Soil nitrogen balance under wastewater management: Field measurements and simulation results
M. Sophocleous, M.A. Townsend, F. Vocasek, Liwang Ma, A. KC
2009, Journal of Environmental Quality (38) 1286-1301
The use of treated wastewater for irrigation of crops could result in high nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations in the vadose zone and ground water. The goal of this 2-yr field-monitoring study in the deep silty clay loam soils south of Dodge City, Kansas, was to assess how and under what circumstances...
Use of heat to estimate streambed fluxes during extreme hydrologic events
Jeannie R.B. Barlow, Richard H. Coupe
2009, Water Resources Research (45)
Using heat as a tracer, quantitative estimates of streambed fluxes and the critical stage for flow reversal were calculated for high‐flow events that occurred on the Bogue Phalia (a tributary of the Mississippi River) following the 2005 Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. In June 2005, piezometers were installed in the Bogue...
Implications of anthropogenic river stage fluctuations on mass transport in a valley fill aquifer
David F. Boutt, Brandon J. Fleming
2009, Water Resources Research (45)
In humid regions a strong coupling between surface water features and groundwater systems may exist. In these environments the exchange of water and solute depends primarily on the hydraulic gradient between the reservoirs. We hypothesize that daily changes in river stage associated with anthropogenic water releases (such as those from...
Localized double-array stacking analysis of PcP: D″ and ULVZ structure beneath the Cocos plate, Mexico, central Pacific, and north Pacific
Alexander R. Hutko, Thorne Lay, Justin Revenaugh
2009, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (173) 60-74
A large, high quality P-wave data set comprising short-period and broadband signals sampling four separate regions in the lowermost mantle beneath the Cocos plate, Mexico, the central Pacific, and the north Pacific is analyzed using regional one-dimensional double-array stacking and modelling with reflectivity synthetics. A data-screening criterion retains only events...
Rupture parameters of the 2003 Zemmouri (Mw 6.8), Algeria, earthquake from joint inversion of interferometric synthetic aperture radar, coastal uplift, and GPS
S. Belabbes, Charles Wicks, Z. Cakir, M. Meghraoui
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface (114)
We study the surface deformation associated with the 21 May 2003 (M w = 6.8) Zemmouri (Algeria) earthquake, the strongest seismic event felt in the Algiers region since 1716. The thrust earthquake mechanism and related surface deformation revealed an average 0.50 m coastal uplift along ??55-km-long coastline. We obtain coseismic...
Decline in bloater fecundity in Southern Lake Michigan after decline of Diporeia
D.B. Bunnell, S.R. David, C.P. Madenjian
2009, Journal of Great Lakes Research (35) 45-49
Population fecundity can vary through time, sometimes owing to changes in adult condition. Consideration of these fecundity changes can improve understanding of recruitment variation. Herein, we estimated fecundity of Lake Michigan bloater Coregonus hoyi during December 2005 and February 2006. Bloater recruitment has been highly variable from 1962 to present,...
Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modelling (LUCHEM) II: Ensemble combinations and predictions
N.R. Viney, H. Bormann, L. Breuer, A. Bronstert, B.F.W. Croke, H. Frede, T. Graff, L. Hubrechts, J. A. Huisman, A.J. Jakeman, G.W. Kite, J. Lanini, G. Leavesley, D.P. Lettenmaier, G. Lindstrom, J. Seibert, M. Sivapalan, P. Willems
2009, Advances in Water Resources (32) 147-158
This paper reports on a project to compare predictions from a range of catchment models applied to a mesoscale river basin in central Germany and to assess various ensemble predictions of catchment streamflow. The models encompass a large range in inherent complexity and input requirements. In approximate order of decreasing...
Assessment of water quality trends in the Minnesota River using non-parametric and parametric methods
H.O. Johnson, S.C. Gupta, A. V. Vecchia, F. Zvomuya
2009, Journal of Environmental Quality (38) 1018-1030
Excessive loading of sediment and nutrients to rivers is a major problem in many parts of the United States. In this study, we tested the non-parametric Seasonal Kendall (SEAKEN) trend model and the parametric USGS Quality of Water trend program (QWTREND) to quantify trends in water quality of the Minnesota...
