Rayleigh wave amplitude uncertainty across the Global Seismographic Network and potential implications for global tomography
Adam T. Ringler, Robert Anthony, C. A. Dalton, David C. Wilson
2021, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (111) 1273-1292
The Global Seismographic Network (GSN) is a multiuse, globally distributed seismic network used by seismologists, to both characterize earthquakes and study the Earth’s interior. Most stations in the network have two collocated broadband seismometers, which enable network operators to identify potential metadata and sensor issues. In this study, we investigate...
Quantifying energetic costs and defining energy landscapes experienced by grizzly bears
Anthony M. Carnahan, Frank T. van Manen, Mark A. Haroldson, Gordon Stenhouse, Charles T. Robbins
2021, Journal of Experimental Biology (224)
Animal movements are major determinants of energy expenditure and ultimately the cost–benefit of landscape use. Thus, we sought to understand those costs and how grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) move in mountainous landscapes. We trained captive grizzly bears to walk on a horizontal treadmill and up and...
Considerations of variability and power for long-term monitoring of stream fish assemblages
Scott D. George, Daniel Stich, Barry P. Baldigo
2021, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (78) 301-311
Little attention has been given to optimizing statistical power for monitoring stream fish assemblages. We explored the relationship between temporal variability and statistical power using 34 metrics from fish community data collected annually at six sites over 10 years via electrofishing. Metric variability differed by the life stage and group...
Preliminary assessment of carbon and nitrogen sequestration potential of wildfire-derived sediments stored by erosion control structures in forest ecosystems, southwest USA
James B. Callegary, Laura M. Norman, Christopher J. Eastoe, Joel B. Sankey, Ann Youberg
2021, Air, Soil and Water Research (14)
The role of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) in the global carbon cycle is still incompletely characterized. Much work has been done to characterize PyC on landforms and in soils where it originates or in “terminal” reservoirs such as marine sediments. Less is known about intermediate reservoirs such as...
Assessing the effectiveness of nourishment in decadal barrier island morphological resilience
Davina Passeri, Matthew V. Bilskie, Scott C. Hagen, Rangley C. Mickey, P Soupy Dalyander, Victor Gonzalez
2021, Water (13)
Nourishment has shown to be an effective method for short-term storm protection along barrier islands and sandy beaches by reducing flooding, wave attack and erosion. However, the ability of nourishment to mitigate the effects of storms and sea level rise (SLR) and improve coastal resilience over decadal...
Warming induces divergent stomatal dynamics in co-occurring boreal trees
Mirindi E. Dusenge, Eric Ward, Jeffrey M. Warren, Joseph R. Stinziano, Stan D. Wullschleger, Paul J. Hanson, Danielle A. Way
2021, Global Change Biology (27) 3079-3094
Climate warming will alter photosynthesis and respiration not only via direct temperature effects on leaf biochemistry but also by increasing atmospheric dryness, thereby reducing stomatal conductance and suppressing photosynthesis. Our knowledge on how climate warming affects these processes is mainly derived from seedlings grown under highly...
Risks posed by SARS‐CoV‐2 to North American bats during winter fieldwork
Jonathan D Cook, Evan H. Campbell Grant, Jeremy T. H. Coleman, Jonathan M. Sleeman, Michael C. Runge
2021, Conservation Science and Practice (3)
The virus that causes COVID‐19 likely evolved in a mammalian host, possibly Old‐World bats, before adapting to humans, raising the question of whether reverse zoonotic transmission to bats is possible. Wildlife management agencies in North America are concerned that the activities they authorize could lead to transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 to...
Groundwater-quality and select quality-control data from the National Water-Quality Assessment Project, January 2017 through December 2019
James A. Kingsbury, Laura M. Bexfield, Terri Arnold, MaryLynn Musgrove, Melinda L. Erickson, James R. Degnan, Anthony J. Tesoriero, Bruce D. Lindsey, Kenneth Belitz
2021, Data Series 1136
Groundwater-quality environmental data were collected from 983 wells as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Project of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Program and are included in this report. The data were collected from six types of well networks: principal aquifer study networks, which are used to assess...
Landscape evolution in eastern Chuckwalla Valley, Riverside County, California
Amy E. East, Harrison J. Gray, Margaret Hiza Redsteer, Matthew Ballmer
2021, Scientific Investigations Report 2021-5017
This study investigates sedimentary and geomorphic processes in eastern Chuckwalla Valley, Riverside County, California, a region of arid, basin-and-range terrain where extensive solar-energy development is planned. The objectives of this study were to (1) measure local weather parameters and use them to model aeolian sediment-transport potential; (2) identify surface sedimentary...
