Stratification of a cityscape using census and land use variables for inventory of building materials
G.H. Rosenfield, K. Fitzpatrick-Lins, T. L. Johnson
1987, The Annals of Regional Science (21) 22-33
A cityscape (or any landscape) can be stratified into environmental units using multiple variables of information. For the purposes of sampling building materials, census and land use variables were used to identify similar strata. In the Metropolitan Statistical Area of a cityscape, the census tract is the smallest unit for...
A review of light-scattering techniques for the study of colloids in natural waters
T.F. Rees
1987, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (1) 425-439
In order to understand the movement of colloidal materials in natural waters, we first need to have a means of quantifying their physical characteristics. This paper reviews three techniques which utilize light-scattering phenomena to measure the translational diffusion coefficient, the rotational...
Unsaturated flow in a centrifugal field: Measurement of hydraulic conductivity and testing of Darcy's Law
John R. Nimmo, J. Rubin, D.P. Hammermeister
1987, Water Resources Research (23) 124-134
A method has been developed to establish steady state flow of water in an unsaturated soil sample spinning in a centrifuge. Theoretical analysis predicts moisture conditions in the sample that depend strongly on soil type and certain operating parameters. For Oakley sand, measurements of flux, water content, and matric potential...
An oxygen isotope model for interpreting carbonate diagenesis in nonmarine rocks (Green River Basin, Wyoming, USA)
W. W. Dickinson
1987, Chemical Geology (65) 103-116
A closed-system model is used for predicting the δ18O of formation waters in the deep portions of the northern Green River basin, Wyoming. δ18Ocalcite is calculated from this modeled water and compared with the δ18O of measured calcites to help interpret diagenesis in the basin.The modification of 18Owater, which may be caused...
Indicator bacteria concentrations as affected by hydrologic variables in the Apalachicola River, Florida
J. F. Elder
1987, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (32) 407-416
[No abstract available]...
Lake-level variation in the Lahontan basin for the past 50,000 years
L. V. Benson, R.S. Thompson
1987, Quaternary Research (28) 69-85
Selected radiocarbon data on surficial materials from the Lahontan basin, Nevada and California, provide a chronology of lake-level variation for the past 50,000 yr. A moderate-sized lake connected three western Lahontan subbasins (the Smoke Creek-Black Rock Desert subbasin, the Pyramid Lake subbasin, and the Winnemucca Dry Lake subbasin) from about...
The relation of stream sediment surface area, grain size and composition to trace element chemistry
A. J. Horowitz, K. A. Elrick
1987, Applied Geochemistry (2) 437-451
Intensive studies of 17 geographically and hydrologically diverse stream bed sediments provide information on the relation between grain size, surface area, and operationally defined geochemical phases (e.g. Mn oxides, amorphous Fe oxides) to trace element concentrations. Of the size fractions investigated...
Reduction of selenate to selenide by sulfate-respiring bacteria: Experiments with cell suspensions and estuarine sediments
J.P. Zehr, Ronald S. Oremland
1987, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (53) 1365-1369
Washed cell suspensions of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans subsp. aestuarii were capable of reducing nanomolar levels of selenate to selenide as well as sulfate to sulfide. Reduction of these species was inhibited by 1 mM selenate or tungstate. The addition of 1 mM sulfate decreased the reduction of selenate and enhanced the reduction of sulfate. Increasing...
Solute transport with equilibrium aqueous complexation and either sorption or ion exchange: Simulation methodology and applications
F.M. Lewis, Clifford I. Voss, J. Rubin
1987, Journal of Hydrology (90) 81-115
Methodologies that account for specific types of chemical reactions in the simulation of solute transport can be developed so they are compatible with solution algorithms employed in existing transport codes. This enables the simulation of reactive transport in complex multidimensional flow regimes, and provides a means for existing codes to...
Thermodynamics of aragonite-strontianite solid solutions: Results from stoichiometric solubility at 25 and 76°C
Niel Plummer, E. Busenberg
1987, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (51) 1393-1411
Dissolution of synthetic strontianite-aragonite solid solutions was followed analytically to stoichiometric saturation using large solid to solution ratios in CO2-H2O solution at 25 and 76°C. The compositional dependence of the equilibrium constant was calculated from the composition of saturated (stoichiometric) solutions and used to calculate the activities and activity...
Direct comparison of kinetic and local equilibrium formulations for solute transport affected by surface reactions
Jean M. Bahr, Jacob Rubin
1987, Water Resources Research (23) 438-452
Modeling transport of reacting solutes in porous media often requires a choice between models based on the local equilibrium assumption (LEA) and models involving reaction kinetics. Direct comparison of the mathematical formulations for these two types of transport models can aid in this choice. For cases of transport affected by...
Processes and kinetics of Cd2+ sorption by a calcareous aquifer sand
C. C. Fuller, J.A. Davis
1987, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (51) 1491-1502
The rate of Cd2+ sorption by a calcareous aquifer sand was characterized by two reaction steps, with the first step reaching completion in 24 hours. The second step proceeded at a slow and nearly constant rate for at least seven days. The first step includes a fast adsorption reaction which...
A model for trace metal sorption processes at the calcite surface: Adsorption of Cd2+ and subsequent solid solution formation
J.A. Davis, C. C. Fuller, A.D. Cook
1987, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (51) 1477-1490
The rate of Cd2+ sorption by calcite was determined as a function of pH and Mg2+ in aqueous solutions saturated with respect to calcite but undersaturated with respect to CdCO3. The sorption is characterized by two reaction steps, with the first reaching completion within 24 hours. The second step proceeded...
