Sea-level change during the last 2500 years in New Jersey, USA
Andrew C. Kemp, Benjamin P. Horton, Christopher H. Vane, Christopher E. Bernhardt, D. Reide Corbett, Simon E. Engelhart, Shimon C. Anisfeld, Andrew C. Parnell, Niamh Cahill
2013, Quaternary Science Reviews (81) 90-104
Relative sea-level changes during the last ∼2500 years in New Jersey, USA were reconstructed to test if late Holocene sea level was stable or included persistent and distinctive phases of variability. Foraminifera and bulk-sediment δ13C values were combined to reconstruct paleomarsh elevation with decimeter precision from sequences of salt-marsh sediment...
Monitoring of adult Lost River and shortnose suckers in Clear Lake Reservoir, California, 2008–2010
David A. Hewitt, Brian S. Hayes
2013, Open-File Report 2013-1301
Executive Summary In collaboration with the Bureau of Reclamation, the U.S. Geological Survey began a consistent monitoring program for endangered Lost River suckers (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris) in Clear Lake Reservoir, California, in the fall of 2004. The program was intended to develop a more complete understanding of...
Selenium in ecosystems within the mountaintop coal mining and valley-fill region of southern West Virginia-assessment and ecosystem-scale modeling
Theresa S. Presser
2013, Professional Paper 1803
Coal and associated waste rock are among environmental selenium (Se) sources that have the potential to affect reproduction in fish and aquatic birds. Ecosystems of southern West Virginia that are affected by drainage from mountaintop coal mines and valleys filled with waste rock in the Coal, Gauley, and Lower Guyandotte...
Evaluation of total phosphorus mass balance in the lower Boise River and selected tributaries, southwestern Idaho
Alexandra B. Etheridge
2013, Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5220
he U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with Idaho Department of Environmental Quality, developed spreadsheet mass-balance models for total phosphorus using results from three synoptic sampling periods conducted in the lower Boise River watershed during August and October 2012, and March 2013. The modeling reach spanned 46.4 river miles (RM)...
Base of the upper layer of the phase-three Elkhorn-Loup groundwater-flow model, north-central Nebraska
Jennifer S. Stanton
2013, Scientific Investigations Map 3259
The Elkhorn and Loup Rivers in Nebraska provide water for irrigation, recreation, hydropower production, aquatic life, and municipal water systems for the Omaha and Lincoln metropolitan areas. Groundwater is another important resource in the region and is extracted primarily for agricultural irrigation. Water managers of the area are interested in...
The effects of withdrawals and drought on groundwater availability in the Northern Guam Lens Aquifer, Guam
Stephen B. Gingerich
2013, Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5216
Owing to population growth, freshwater demand on Guam has increased in the past and will likely increase in the future. During the early 1970s to 2010, groundwater withdrawals from the limestone Northern Guam Lens Aquifer, the main source of freshwater on the island, tripled from about 15 to 45 million...
Laboratory-derived temperature preference and effect on the feeding rate and survival of juvenile Hemimysis anomala
Jennifer Sun, Lars S. Rudstam, Brent T. Boscarino, Maureen G. Walsh, Brian F. Lantry
2013, Journal of Great Lakes Research (39) 630-636
Hemimysis anomala is a warm-water mysid that invaded the Great Lakes region in 2006 and has since rapidly spread throughout the basin. We conducted three laboratory experiments to better define the temperature preference, tolerance limits, and temperature effects on feeding rates of juvenile Hemimysis, using individuals acclimated to mid (16...
The dilemma of the Jiaodong gold deposits: Are they unique?
Richard J. Goldfarb, M. Santosh
2013, Geoscience Frontiers (5) 139-153
The ca. 126–120 Ma Au deposits of the Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China, define the country's largest gold province with an overall endowment estimated as >3000 t Au. The vein and disseminated ores are hosted by NE- to NNE-trending brittle normal faults that parallel the margins of ca....
