The Long-term effect of bleeding for Limulus amebocyte lysate on annual survival and recapture of tagged horseshoe crabs
David R. Smith, Joshua Newhard, Conor P. McGowan, C. Alyssa Butler
2020, Frontiers in Marine Science (7)
In the U.S., 525,000 horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) per year have been captured during 2013–2017, brought to biomedical facilities, and bled to produce Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL), then mostly released to the area of capture. The Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission estimates short-term bleeding-induced mortality to be 15% (4% to...
Geologic map and borehole stratigraphy of Hinkley Valley and vicinity, San Bernardino County, California
David M. Miller, Victoria E. Langenheim, Elizabeth K. Haddon
2020, Scientific Investigations Map 3458
Hinkley Valley, in the central to western Mojave Desert of southeastern California, has a long historical record owing to its position as a crossroads for rail and road traffic and its position adjacent to the Mojave River. Subflow in the Mojave River provided groundwater recharge that maintained water consumption and...
Comparing husbandry techniques for optimal head-starting of the Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)
P. A. McGovern, K. A. Buhlmann, B. D. Todd, Clinton T. Moore, J. M. Peaden, J. Hepinstall-Cymerman, J. A. Daly, T. D. Tuberville
2020, Herpetological Conservation and Biology (15) 626-641
Mojave Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) populations continue to decline throughout their range. Head-starting—the captive rearing of offspring to a size where they are presumably more likely to survive post-release—is being explored as a potential recovery tool. Previous Desert Tortoise head-starting programs have reared neonates exclusively outdoors. Here, we explore using...
Environmental contamination and unusual snake mortality in an urban national wildlife refuge
Kimberly A. Terrell, Anne Ballmann, Ashli Brown, Christina Childers, Susan Knowles, Ashley Meredith, Darrell Sparks
2020, Herpetological Conservation and Biology (15) 652-665
The National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) System protects ~150 million acres of land and water in the United States and provides habitat for >2,000 native vertebrates species. Although legally protected, wildlife populations within these refuges can be threatened by anthropogenic activities. The lack of knowledge about such threats has the potential...
The ghosts of propagation past: Haplotype information clarifies the relative influence of stocking history and phylogeographic processes on contemporary population structure of walleye (Sander vitreus)
Matthew L. Bootsma, Loren Miller, Greg G. Sass, Peter T. Euclide, Wesley Larson
2020, Evolutionary Applications (14) 1124-1144
Stocking of fish is an important tool for maintaining fisheries but can also significantly alter population genetic structure and erode the portfolio of within-species diversity that is important for promoting resilience and adaptability. Walleye (Sander vitreus) are a highly valued sportfish in the midwestern United States, a region characterized by...
Tidal wetland resilience to increased rates of sea level rise in the Chesapeake Bay: Introduction to the special feature
Taryn A Sudol, Gregory E. Noe, Denise J Reed
2020, Wetlands (40) 1667-1671
The papers in this Special Feature are the result of the first Marsh Resilience Summit in the Chesapeake Bay region, which occurred in February 2019. The Chesapeake Bay region has one of the highest rates of relative sea level rise in the U.S., jeopardizing over 1000 km2 of...
Occupancy and detectability of northern long-eared bats in the Lake States Region
Brenna A. Hyzy, Robin E. Russell, Alexander Silvis, W. Mark Ford, Jason D. Riddle, Kevin R. Russell
2020, Wildlife Society Bulletin (44) 732-740
The northern long‐eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) is one of the bat species most affected by white‐nose syndrome. Population declines attributed to white‐nose syndrome contributed to the species’ listing as federally threatened under the 1973 Endangered Species Act. Although one of the most abundant Myotine bats in eastern North America prior...
Beyond neonicotinoids – Wild pollinators are exposed to a range of pesticides while foraging in agroecosystems
A.R. Main, Michelle L. Hladik, Elisabeth B. Webb, K. W. Goyne, D. Mengel
2020, Science of the Total Environment (742)
Pesticide exposure is a growing global concern for pollinator conservation. While most current pesticide studies have specifically focused on the impacts of neonicotinoid insecticides toward honeybees and some native bee species, wild pollinators may be exposed to a broader range of agrochemicals. In 2016 and 2017 we collected a total...