GEOGRAPHIC ESTIMATION OF RUNOFF-MODEL PARAMETERS.
Arthur R. Schmidt, Linda S. Weiss, Kevin A. Oberg
1987, Conference Paper
The U. S. Geological Survey is developing techniques to estimate and evaluate unit-hydrograph and loss-rate parameter values for rainfall-runoff models using Geographic Information System (GIS) procedures. The data base includes basin, soil, and climatological characteristics that will be stored in a GIS, and unit-hydrograph and loss-rate parameters obtained from calibration...
Analysis of extraordinary flood events. U.S.-China bilateral symposium
E.W.H. Kirby, Hua Shi-Qian, L.R. Beard
1987, Journal of Hydrology (96)
The symposium took place in Nanjing on 15-19 October 1985 and this volume contains 29 of the 52 papers presented, most of the authors coming either from China or the USA. The articles are organized into three major topics: 1) detection of historical floods and evaluation of the uncertainties in...
Stable isotope dilution analysis of hydrologic samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
John R. Garbarino, Howard E. Taylor
1987, Analytical Chemistry (59) 1568-1575
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is employed in the determination of Ni, Cu, Sr, Cd, Ba, Ti, and Pb in nonsaline, natural water samples by stable isotope dilution analysis. Hydrologic samples were directly analyzed without any unusual pretreatment. Interference effects related to overlapping isobars, formation of metal oxide and multiply...
Characterization of fracture permeability with high-resolution vertical flow measurements during borehole pumping.
Frederick L. Paillet, A.E. Hess, C.H. Cheng, E. Hardin
1987, Ground Water (25) 28-40
The distribution of fracture permeability in granitic rocks was investigated by measuring the distribution of vertical flow in boreholes during periods of steady pumping. Pumping tests were conducted at two sites chosen to provide examples of moderately fractured rocks near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire and intensely fractured rocks near Oracle,...
Diagenesis and fluid flow in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico - regional zonation in the mineralogy and stable isotope composition of clay minerals in sandstone.
C. Gene Whitney, H. R. Northrop
1987, American Journal of Science (287) 353-382
The Westwater Canyon Member of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation is a relatively homogeneous, hydrologically continuous 100-m-thick sequence of massive fluvial sandstone, bounded above and below by relatively heterogeneous, hydrologically discontinuous units and has served as a primary conduit for fluids within this stratigraphic interval. Patterns of mineral-fluid reactions suggest...
HYDROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COASTAL LAGOONS AT HUGH TAYLOR BIRCH STATE RECREATION AREA, FORT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE.
Robert J. Brock
1987, Conference Paper, Oceans Conference Record (IEEE)
The author presents initial results of an ongoing study of Southeast Florida coastal lagoon lakes. Objectives include presenting environmental conditions within and adjacent to the lagoons under a variety of hydrologic conditions and to determine water-quality changes in ground water and surface water and how these changes in water quality...
Playa-lake basins on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: Part I. Hydrologic, geomorphic, and geologic evidence for their development
Waite Osterkamp, W.W. Wood
1987, Geological Society of America Bulletin (99) 215-223
Playa-lake basins of the Southern High Plains, Texas and New Mexico, may originate wherever water periodically can collect in a surficial depression. They expand, however, by hydrologic and geomorphic processes including (1) dissolution of lithologic carbonates by infiltrating water; (2) transport downward of fine-grained clastic and organic material by the...
A comparison of water solubility enhancements of organic solutes by aquatic humic materials and commercial humic acids
C.T. Chlou, Daniel E. Kile, T.I. Brinton, Ronald L. Malcolm, J.A. Leenheer, P. MacCarthy
1987, Environmental Science & Technology (21) 1231-1234
No abstract available....
Transport of reacting solutes subject to a moving dissolution boundary: Numerical methods and solutions
Catherine Willis, Jacob Rubin
1987, Water Resources Research (23) 1561-1574
A moving boundary problem which arises during transport with precipitation-dissolution reactions is solved by three different numerical methods. Two of these methods (one explicit and one implicit) are based on an integral formulation of mass balance and lead to an approximation of a weak solution. These methods are compared to...
Remote sensing investigations at a hazardous-waste landfill
Christopher Stohr, Wen-June Su, P.B. DuMontelle, R. A. Griffin
1987, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (53)
In 1976 state licensed landfilling of industrial chemicals was begun above an abandoned, underground coal mine in Illinois. Five years later organic chemical pollutants were discovered in a monitoring well, suggesting migration 100 to 1000 times faster than predicted by laboratory tests. Remote sensing contributed to the determination of the...
Chemical reactions simulated by ground-water-quality models
David B. Grove, Kenneth G. Stollenwerk
1987, Water Resources Bulletin (23) 601-615
Recent literature concerning the modeling of chemical reactions during transport in ground water is examined with emphasis on sorption reactions. The theory of transport and reactions in porous media has been well documented. Numerous equations have been developed from this theory, to provide both continuous and sequential or multistep models,...
Sources and flux of natural gases from Mono Lake, California
Ronald S. Oremland, L.G. Miller, Michael J. Whiticar
1987, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (51) 2915-2929
The ability to identify a formation mechanism for natural gas in a particular environment requires consideration of several geochemical factors when there are multiple sources present. Four primary sources of methane have been identified in Mono Lake. Two of these sources were associated with numerous natural gas seeps which...