Interactions between hyporheic flow produced by stream meanders, bars, and dunes
Susa H. Stonedahl, Judson W. Harvey, Aaron I. Packman
2013, Water Resources Research (49) 5450-5461
Stream channel morphology from grain-scale roughness to large meanders drives hyporheic exchange flow. In practice, it is difficult to model hyporheic flow over the wide spectrum of topographic features typically found in rivers. As a result, many studies only characterize isolated exchange processes at a single spatial scale. In this...
Morphometric variation among spawning cisco aggregations in the Laurentian Great Lakes: are historic forms still present?
Daniel L. Yule, Seth A. Moore, Mark P. Ebener, Randall M. Claramunt, Thomas C. Pratt, Lorrie L. Salawater, Michael J. Connerton
2013, Advances in Limnology (64) 119-132
Cisco (Coregonus artedi Leseur, formerly lake herring Leucichthys artedi Leseur) populations in each of the Laurentian Great Lakes collapsed between the late 1920s and early 1960s following a multitude of stressors, and never recovered in Lakes Michigan, Erie and Ontario. Prior to their collapse, Koelz (1929) studied Leucichthys spp. in...
The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Florida
William J. Carswell Jr.
2013, Fact Sheet 2013-3058
Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Florida, elevation data are critical for natural resources conservation; flood risk management; infrastructure and construction management; coastal zone management; sea level rise...
Crystallization of oxidized, moderately hydrous arc basalt at mid- to lower-crustal pressures: Implications for andesite genesis
Dawnika L. Blatter, Thomas W. Sisson, W. Ben Hankins
2013, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (166) 861-886
This study focuses on the production of convergent margin calc-alkaline andesites by crystallization–differentiation of basaltic magmas in the lower to middle crust. Previous experimental studies show that dry, reduced, subalkaline basalts differentiate to tholeiitic (high Fe/Mg) daughter liquids, but the influences of H2O and oxidation on differentiation are less well...
Differential preservation in the geologic record of intraoceanic arc sedimentary and tectonic processes
Amy Draut, Peter D. Clift
2013, Earth-Science Reviews (116) 57-84
Records of ancient intraoceanic arc activity, now preserved in continental suture zones, are commonly used to reconstruct paleogeography and plate motion, and to understand how continental crust is formed, recycled, and maintained through time. However, interpreting tectonic and sedimentary records from ancient terranes after arc–continent collision is complicated by preferential...
Characterizing response of total suspended solids and total phosphorus loading to weather and watershed characteristics for rainfall and snowmelt events in agricultural watersheds
Mari E. Danz, Steven Corsi, Wesley R. Brooks, Roger T. Bannerman
2013, Journal of Hydrology (507) 249-261
Understanding the response of total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus (TP) to influential weather and watershed variables is critical in the development of sediment and nutrient reduction plans. In this study, rainfall and snowmelt event loadings of TSS and TP were analyzed for eight agricultural watersheds in Wisconsin, with...
Assessing grain-size correspondence between flow and deposits of controlled floods in the Colorado River, USA
Amy Draut, David M. Rubin
2013, Journal of Sedimentary Research (83) 962-973
Flood-deposited sediment has been used to decipher environmental parameters such as variability in watershed sediment supply, paleoflood hydrology, and channel morphology. It is not well known, however, how accurately the deposits reflect sedimentary processes within the flow, and hence what sampling intensity is needed to decipher records of recent or...
Assaying environmental nickel toxicity using model nematodes
David Rudel, Chandler Douglas, Ian Huffnagle, John M. Besser, Christopher G. Ingersoll
2013, PLoS ONE (8)
Although nickel exposure results in allergic reactions, respiratory conditions, and cancer in humans and rodents, the ramifications of excess nickel in the environment for animal and human health remain largely undescribed. Nickel and other cationic metals travel through waterways and bind to soils and sediments. To evaluate the potential toxic...
Virulence of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) genotypes Ia, IVa, IVb, and IVc in five fish species.
Eveline J. Emmenegger, Chang Hoon Moon, Paul K. Hershberger, Gael Kurath
2013, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms (107) 99-111
The susceptibility of yellow perch Perca flavescens, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha, koi Cyprinus carpio koi, and Pacific herring Clupea pallasii to 4 strains of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) was assessed. Fish were challenged via intraperitoneal injection with high (1 × 106 plaque-forming units, PFU) and...