Bioaccumulation of the pesticide imidacloprid in stream organisms and sublethal effects on salamanders
Sara M. Crayton, Petra B. Wood, Donald J. Brown, Alice R. Millikin, Terence J. McManus, Tyler J. Simpson, Kang-Mo Ku, Yong-Lak Park
2020, Global Ecology and Conservation (24) 1-15
Neonicotinoids are one of the most widely used classes of insecticides in the world. The neonicotinoid imidacloprid is commonly applied to hemlock (Tsuga spp.) stands in eastern North America to reduce tree mortality from infestations of the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA; Adelges tsugae). While laboratory and mesocosm studies have determined...
Conservation genomics of the threatened western spadefoot, Spea hammondii, in urbanized southern California
Kevin M Neal, Robert N. Fisher, Milan J. Mitrovich, H. Bradley Shaffer
2020, Journal of Heredity (111) 613-627
Populations of the western spadefoot (Spea hammondii) in southern California occur in one of the most urbanized and fragmented landscapes on the planet and have lost up to 80% of their native habitat. Orange County is one of the last strongholds for this pond-breeding amphibian in the region, and...
Geochemistry and age of groundwater in the Williston Basin, USA: Assessing potential effects of shale-oil production on groundwater quality
Peter B. McMahon, Joel M. Galloway, Andrew G. Hunt, Kenneth Belitz, Bryant C. Jurgens, Tyler D. Johnson
2020, Applied Geochemistry
Thirty water wells were sampled in 2018 to understand the geochemistry and age of groundwater in the Williston Basin and assess potential effects of shale-oil production from the Three Forks-Bakken petroleum system (TBPS) on groundwater quality. Two geochemical groups are identified...
Ecology and management of plague in diverse communities of rodents and fleas
David A. Eads, Dean E. Biggins, Kenneth L. Gage
2020, Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases (20) 888-896
Plague originated in Asia as a flea-borne zoonosis of mammalian hosts. Today, the disease is distributed nearly worldwide. In western United States of America, plague is maintained, transmitted, and amplified in diverse communities of rodents and fleas. We examined flea diversity on three species of prairie dogs (Cynomys spp., PDs) and...
Agricultural land-use change alters the structure and diversity of Amazon riparian forests
Leonardo Maracahipes-Santos, Divino Vicente Silverio, Marcia Nunes Macedo, Leandro Maracahipes, Kathi Jo Jankowski, Lucas Navarro Paolucci, Christopher Neill, Paulo Monteiro Brando
2020, Biological Conservation (252)
Riparian forests play key roles in protecting biodiversity and water resources, making them priorities for conservation in human-dominated landscapes, but fragmentation associated with expanding tropical croplands threatens their ecological integrity. We compared the structure of tropical riparian forests within intact and cropland catchments in a region...
Reproduction and denning by San Clemente Island Foxes: Age, sex, and polygamy
Emily E. Hamblen, William F. Andelt, Thomas R. Stanley
2020, The Southwestern Naturalist (64) 164-172
Channel Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) live on six of the eight California Channel Islands, and each island is inhabited by a distinct subspecies. Until recently, four of these subspecies were listed under the Endangered Species Act as endangered. Although three of the four subspecies have been delisted, and one subspecies...
Estimating and forecasting spatial population dynamics of apex predators using transnational genetic monitoring
Richard Bischof, Cyril Milleret, Pierre Dupont, Joseph Chipperfield, Mahdieh Tourani, Andres Ordiz, Perry de Valpine, Daniel Turek, J. Andrew Royle, Olivier Gemenez, Oystein Flagstad, Mikael Akesson, Linn Svensson, Henrik Broseth, Jonas Kindberg
2020, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA (11) 30531-30538
The ongoing recovery of terrestrial large carnivores in North America and Europe is accompanied by intense controversy. On the one hand, reestablishment of large carnivores entails a recovery of their most important ecological role, predation. On the other hand, societies are struggling to relearn how to live with apex predators...
Short-term impact of sediment addition on plants and invertebrates in a southern California salt marsh
Kaelin J McAtee, Karen M. Thorne, Christine R Whitcraft
2020, PLoS ONE (15)
The implementation and monitoring of management strategies is integral to protect coastal marshes from increased inundation and submergence under sea-level rise. Sediment addition is one such strategy in which sediment is added to marshes to raise relative elevations, decrease tidal inundation, and enhance ecosystem processes. This...
Development and testing of species-specific quantitative PCR assays for environmental DNA applications
Katy E. Klymus, Dannise Vannesa Ruiz-Ramos, Nathan Thompson, Catherine A. Richter
2020, JOVE Journal Of Visualized Experiments (165)
New, non-invasive methods for detecting and monitoring species presence are being developed to aid in fisheries and wildlife conservation management. The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) samples for detecting macrobiota is one such group of methods that is rapidly becoming popular and being implemented in national management programs. Here we...
