectonic lowering of the land during the earthquake of March 27, 1964. At the head of the Arm, decrease in percent sand of surface...
Statistical relationship between pyrite grain size distribution and pyritic sulfur reduction in Ohio coal
M. Mazumdar, R.W. Carlton, G.A. Irdi
1988, International Journal of Coal Geology (9) 371-383
This paper presents a statistical relationship between the pyrite particle size distribution and the potential amount of pyritic sulfur reduction achieved by specific-gravity-based separation. This relationship is obtained from data on 26 Ohio coal samples crushed to 14 × 28 mesh....
Mechanistic characterization of chloride interferences in electrothermal atomization systems
J.M. Shekiro Jr., R.K. Skogerboe, Howard E. Taylor
1988, Analytical Chemistry (60) 2578-2582
A computer-controlled spectrometer with a photodiode array detector has been used for wavelength and temperature resolved characterization of the vapor produced by an electrothermal atomizer. The system has been used to study the chloride matrix interference on the atomic absorption spectrometric determination of manganese and copper. The suppression of manganese...
Infiltration through layered-soil trench covers: Response to an extended period of rainfall
T.H. Larson, D.A. Keefer, K.A. Albrecht, K. Cartwright
1988, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (3) 251-261
Four experimental waste disposal trench covers were constructed to test the effectiveness of layered-soil cover designs in reducing infiltration. Three covers each consisted of a layer of gravel between an overlying wick layer of compacted fine-grained material (either silt or loam)...
Source-rock evaluation of outcrop samples from Vanuatu (Malakula, Espiritu Santo, Maewo, and Pentecost)
Binyamin Buchbinder, Robert B. Halley
1988, Book chapter, Geology and offshore resources of Pacific Island Arcs: Vanuatu Region
Thirty-nine outcrop samples of mudstones, siltstones, and limestones were collected for source-rock evaluation of the sedimentary column in Vanuatu. Twenty-nine samples showing the least evidence of oxidation were selected for total organic analysis from the Miocene Matanui Group and Port Sandwich Formation in Malakula, and from the Miocene Ilava, Peteao,...
Low molecular weight species in humic and fulvic fractions
M. A. Wilson, P. J. Collin, Ronald L. Malcolm, E. Michael Perdue, P. Cresswell
1988, Organic Geochemistry (12) 7-12
Fourier transform solution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry with homogated water peak irradiation is a useful method for detecting low molecular weight substances in humic extracts. Succinate, acetate, methanol, formate, lactate and some aryl methoxyl compounds have been detected in extracts from a wide range of sources. In view of...
