Determination of alkylbenzenesulfonate surfactants in groundwater using macroreticular resins and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry
E. Michael Thurman, T. Willoughby, Larry B. Barber, Kevin A. Thorn
1987, Analytical Chemistry (59) 1798-1802
Alkylbenzenesulfonate surfactants were determined in groundwater at concentrations as low as 0.3 mg/L. The method uses XAD-8 resin for concentration, followed by elution with methanol, separation of anionic and nonionic surfactants by anion exchange, quantitation by titration, and identification by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Laboratory standards and field samples...
Playa-lake basins on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: Part I. Hydrologic, geomorphic, and geologic evidence for their development
Waite Osterkamp, W.W. Wood
1987, Geological Society of America Bulletin (99) 215-223
Playa-lake basins of the Southern High Plains, Texas and New Mexico, may originate wherever water periodically can collect in a surficial depression. They expand, however, by hydrologic and geomorphic processes including (1) dissolution of lithologic carbonates by infiltrating water; (2) transport downward of fine-grained clastic and organic material by the...
A comparison of water solubility enhancements of organic solutes by aquatic humic materials and commercial humic acids
C.T. Chlou, Daniel E. Kile, T.I. Brinton, Ronald L. Malcolm, J.A. Leenheer, P. MacCarthy
1987, Environmental Science & Technology (21) 1231-1234
No abstract available....
Transport of reacting solutes subject to a moving dissolution boundary: Numerical methods and solutions
Catherine Willis, Jacob Rubin
1987, Water Resources Research (23) 1561-1574
A moving boundary problem which arises during transport with precipitation-dissolution reactions is solved by three different numerical methods. Two of these methods (one explicit and one implicit) are based on an integral formulation of mass balance and lead to an approximation of a weak solution. These methods are compared to...
Growth determinations for unattached bacteria in a contaminated aquifer
R.W. Harvey, L.H. George
1987, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (53) 2992-2996
Growth rates of unattached bacteria in groundwater contaminated with treated sewage and collected at various distances from the source of contamination were estimated by using frequency of dividing cells and tritiated-thymidine uptake and compared with growth rates obtained with unsupplemented, closed-bottle incubations. Estimates of bacterial generation times [(In 2)/μ] along...
Remote sensing investigations at a hazardous-waste landfill
Christopher Stohr, Wen-June Su, P.B. DuMontelle, R. A. Griffin
1987, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (53)
In 1976 state licensed landfilling of industrial chemicals was begun above an abandoned, underground coal mine in Illinois. Five years later organic chemical pollutants were discovered in a monitoring well, suggesting migration 100 to 1000 times faster than predicted by laboratory tests. Remote sensing contributed to the determination of the...
Chemical reactions simulated by ground-water-quality models
David B. Grove, Kenneth G. Stollenwerk
1987, Water Resources Bulletin (23) 601-615
Recent literature concerning the modeling of chemical reactions during transport in ground water is examined with emphasis on sorption reactions. The theory of transport and reactions in porous media has been well documented. Numerous equations have been developed from this theory, to provide both continuous and sequential or multistep models,...
Sources and flux of natural gases from Mono Lake, California
Ronald S. Oremland, L.G. Miller, Michael J. Whiticar
1987, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (51) 2915-2929
The ability to identify a formation mechanism for natural gas in a particular environment requires consideration of several geochemical factors when there are multiple sources present. Four primary sources of methane have been identified in Mono Lake. Two of these sources were associated with numerous natural gas seeps which...
The mobilization of aluminum in a natural soil system: Effects of hydrologic pathways
Isabelle M. Cozzarelli, Janet S. Herman, Roderic A. Parnell Jr.
1987, Water Resources Research (23) 859-874
A two-component soil water flow model was used in conjunction with an equilibrium speciation model WATEQF to study aluminum mobility in soils of a forested watershed, White Oak Run, in the Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Soil solution samples, taken from the O, E, B, C1, and C2horizons, were collected from...
Isolation of nonvolatile, organic solutes from natural waters by zeotrophic distillation of water from N,N-dimethylformamide
J.A. Leenheer, P.A. Brown, E.A. Stiles
1987, Analytical Chemistry (59) 1313-1319
Nonvolatile, organic solutes that comprise the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in saline waters were isolated by removal of the water by distillation from a N,N-dimethylformamideformic acid-acetonitrile mixture. Salts isolated with the DOC were removed by crystallization of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate from the solvent mixture, removal of silicic acid...
Vapor pressures and gas-film coefficients for ketones
R. E. Rathbun, D. Y. Tai
1987, Chemosphere (16) 69-78
Comparison of handbook vapor pressures for seven ketones with more recent literature data showed large differences for four of the ketones. Gas-film coefficients for the volatilization of these ketones from water determined by two different methods were in reasonable agreement....
GEOGRAPHIC ESTIMATION OF RUNOFF-MODEL PARAMETERS.
Arthur R. Schmidt, Linda S. Weiss, Kevin A. Oberg
1987, Conference Paper
The U. S. Geological Survey is developing techniques to estimate and evaluate unit-hydrograph and loss-rate parameter values for rainfall-runoff models using Geographic Information System (GIS) procedures. The data base includes basin, soil, and climatological characteristics that will be stored in a GIS, and unit-hydrograph and loss-rate parameters obtained from calibration...