Sources of uncertainty in flood inundation maps
J. D. Bales, C. R. Wagner
2009, Journal of Flood Risk Management (2) 139-147
Flood inundation maps typically have been used to depict inundated areas for floods having specific exceedance levels. The uncertainty associated with the inundation boundaries is seldom quantified, in part, because all of the sources of uncertainty are not recognized and because data available to quantify uncertainty seldom are available. Sources...
Inducing in situ, nonlinear soil response applying an active source
P.A. Johnson, P. Bodin, J. Gomberg, F. Pearce, Z. Lawrence, F.-Y. Menq
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (114)
[1] It is well known that soil sites have a profound effect on ground motion during large earthquakes. The complex structure of soil deposits and the highly nonlinear constitutive behavior of soils largely control nonlinear site response at soil sites. Measurements of nonlinear soil response under natural conditions are critical...
Detection and attribution of streamflow timing changes to climate change in the Western United States
H.G. Hidalgo, T. Das, M. D. Dettinger, D.R. Cayan, D.W. Pierce, T.P. Barnett, G. Bala, A. Mirin, A.W. Wood, Celine Bonfils, B.D. Santer, T. Nozawa
2009, Journal of Climate (22) 3838-3855
This article applies formal detection and attribution techniques to investigate the nature of observed shifts in the timing of streamflow in the western United States. Previous studies have shown that the snow hydrology of the western United States has changed in the second half of the twentieth century. Such changes...
Regional three-dimensional seismic velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle of northern California
C. Thurber, H. Zhang, T. Brocher, V. Langenheim
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (114)
We present a three-dimensional (3D) tomographic model of the P wave velocity (Vp) structure of northern California. We employed a regional-scale double-difference tomography algorithm that incorporates a finite-difference travel time calculator and spatial smoothing constraints. Arrival times from earthquakes and travel times from controlled-source explosions, recorded at network and/or temporary...
Elastic wave speeds and moduli in polycrystalline ice Ih, si methane hydrate, and sll methane-ethane hydrate
M.B. Helgerud, W.F. Waite, S. H. Kirby, A. Nur
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (114)
We used ultrasonic pulse transmission to measure compressional, P, and shear, S, wave speeds in laboratory-formed polycrystalline ice Ih, si methane hydrate, and sll methane-ethane hydrate. From the wave speed's linear dependence on temperature and pressure and from the sample's calculated density, we derived expressions for bulk, shear, and compressional...
Chemical weathering of a marine terrace chronosequence, Santa Cruz, California. Part II: Solute profiles, gradients and the comparisons of contemporary and long-term weathering rates
A. F. White, M. S. Schulz, David A. Stonestrom, D.V. Vivit, J. Fitzpatrick, T.D. Bullen, K. Maher, A.E. Blum
2009, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (73) 2769-2803
The spatial and temporal changes in hydrology and pore water elemental and 87Sr/86Sr compositions are used to determine contemporary weathering rates in a 65- to 226-kyr-old soil chronosequence formed from granitic sediments deposited on marine terraces along coastal California. Soil moisture, tension and saturation exhibit large seasonal variations in shallow...
A robust, multisite Holocene history of drift ice off northern Iceland: Implications for North Atlantic climate
John T. Andrews, D. Darby, D. Eberle, A. E. Jennings, M. Moros, A. Ogilvie
2009, Holocene (19) 71-77
An important indicator of Holocene climate change is provided by evidence for variations in the extent of drift ice. A proxy for drift ice in Iceland waters is provided by the presence of quartz. Quantitative x-ray diffraction analysis of the < 2 mm sediment fraction was undertaken on 16 cores...
Incorporating uncertainty into the ranking of SPARROW model nutrient yields from Mississippi/Atchafalaya River basin watersheds
Dale M. Robertson, Gregory E. Schwarz, David A. Saad, Richard B. Alexander
2009, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (45) 534-549
Excessive loads of nutrients transported by tributary rivers have been linked to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. Management efforts to reduce the hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico and improve the water quality of rivers and streams could benefit from targeting nutrient reductions toward watersheds with the highest...
A revised burial dose estimation procedure for optical dating of youngand modern-age sediments
L.J. Arnold, R.G. Roberts, R.F. Galbraith, S.B. DeLong
2009, Quaternary Geochronology (4) 306-325
The presence of genuinely zero-age or near-zero-age grains in modern-age and very young samples poses a problem for many existing burial dose estimation procedures used in optical (optically stimulated luminescence, OSL) dating. This difficulty currently necessitates consideration of relatively simplistic and statistically inferior age models. In this study, we investigate...
