Mid-Piacenzian sea surface temperature record from ODP Site 1115 in the western equatorial Pacific
Danielle Stoll
2010, Stratigraphy (7) 1-6
Planktic foraminifer assemblages and alkenone unsaturation ratios have been analyzed for the mid-Piacen-zian (3.3 to 2.9 Ma) section of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1115B, located in the western equatorial Pacific off the coast of New Guinea. Cold and warm season sea surface temperature (SST) estimates were determined using a...
Response to Germann's "Comment on 'theory for source-responsive and free-surface film modeling of unsaturated flow'"
J. R. Nimmo
2010, Vadose Zone Journal (9) 1102-1104
Germann's (2010) comment helpfully presents supporting evidence that I have missed, notes items that need clarification or correction, and stimulates discussion of what is needed for improved theory of unsaturated flow. Several points from this comment relate not only to specific features of the content of my paper (Nimmo, 2010),...
Soil-test N recommendations augmented with PEST-optimized RZWQM simulations
R.W. Malone, D.B. Jaynes, Liwang Ma, B. T. Nolan, D.W. Meek, D.L. Karlen
2010, Journal of Environmental Quality (39) 1711-1723
Improved understanding of year-to-year late-spring soil nitrate test (LSNT) variability could help make it more attractive to producers. We test the ability of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) to simulate watershed-scale variability due to the LSNT, and we use the optimized model to simulate long-term field N dynamics...
Aquifer geochemistry at potential aquifer storage and recovery sites in coastal plain aquifers in the New York city area, USA
C. J. Brown, P.E. Misut
2010, Applied Geochemistry (25) 1431-1452
The effects of injecting oxic water from the New York city (NYC) drinking-water supply and distribution system into a nearby anoxic coastal plain aquifer for later recovery during periods of water shortage (aquifer storage and recovery, or ASR) were simulated by a 3-dimensional, reactive-solute transport model. The Cretaceous aquifer system...
Quantifying data worth toward reducing predictive uncertainty
A.M. Dausman, J. Doherty, C.D. Langevin, M.C. Sukop
2010, Ground Water (48) 729-740
The present study demonstrates a methodology for optimization of environmental data acquisition. Based on the premise that the worth of data increases in proportion to its ability to reduce the uncertainty of key model predictions, the methodology can be used to compare the worth of different data types, gathered at...
Land-use controls on sources and processing of nitrate in small watersheds: Insights from dual isotopic analysis
R.T. Barnes, P.A. Raymond
2010, Ecological Applications (20) 1961-1978
Studies have repeatedly shown that agricultural and urban areas export considerably more nitrogen to streams than forested counterparts, yet it is difficult to identify and quantify nitrogen sources to streams due to complications associated with terrestrial and in-stream biogeochemical processes. In this study, we used the isotopic composition of nitrate...
Radiometric, geometric, and image quality assessment of ALOS AVNIR-2 and PRISM sensors
S. Saunier, P. Goryl, G. Chander, R. Santer, M. Bouvet, B. Collet, A. Mambimba, Aksakal S. Kocaman
2010, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (48) 3855-3866
The Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) was launched on January 24, 2006, by a Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) H-IIA launcher. It carries three remote-sensing sensors: 1) the Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer type 2 (AVNIR-2); 2) the Panchromatic Remote-Sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM); and 3) the Phased-Array type...
Numerical simulation of a low-lying barrier island's morphological response to Hurricane Katrina
C.A. Lindemer, N.G. Plant, Jack A. Puleo, D.M. Thompson, T.V. Wamsley
2010, Coastal Engineering (57) 985-995
Tropical cyclones that enter or form in the Gulf of Mexico generate storm surge and large waves that impact low-lying coastlines along the Gulf Coast. The Chandeleur Islands, located 161. km east of New Orleans, Louisiana, have endured numerous hurricanes that have passed nearby. Hurricane Katrina (landfall near Waveland MS,...
Direct and indirect responses of tallgrass prairie butterflies to prescribed burning
Jennifer A. Vogel, Rolf R. Koford, Diane M. Debinski
2010, Journal of Insect Conservation (14) 663-677
Fire is an important tool in the conservation and restoration of tallgrass prairie ecosystems. We investigated how both the vegetation composition and butterfly community of tallgrass prairie remnants changed in relation to the elapsed time (in months) since prescribed fire. Butterfly richness and butterfly abundance were positively correlated with the...