Exploiting common senses: Sensory ecology meets wildlife conservation and management
Laura K Elmer, Christine L Madliger, Daniel T. Blumstein, Chris K Elvidge, Esteban Fernandex-Juricic, Andrij Z Horodysky, Nicholas S. Johnson, Liam P McGuire, Ronald R. Swaisgood, Steven J. Cooke
2021, Conservation Physiology (9)
Multidisciplinary approaches to conservation and wildlife management are often effective in addressing complex, multi-factor problems. Emerging fields such as conservation physiology and conservation behaviour can provide innovative solutions and management strategies for target species and systems. Sensory ecology combines the study of ‘how animals acquire’ and process sensory stimuli...
Optimal allocation of law enforcement patrol effort to mitigate poaching activities
Jennifer F. Moore, Bradley Udell, Julien Martin, Ezechiel Turikunkiko, Michel K. Masozera
2021, Ecological Applications (31)
Poaching is a global problem causing the decline of species worldwide. Optimizing the efficiency of ranger patrols to deter poaching activity at the lowest possible cost is crucial for protecting species with limited resources. We applied decision analysis and spatial optimization algorithms to allocate efforts of...
Contrasting geographic patterns of ignition probability and burn severity in the Mojave Desert
Robert C. Klinger, Emma C Underwood, Randy McKinley, Matthew L. Brooks
2021, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution (9)
The extent and frequency of fire has increased in many arid systems over the last century, with a large proportion of area in some regions undergoing transitions to novel conditions. Portions of the Mojave Desert in southwestern North America have undergone such transitions, most often from woody to...
Brittle fragmentation by rapid gas separation in a Hawaiian fountain
Atsuko Namiki, Matthew R. Patrick, Michael Manga, Bruce F. Houghton
2021, Nature Geoscience (14) 242-247
Brittle fragmentation, generating small pyroclasts from magma, is a key process determining eruptive style. How low-viscosity magma fragments within a rising fountain in a brittle manner, however, is not well understood. Here we describe a fragmentation process in Hawaiian fountains on the basis of observations from...
Identifying dominant environmental predictors of freshwater wetland methane fluxes across diurnal to seasonal time scales
Sarah Knox, Sheel Bansal, Gavin McNicol, Karina Schafer, Cove Sturtevant, Masahito Ueyama, Alex Valach, Dennis Baldocchi, Kyle B. Delwiche, Ankur R. Desai, Eugenie S. Euskirchen, Jinxun Liu, Annalea Lohila, Avni Malhotra, Lulie Melling, William Riley, Benjamin R. K. Runkle, Jessica Turner, Rodrigo Vargas, Qing Zhu, Tuula Alto, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Mathias Goeckede, Joe Melton, Oliver Sonnentag, Timo Vesala, Eric Ward, Zhen Zhang, Sarah Feron, Zutao Ouyang, Angela C I Tang, Pavel Alekseychik, Mika Aurela, Gil Bohrer, David I. Campbell, Jiquan Chen, Housen Chu, Higo Dalmagro, Jordan P. Goodrich, Pia Gottschalk, Takashi Hirano, Hiroki Iwata, Gerald Jurasinski, Minseok Kang, Franziska Koebsch, Ivan Mammarella, Mats B. Nilsson, Keisuke Ono, Matthias Peichl, Olli Peltola, Youngryel Ryu, Torsten Sachs, Ayaka Sakabe, Jed Sparks, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, George Vourlitis, Guan X Wong, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Benjamin Poulter, Robert B. Jackson
2021, Global Change Biology (27) 3582-3604
While wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere, they represent a large source of uncertainty in the global CH4 budget due to the complex biogeochemical controls on CH4 dynamics. Here we present, to our knowledge, the first multi-site synthesis of how predictors of CH4 fluxes (FCH4) in freshwater...
Effects of long-term cortisol treatment on growth and osmoregulation of Atlantic salmon and brook trout
Luis Vargas-Chacoff, Amy M. Regish, A. Weinstock, B Th Bjornsson, Stephen D. McCormick
2021, General and Comparative Endocrinology (308)
Cortisol is the final product of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis and acts as a gluco- and mineralo-corticoid in fish. Long-term elevations of cortisol have been linked to reduced growth in fishes, but the mechanism(s) and relative sensitivities of species are still...
Aquatic ecosystem metabolism as a tool in environmental management
Kathi Jo Jankowski, Francine H. Mejia, Joanna Blaszczak, Gordon W. Holtgrieve
2021, WIREs Water (8)
Recent advances in high-frequency environmental sensing and statistical approaches have greatly expanded the breadth of knowledge regarding aquatic ecosystem metabolism - the measurement and interpretation of gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER). Aquatic scientists are poised to take advantage of widely available datasets and freely-available modeling tools to...