Characterization of Mars' seasonal caps using neutron spectroscopy
T.H. Prettyman, W. C. Feldman, T.N. Titus
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (114)
Mars' seasonal caps are characterized during Mars years 26 and 27 (April 2002 to January 2006) using data acquired by the 2001 Mars Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer. Time-dependent maps of the column abundance of seasonal CO 2 surface ice poleward of 60?? latitude in both hemispheres are determined from spatially deconvolved,...
Compositions of modern dust and surface sediments in the Desert Southwest, United States
M.C. Reheis, J. R. Budahn, P. J. Lamothe, R. L. Reynolds
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface (114)
Modern dusts across southwestern United States deserts are compositionally similar to dust-rich Av soil horizons (depths of 0-0.5 cm and 1-4 cm at 35 sites) for common crustal elements but distinctly different for some trace elements. Chemical compositions and magnetic properties of the soil samples are similar among sites relative...
Evaluating the spatial variation of total mercury in young-of-year yellow perch (Perca flavescens), surface water and upland soil for watershed-lake systems within the southern Boreal Shield
M.C. Gabriel, R. Kolka, T. Wickman, E. Nater, Laurel G. Woodruff
2009, Science of the Total Environment (407) 4117-4126
The primary objective of this research is to investigate relationships between mercury in upland soil, lake water and fish tissue and explore the cause for the observed spatial variation of THg in age one yellow perch (Perca flavescens) for ten lakes within the Superior National Forest. Spatial relationships between yellow...
Seasonal-scale nearshore morphological evolution: Field observations and numerical modeling
P. Ruggiero, D.-J.R. Walstra, G. Gelfenbaum, Ormondt M. van
2009, Coastal Engineering (56) 1153-1172
A coupled waves-currents-bathymetric evolution model (DELFT-3D) is compared with field measurements to test hypotheses regarding the processes responsible for alongshore varying nearshore morphological changes at seasonal time scales. A 2001 field experiment, along the beaches adjacent to Grays Harbor, Washington, USA, captured the transition between the high-energy erosive conditions of...
The morphology and distribution of submerged reefs in the Maui-Nui Complex, Hawaii: New insights into their evolution since the Early Pleistocene
Iain D.E. Faichney, James M. Webster, David A. Clague, Chris Kelley, Bruce Applegate, James G. Moore
2009, Marine Geology (265) 130-145
Reef drowning and backstepping have long been recognised as reef responses to sea-level rise on subsiding margins. During the Late Pleistocene (~500–14 ka) Hawaiian reefs grew in response to rapid subsidence and 120 m 100 kyr sea-level cycles, with recent work on the submerged drowned reefs around the...
On constraining pilot point calibration with regularization in PEST
M.N. Fienen, C.T. Muffels, R. J. Hunt
2009, Ground Water (47) 835-844
Ground water model calibration has made great advances in recent years with practical tools such as PEST being instrumental for making the latest techniques available to practitioners. As models and calibration tools get more sophisticated, however, the power of these tools can be misapplied, resulting in poor parameter estimates and/or...
The Asian clam Corbicula fluminea as a biomonitor of trace element contamination: Accounting for different sources of variation using an hierarchical linear model
W. A. Shoults-Wilson, J.T. Peterson, J. M. Unrine, J. Rickard, M.C. Black
2009, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (28) 2224-2232
In the present study, specimens of the invasive clam, Corbicula fluminea, were collected above and below possible sources of potentially toxic trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn) in the Altamaha River system (Georgia, USA). Bioaccumulation of these elements was quantified, along with environmental (water and sediment)...
The relative influence of geographic location and reach-scale habitat on benthic invertebrate assemblages in six ecoregions
M.D. Munn, I.R. Waite, D. P. Larsen, A.T. Herlihy
2009, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (154) 1-14
The objective of this study was to determine the relative influence of reach-specific habitat variables and geographic location on benthic invertebrate assemblages within six ecoregions across the Western USA. This study included 417 sites from six ecoregions. A total of 301 taxa were collected with the highest richness associated with...