Understanding the storage conditions and fluctuating eruption style of a young monogenetic volcano: Blue Lake crater (<3 ka), High Cascades, Oregon
Emily Renee Johnson, Katharine V. Cashman
2020, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (408)
Blue Lake crater (<3 ka) is monogenetic volcano that produced one of the youngest eruptions in the central Oregon Cascades. Understanding monogenetic volcano behavior – from storage through eruption – is imperative in planning for future eruptions. Here we combine physical volcanology and geochemistry to determine the pre-eruptive storage conditions, ascent...
An assessment of the thiamine status of Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in the Susquehanna River watershed
Daniel E. Spooner, Dale C. Honeyfield, Kristin Laura Boggs, Dustin R. Shull, Timothy Wertz, Stephanie Sweet
2020, Northeastern Naturalist (27) 596-611
Unpredictable recruitment and physical abnormalities (sores and lesions) have been observed in populations of Micropterus dolomieu (Smallmouth Bass) throughout the Susquehanna River basin. Malnutrition has been proposed as one of among several potential stressors, yet little to no information was available to critically assess its feasibility as...
Earthquake early warning in Aotearoa New Zealand: A survey of public perspectives to guide warning system development
Julia S. Becker, Sally H. Potter, Lauren Vinnel, Kazuya Nakayachi, Sara K. McBride, David A. Johnston
2020, Humanities & Social Sciences Communications (7)
Earthquake early warning (EEW) can be used to detect earthquakes and provide advanced notification of strong shaking, allowing pre-emptive actions to be taken that not only benefit infrastructure but reduce injuries and fatalities. Currently Aotearoa New Zealand does not have a nationwide EEW system, so a...
Evidence for an established population of tegu lizards Salvator merianae in southeastern Georgia, USA
Daniel Haro, Lance McBrayer, John B Jenson, James Gillis, Lea R. Bonewell, Melia Gail Nafus, Stephen E. Greiman, Robert Reed, Amy A. Yackel Adams
2020, Southeastern Naturalist (19) 649-662
Documenting emergence of invasive species in new areas is vital to understanding spatiotemporal patterns of invasions, propagule pressure, and the risk of establishment. Salvator merianae (Argentine Giant Tegu) has established multiple unconnected populations in southern and Central Florida, and additional sightings have been reported elsewhere in the state. In 2018,...
Evaluating a rapid field assessment system for anticoagulant rodenticide exposure of raptors
Ariana J Dickson, James R. Belthoff, Kristen A Mitchell, Brian W. Smith, Zachary P. Wallace, Matthew J. Stuber, Michael J. Lockhart, Barnett A. Rattner, Todd E. Katzner
2020, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (79) 454-460
Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are commonly used to control rodent pests. However, worldwide, their use is associated with secondary and tertiary poisoning of nontarget species, especially predatory and scavenging birds. No medical device can rapidly test for AR exposure of avian wildlife. Prothrombin time (PT) is a...
Salinity and inundation effects on productivity of brackish tidal marsh plants in the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary
Christopher N. Janousek, Bruce D. Dugger, Brandon M Drucker, Karen M. Thorne
2020, Hydrobiologia (847) 4311-4323
Plant productivity is central to numerous ecosystem functions in tidal wetlands. We examined how productivity of brackish marsh plants in northern California responded to abiotic stress gradients of inundation and salinity using two experimental approaches. In a greenhouse study with varying salinity, shoot production and biomass of Juncus balticus, Schoenoplectus acutus and S. americanus all...
Ontogenetic shifts in mesohabitat use of young-of-year Rio Grande blue sucker in the Big Bend region of the Rio Grande
Seiji Miyazono, Allison A. Pease, Sarah Fritts, Timothy B. Grabowski
2020, Environmental Biology of Fishes (103) 1471-1480
Alteration of flow regimes by anthropogenic activities is one of the primary environmental problems in riverine systems. Understanding how hydrologic conditions can affect ontogenetic habitat shifts of imperiled fishes is important in order to develop conservation and management strategies for each life-history stage. We examined relationships between the abundance of...
Mitogenome of northern long-eared bat
S. J. Gaughan, Kevin L. Pope, J. A. White, C. A. Lemen, P. W. Freeman
2020, Mitochondrial DNA Part B (5) 3592-3593
The complete mitogenome of the northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) was determined to be 17,362 bp and contained 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and one control region. The whole genome base composition was 33.8% GC. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that M. septentrionalis be positioned next to M. auriculus in the Nearctic subclade of the Myotis genus. This complete...