Extreme precipitation across adjacent burned and unburned watersheds reveals impacts of low severity wildfire on debris-flow processes
Luke A. McGuire, Ann M. Youberg, Francis K. Rengers, Nathan S. Abramson, Indujaa Ganesh, Alex N. Gorr, Olivia Hoch, Justin C. Johnson, Patt Lamom, Alexander B. Prescott, Jessica Zanetell, Brendan Fenerty
2021, Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface (126)
In steep landscapes, wildfire-induced changes to soil and vegetation can lead to extreme and hazardous geomorphic responses, including debris flows. The wildfire-induced mechanisms that lead to heightened geomorphic responses, however, depend on many site-specific factors including regional climate, vegetation, soil texture, and soil burn severity. As...
GIS object data properties
Dalia E. Varanka
2021, Book chapter, Geographic Information System & Technology Body of Knowledge
Data properties are characteristics of GIS attribute systems and values whose design and format impacts analytical and computational processing. Geospatial data are expressed at conceptual, logical, and physical levels of database abstraction intended to represent geographical information. The appropriate design of attribute systems...
Ongoing (2015-) magma surge in the upper mantle beneath the Island of Hawaiʻi
Matthew Burgess, Diana Roman
2021, Geophysical Research Letters (48)
“Surges” in magma supply from the mantle can lead to significant changes in eruptive behavior, thus their early identification is critical to long-term eruption forecasting. Here, we document and analyze two order-of-magnitude increases in seismicity in the upper mantle beneath southern Hawaiʻi between 2015 and 2020. We interpret the anomalous...
Brood provisioning rates and fledgling behavior of Cordilleran Flycatchers in southwestern Colorado
Abigail J. Darrah, Charles van Riper III
2021, Journal of Field Ornithology (92) 30-42
The behavior of young songbirds after fledging is one of the least understood phases of the breeding cycle, although parental provisioning rates and movement of fledglings are key to understanding life history evolution. We studied Cordilleran Flycatchers (Empidonax occidentalis) at two sites in southwestern Colorado, USA,...
Transcriptome assembly and differential gene expression of the invasive avian malaria parasite Plasmodium relictum in Hawaiʻi
Elin Videvall, Kristina L. Paxton, Michael G. Campana, Loren Cassin-Sackett, Carter T. Atkinson, Robert C. Fleischer
2021, Ecology and Evolution (11) 4935-4944
The malaria parasite Plasmodium relictum (lineage GRW4) was introduced less than a century ago to the native avifauna of Hawaiʻi, where it has since caused major declines of endemic bird populations. One of the native bird species that is frequently infected with GRW4 is the Hawaiʻi ʻamakihi (Chlorodrepanis...
Rapid phenotypic stock identification of Chinook Salmon in recreational fishery management
Alexander J. Jensen, Carl B. Schreck, James T. Peterson
2021, Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science (13) 99-112
Rapid phenotypic stock identification in mixed-stock fisheries can provide a useful alternative to more time-intensive methods (e.g., coded wire tags, genetics) in assessing harvest and informing management decisions. We leveraged local ecological knowledge, existing stock identification methods, and understanding of life history differences to develop rapid stock identification tools for...
Glacial dust surpasses both volcanic ash and desert dust in its iron fertilization potential
Bess G. Koffman, Meg F. Yoder, Taylor Methven, Lena Hanschka, Helen B. Sears, Patrick L. Saylor, Kristi L. Wallace
2021, Global Biogeochemical Cycles (35)
The subarctic Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea comprise the second-largest high nitrate, low chlorophyll region in the world, where primary production is limited by the availability of iron (Fe). To estimate the potential impact of different terrestrial aerosol Fe sources on marine ecosystems, we performed a suite of laboratory assessments...
Field methods, quality-assurance, and data management plan for water-quality activities and water-level measurements, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho
Roy C. Bartholomay, Neil V. Maimer, Amy J. Wehnke, Samuel L. Helmuth
2021, Open-File Report 2021-1004
IntroductionWater-quality activities and water-level measurements conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Project Office coincide with the USGS mission of appraising the quantity and quality of the Nation’s water resources. The activities are conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Idaho Operations...
U.S. Geological Survey Arctic ecosystem assessments
John M. Pearce, Caroline R. Van Hemert
2021, Fact Sheet 2021-3016
The U.S Geological Survey (USGS) conducts natural hazard and resource assessments of the Earth’s ecosystems and the response of those ecosystems to environmental change, human activities, and land use. Arctic regions of Alaska are important for cultural and economic sustainability and host a wide variety of wildlife species, many of...