Fate and movement of azaarenes and their anaerobic biotransformation products in an aquifer contaminated by wood-treatment chemicals
W. E. Pereira, C.E. Rostad, D.M. Updegraff, J.L. Bennett
1987, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (6) 163-176
Infiltration of wastes containing creosote and pentachlorophenol from surface impoundments at an abandoned wood-treatment facility near Pensacola, Florida, resulted in contamination of the underlying sand and gravel aquifer. Pond sludges and sediments near the source were contaminated with 2- to 5-ring azaarenes having log Kow values of from 2.0 to...
Unsaturated flow in a centrifugal field: Measurement of hydraulic conductivity and testing of Darcy's Law
John R. Nimmo, J. Rubin, D.P. Hammermeister
1987, Water Resources Research (23) 124-134
A method has been developed to establish steady state flow of water in an unsaturated soil sample spinning in a centrifuge. Theoretical analysis predicts moisture conditions in the sample that depend strongly on soil type and certain operating parameters. For Oakley sand, measurements of flux, water content, and matric potential...
A review of light-scattering techniques for the study of colloids in natural waters
T.F. Rees
1987, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (1) 425-439
In order to understand the movement of colloidal materials in natural waters, we first need to have a means of quantifying their physical characteristics. This paper reviews three techniques which utilize light-scattering phenomena to measure the translational diffusion coefficient, the rotational...
Creosote compounds in snails obtained from Pensacola Bay, Florida, near an onshore hazardous-waste site
Colleen E. Rostad, W. E. Pereira
1987, Chemosphere (16) 2397-2404
Snails, Thais haemostoma, were collected from two areas offshore in Pensacola Bay, Florida, near an onshore hazardous-waste site. Tissue from the snails was extracted to isolate the lipophilic compounds and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Along with naturally occurring compounds, the snail tissue contained large concentrations of polycyclic aromatic compounds,...
Stratification of a cityscape using census and land use variables for inventory of building materials
G.H. Rosenfield, K. Fitzpatrick-Lins, T. L. Johnson
1987, The Annals of Regional Science (21) 22-33
A cityscape (or any landscape) can be stratified into environmental units using multiple variables of information. For the purposes of sampling building materials, census and land use variables were used to identify similar strata. In the Metropolitan Statistical Area of a cityscape, the census tract is the smallest unit for...
Processes and kinetics of Cd2+ sorption by a calcareous aquifer sand
C. C. Fuller, J.A. Davis
1987, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (51) 1491-1502
The rate of Cd2+ sorption by a calcareous aquifer sand was characterized by two reaction steps, with the first step reaching completion in 24 hours. The second step proceeded at a slow and nearly constant rate for at least seven days. The first step includes a fast adsorption reaction which...
Thermodynamics of aragonite-strontianite solid solutions: Results from stoichiometric solubility at 25 and 76°C
Niel Plummer, E. Busenberg
1987, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (51) 1393-1411
Dissolution of synthetic strontianite-aragonite solid solutions was followed analytically to stoichiometric saturation using large solid to solution ratios in CO2-H2O solution at 25 and 76°C. The compositional dependence of the equilibrium constant was calculated from the composition of saturated (stoichiometric) solutions and used to calculate the activities and activity...
Solute transport with equilibrium aqueous complexation and either sorption or ion exchange: Simulation methodology and applications
F.M. Lewis, Clifford I. Voss, J. Rubin
1987, Journal of Hydrology (90) 81-115
Methodologies that account for specific types of chemical reactions in the simulation of solute transport can be developed so they are compatible with solution algorithms employed in existing transport codes. This enables the simulation of reactive transport in complex multidimensional flow regimes, and provides a means for existing codes to...
A model for trace metal sorption processes at the calcite surface: Adsorption of Cd2+ and subsequent solid solution formation
J.A. Davis, C. C. Fuller, A.D. Cook
1987, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (51) 1477-1490
The rate of Cd2+ sorption by calcite was determined as a function of pH and Mg2+ in aqueous solutions saturated with respect to calcite but undersaturated with respect to CdCO3. The sorption is characterized by two reaction steps, with the first reaching completion within 24 hours. The second step proceeded...
Indicator bacteria concentrations as affected by hydrologic variables in the Apalachicola River, Florida
J. F. Elder
1987, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (32) 407-416
[No abstract available]...
Direct comparison of kinetic and local equilibrium formulations for solute transport affected by surface reactions
Jean M. Bahr, Jacob Rubin
1987, Water Resources Research (23) 438-452
Modeling transport of reacting solutes in porous media often requires a choice between models based on the local equilibrium assumption (LEA) and models involving reaction kinetics. Direct comparison of the mathematical formulations for these two types of transport models can aid in this choice. For cases of transport affected by...
Solubility and stability of scorodite, FeAsO4.2H2O: Discussion
D. Kirk Nordstrom, George A. Parks
1987, American Mineralogist (72) 849-851
Reported solubility data for a synthetic scorodite and the techniques used to prepare the synthetic phase are questioned. (A.M. 70-838, 72-852)-J.A.Z....
Reduction of selenate to selenide by sulfate-respiring bacteria: Experiments with cell suspensions and estuarine sediments
J.P. Zehr, Ronald S. Oremland
1987, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (53) 1365-1369
Washed cell suspensions of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans subsp. aestuarii were capable of reducing nanomolar levels of selenate to selenide as well as sulfate to sulfide. Reduction of these species was inhibited by 1 mM selenate or tungstate. The addition of 1 mM sulfate decreased the reduction of selenate and enhanced the reduction of sulfate. Increasing...