Evaluation of the behavior and movement patterns of adult coho salmon and steelhead in the North Fork Toutle River, Washington, 2005-2009
Theresa L. Liedtke, Tobias J. Kock, Dennis W. Rondorf
2013, Open-File Report 2013-1290
The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens severely affected the North Fork Toutle River (hereafter Toutle River), Washington, and threatened anadromous salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) populations in the basin. The Toutle River was further affected in 1989 when a sediment retention structure (SRS) was constructed to trap sediments in the upper...
Hydrology and water quality of Shell Lake, Washburn County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of diversion and changes in water level on the water quality of a shallow terminal lake
Paul F. Juckem, Dale M. Robertson
2013, Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5181
Shell Lake is a relatively shallow terminal lake (tributaries but no outlets) in northwestern Wisconsin that has experienced approximately 10 feet (ft) of water-level fluctuation over more than 70 years of record and extensive flooding of nearshore areas starting in the early 2000s. The City of Shell Lake (City) received...
Detectability of thermal signatures associated with active formation of ‘chaos terrain’ on Europa
Oleg Abramov, J. Rathbun, Britney E. Schmidt, John R. Spencer
2013, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (384) 37-41
A recent study by Schmidt et al. (2011) suggests that Thera Macula, one of the “chaos regions” on Europa, may be actively forming over a large liquid water lens. Such a process could conceivably produce a thermal anomaly detectable by a future Europa orbiter or flyby mission, allowing for a...
Transient simulation of groundwater levels within a sandbar of the Colorado River, Marble Canyon, Arizona, 2004
Thomas A. Sabol, Abraham E. Springer
2013, Open-File Report 2013-1277
Seepage erosion and mass failure of emergent sandy deposits along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, are a function of the elevation of groundwater in the sandbar, fluctuations in river stage, the exfiltration of water from the bar face, and the slope of the bar face. In...
Petrogenesis of Mount Rainier andesite: Magma flux and geologic controls on the contrasting differentiation styles at stratovolcanoes of the southern Washington Cascades
Thomas W. Sisson, V. J. M. Salters, P.B. Larson
2013, Geological Society of America Bulletin (126) 122-144
Quaternary Mount Rainier (Washington, USA) of the Cascades magmatic arc consists of porphyritic calc-alkaline andesites and subordinate dacites, with common evidence for mingling and mixing with less evolved magmas encompassing andesites, basaltic andesites, and rarely, basalts. Basaltic andesites and amphibole andesites (spessartites) that erupted from vents at the north foot...
Functional diversity supports the physiological tolerance hypothesis for plant species richness along climatic gradients
Marko J. Spasojevic, James B. Grace, Susan Harrison, Ellen Ingman Damschen
2013, Journal of Ecology (102) 447-455
1. The physiological tolerance hypothesis proposes that plant species richness is highest in warm and/or wet climates because a wider range of functional strategies can persist under such conditions. Functional diversity metrics, combined with statistical modeling, offer new ways to test whether diversity-environment relationships are consistent with this hypothesis. 2....
Comparative microhabitat characteristics at oviposition sites of the California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii)
Jeff A. Alvarez, David G. Cook, Julie L. Yee, Michael G. van Hattem, Darren R. Fong, Robert N. Fisher
2013, Herpetological Conservation and Biology (8) 539-551
We studied the microhabitat characteristics of 747 egg masses of the federally-threatened Rana draytonii (California red-legged frog) at eight sites in California. our study showed that a broad range of aquatic habitats are utilized by ovipositing R. draytonii, including sites with perennial and ephemeral water sources, natural and constructed wetlands,...
Tensor-guided fitting of subduction slab depths
Farhad Bazargani, Gavin P. Hayes
2013, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (103) 2657-2669
Geophysical measurements are often acquired at scattered locations in space. Therefore, interpolating or fitting the sparsely sampled data as a uniform function of space (a procedure commonly known as gridding) is a ubiquitous problem in geophysics. Most gridding methods require a model of spatial correlation for data. This spatial correlation...