A comprehensive multilocus phylogeny for the wood-warblers and a revised classification of the Parulidae (Aves)
I.J. Lovette, J. L. Perez-Eman, J.P. Sullivan, R.C. Banks, I. Fiorentino, S. Cordoba-Cordoba, M. Echeverry-Galvis, F.K. Barker, K.J. Burns, J. Klicka, Scott M. Lanyon, E. Bermingham
2010, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (57) 753-770
The birds in the family Parulidae-commonly termed the New World warblers or wood-warblers-are a classic model radiation for studies of ecological and behavioral differentiation. Although the monophyly of a 'core' wood-warbler clade is well established, no phylogenetic hypothesis for this group has included a full sampling of wood-warbler species diversity....
An analysis of the carbon balance of the Arctic Basin from 1997 to 2006
A. D. McGuire, D.J. Hayes, D. W. Kicklighter, M. Manizza, Q. Zhuang, M. Chen, M.J. Follows, K.R. Gurney, J.W. McClelland, J. M. Melillo, B. J. Peterson, R.G. Prinn
2010, Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology (62) 455-474
This study used several model-based tools to analyse the dynamics of the Arctic Basin between 1997 and 2006 as a linked system of land-ocean-atmosphere C exchange. The analysis estimates that terrestrial areas of the Arctic Basin lost 62.9 Tg C yr-1 and that the Arctic Ocean gained 94.1 Tg C...
Targeting land-use change for nitratenitrogen load reductions in an agricultural watershed
M.K. Jha, K. E. Schilling, Philip W. Gassman, C.F. Wolter
2010, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (65) 342-352
The research was conducted as part of the USDA's Conservation Effects Assessment Project. The objective of the project was to evaluate the environmental effects of land-use changes, with a focus on understanding how the spatial distribution throughout a watershed influences their effectiveness.The Soil and Water AssessmentTool (SWAT) water quality model...
Quaternary Sea-ice history in the Arctic Ocean based on a new Ostracode sea-ice proxy
T. M. Cronin, L. Gemery, W.M. Briggs, M. Jakobsson, L. Polyak, E. M. Brouwers
2010, Quaternary Science Reviews (29) 3415-3429
Paleo-sea-ice history in the Arctic Ocean was reconstructed using the sea-ice dwelling ostracode Acetabulastoma arcticum from late Quaternary sediments from the Mendeleyev, Lomonosov, and Gakkel Ridges, the Morris Jesup Rise and the Yermak Plateau. Results suggest intermittently high levels of perennial sea ice in the central Arctic Ocean during Marine...
Fault weakening and earthquake instability by powder lubrication
Z. Reches, D.A. Lockner
2010, Nature (467) 452-455
Earthquake instability has long been attributed to fault weakening during accelerated slip1, and a central question of earthquake physics is identifying the mechanisms that control this weakening2. Even with much experimental effort2-12, the weakening mechanisms have remained enigmatic. Here we present evidence for dynamic weakening of experimental faults that are...
Carbon and hydrogen isotopic reversals in deep basin gas: Evidence for limits to the stability of hydrocarbons
R.C. Burruss, C.D. Laughrey
2010, Organic Geochemistry (41) 1285-1296
During studies of unconventional natural gas reservoirs of Silurian and Ordovician age in the northern Appalachian basin we observed complete reversal of the normal trend of carbon isotopic composition, such that ??13C methane (C1) >??13C ethane (C2) >??13C propane (C3). In addition, we have observed isotopic reversals in the ??2H...
Zircon reveals protracted magma storage and recycling beneath Mount St. Helens
L.L. Claiborne, C. F. Miller, D.M. Flanagan, M.A. Clynne, J. L. Wooden
2010, Geology (38) 1011-1014
Current data and models for Mount St. Helens volcano (Washington, United States) suggest relatively rapid transport from magma genesis to eruption, with no evidence for protracted storage or recycling of magmas. However, we show here that complex zircon age populations extending back hundreds of thousands of years from eruption age...
Experimental investigation of observation error in anuran call surveys
B.T. McClintock, L.L. Bailey, K. H. Pollock, T.R. Simons
2010, Journal of Wildlife Management (74) 1882-1893
Occupancy models that account for imperfect detection are often used to monitor anuran and songbird species occurrence. However, presenceabsence data arising from auditory detections may be more prone to observation error (e.g., false-positive detections) than are sampling approaches utilizing physical captures or sightings of individuals. We conducted realistic, replicated field...
Short baseline variations in site response and wave-propagation effects and their structural causes: Four examples in and around the santa clara valley, California
S. Hartzell, L. Ramirez-Guzman, D. Carver, P. Liu
2010, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (100) 2264-2286
Ground motion records of local and regional events from a portable array are used to investigate the structural causes of variations in ground motion over distances of a few hundred meters to a few kilometers in the sedimentary basin environment of the Santa Clara Valley, California, and its margins. Arrays...
Grid-size dependence of Cauchy boundary conditions used to simulate stream-aquifer interactions
S. Mehl, M. C. Hill
2010, Advances in Water Resources (33) 430-442
This work examines the simulation of stream–aquifer interactions as grids are refined vertically and horizontally and suggests that traditional methods for calculating conductance can produce inappropriate values when the grid size is changed. Instead, different grid resolutions require different estimated values. Grid refinement strategies considered include global refinement of the...
Changes in agriculture and abundance of snow geese affect carrying capacity of sandhill cranes in Nebraska
A.T. Pearse, Gary L. Krapu, D.A. Brandt, P.J. Kinzel
2010, Journal of Wildlife Management (74) 479-488
The central Platte River valley (CPRV) in Nebraska, USA, is a key spring-staging area for approximately 80 of the midcontinent population of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis; hereafter cranes). Evidence that staging cranes acquired less lipid reserves during the 1990s compared to the late 1970s and increases in use of the...
Discovery of ammocrypta clara (western sand darter) in the Upper Ohio River of West Virginia
Dan A. Cincotta, Stuart A. Welsh
2010, American Midland Naturalist (163) 318-325
Ammocrypta clara Jordan and Meek (western sand darter) occurs primarily in the western portions of Mississippi River system, but also has been reported from a Lake Michigan drainage and a few eastern Texas Gulf Slope rivers. Additional range records depict a semi-disjunct distribution within the Ohio River drainage, including collections from...
The sedimentology and dynamics of crater-affiliated wind streaks in western Arabia Terra, Mars and Patagonia, Argentina
J.A.P. Rodriguez, K. L. Tanaka, A. Yamamoto, D.C. Berman, J. R. Zimbelman, J.S. Kargel, S. Sasaki, Y. Jinguo, H. Miyamoto
2010, Geomorphology (121) 30-54
Wind streaks comprise recent aeolian deposits that have been extensively documented on Venus, Earth and Mars. Martian wind streaks are among the most abundant surface features on the planet and commonly extend from the downwind margins of impact craters. Previous studies of wind streaks emerging from crater interior deposits suggested...
Structural geology of Amazonian-aged layered sedimentary deposits in southwest Candor Chasma, Mars
Chris Okubo
2010, Icarus (207) 210-225
The structural geology of an outcropping of layered sedimentary deposits in southwest Candor Chasma is mapped using two adjacent high-resolution (1 m/pixel) HiRISE digital elevation models and orthoimagery. Analysis of these structural data yields new insight into the depositional and deformational history of these deposits. Bedding in non-deformed areas generally...
Three-dimensional long-period groundmotion simulations in the upper Mississippi embayment
K.A. Macpherson, E.W. Woolery, Z. Wang, P. Liu
2010, Seismological Research Letters (81) 391-405
We employed a 3D velocity model and 3D wave propagation code to simulate long-period ground motions in the upper Mississippi embayment. This region is at risk from large earthquakes in the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) and observational data are sparse, making simulation a valuable tool for predicting the effects...
Landscape influences on genetic differentiation among bull trout populations in a stream-lake network
M.H. Meeuwig, C.S. Guy, S.T. Kalinowski, W.A. Fredenberg
2010, Molecular Ecology (19) 3620-3633
This study examined the influence of landscape heterogeneity on genetic differentiation between migratory bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) populations in Glacier National Park, Montana. An information-theoretic approach was used to compare different conceptual models of dispersal associated with barriers, different models of isolation by distance, and the combined effects of barriers,...
