SToRM: A numerical model for environmental surface flows
Francisco J. Simoes
2009, Conference Paper, 33rd IAHR Congress: Water Engineering for a Sustainable Environment
SToRM (System for Transport and River Modeling) is a numerical model developed to simulate free surface flows in complex environmental domains. It is based on the depth-averaged St. Venant equations, which are discretized using unstructured upwind finite volume methods, and contains both steady and unsteady solution techniques. This article provides...
The weathering of a sulfide orebody: Speciation and fate of some potential contaminants
A. Courtin-Nomade, C. Grosbois, M.A. Marcus, S.C. Fakra, J.-M. Beny, A. L. Foster
2009, Canadian Mineralogist (47) 493-508
Various potentially toxic trace elements such as As, Cu, Pb and Zn have been remobilized by the weathering of a sulfide orebody that was only partially mined at Leona Heights, California. As a result, this body has both natural and anthropogeni- cally modified weathering profiles only 500 m apart. The...
Deer carcass decomposition and potential scavenger exposure to chronic wasting disease
C.S. Jennelle, M.D. Samuel, C.A. Nolden, E.A. Berkley
2009, Journal of Wildlife Management (73) 655-662
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy afflicting the Cervidae family in North America, causing neurodegeneration and ultimately death. Although there are no reports of natural cross-species transmission of CWD to noncervids, infected deer carcasses pose a potential risk of CWD exposure for other animals. We placed 40...
Holocene climate on the Modoc Plateau, northern California, USA: The view from Medicine Lake
Scott W. Starratt
2009, Hydrobiologia (631) 197-211
Medicine Lake is a small (165 ha), relatively shallow (average 7.3 m), intermediate elevation (2,036 m) lake located within the summit caldera of Medicine Lake volcano, Siskiyou County, California, USA. Sediment cores and high-resolution bathymetric and seismic reflection data were collected from the lake during the fall of 1999 and 2000. Sediments were...
Selected achievements, science directions, and new opportunities for the WEBB small watershed research program
Pierre D. Glynn, Matthew C. Larsen, Earl A. Greene, Heather L. Buss, David W. Clow, Randall J. Hunt, M. Alisa Mast, Sheila F. Murphy, Norman E. Peters, Stephen D. Sebestyen, James B. Shanley, John F. Walker
2009, Conference Paper, Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR 2009-5049)
Over nearly two decades, the Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) small watershed research program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has documented how water and solute fluxes, nutrient, carbon, and mercury dynamics, and weathering and sediment transport respond to natural and humancaused drivers, including climate, climate change, and atmospheric...
An ecosystem services framework for multidisciplinary research in the Colorado River headwaters
D.J. Semmens, J.S. Briggs, D.A. Martin
2009, Conference Paper, Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR 2009-5049)
A rapidly spreading Mountain Pine Beetle epidemic is killing lodgepole pine forest in the Rocky Mountains, causing landscape change on a massive scale. Approximately 1.5 million acres of lodgepoledominated forest is already dead or dying in Colorado, the infestation is still spreading rapidly, and it is expected that in excess...
Engaging stakeholders for adaptive management using structured decision analysis
Elise R. Irwin, D. Kathryn, Mickett Kennedy
2009, Conference Paper, Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR 2009-5049)
Adaptive management is different from other types of management in that it includes all stakeholders (versus only policy makers) in the process, uses resource optimization techniques to evaluate competing objectives, and recognizes and attempts to reduce uncertainty inherent in natural resource systems. Management actions are negotiated by stakeholders, monitored results...
Review: Progress in rotational ground-motion observations from explosions and local earthquakes in Taiwan
William H. K. Lee, Bor-Shouh Huang, Charles A. Langston, Chin-Jen Lin, Chun-Chi Liu, Tzay-Chyn Shin, Ta-Liang Teng, Chien-Fu Wu
2009, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (99) 958-967
Rotational motions generated by large earthquakes in the far field have been successfully measured, and observations agree well with the classical elasticity theory. However, recent rotational measurements in the near field of earthquakes in Japan and in Taiwan indicate that rotational ground motions are 10 to 100 times larger...
Water velocity, turbulence, and migration rate of subyearling fall Chinook salmon in the free-flowing and impounded Snake River
Kenneth F. Tiffan, Tobias J. Kock, Craig A. Haskell, William P. Connor, R. Kirk Steinhorst
2009, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (138) 373-384
We studied the migratory behavior of subyearling fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in free-flowing and impounded reaches of the Snake River to evaluate the hypothesis that velocity and turbulence are the primary causal mechanisms of downstream migration. The hypothesis states that impoundment reduces velocity and turbulence and alters the migratory...
Responses of benthic macroinvertebrates to urbanization in nine metropolitan areas of the conterminous United States
T. F. Cuffney, G. McMahon, R. Kashuba, J. T. May, I.R. Waite
2009, Conference Paper, Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR 2009-5049)
The effects of urbanization on benthic macroinvertebrates were investigated in nine metropolitan areas (Boston, MA; Raleigh, NC; Atlanta, GA; Birmingham, AL; Milwaukee–Green Bay, WI; Denver, CO; Dallas–Fort Worth, TX; Salt Lake City, UT; and Portland, OR) as a part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program. Several...
A multidisciplinary effort to assign realistic source parameters to models of volcanic ash-cloud transport and dispersion during eruptions
Larry G. Mastin, Marianne C. Guffanti, R. Servranckx, P. Webley, S. Barsotti, K. Dean, A. Durant, John W. Ewert, A. Neri, W.I. Rose, David J. Schneider, Lee Siebert, B. Stunder, G. Swanson, A. Tupper, A. Volentik, Christopher F. Waythomas
2009, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (186) 10-21
During volcanic eruptions, volcanic ash transport and dispersion models (VATDs) are used to forecast the location and movement of ash clouds over hours to days in order to define hazards to aircraft and to communities downwind. Those models use input parameters, called “eruption source parameters”, such as plume height H,...
Measurement of soil carbon oxidation state and oxidative ratio by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance
W.C. Hockaday, C.A. Masiello, J. T. Randerson, R.J. Smernik, J.A. Baldock, O.A. Chadwick, J.W. Harden
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences (114)
The oxidative ratio (OR) of the net ecosystem carbon balance is the ratio of net O2 and CO2 fluxes resulting from photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and other lateral and vertical carbon flows. The OR of the terrestrial biosphere must be well characterized to accurately estimate the terrestrial CO2 sink using atmospheric...
Disease, predation and demography: Assessing the impacts of bovine tuberculosis on African buffalo by monitoring at individual and population levels
P.C. Cross, D.M. Heisey, J.A. Bowers, C.T. Hay, J. Wolhuter, P. Buss, M. Hofmeyr, A.L. Michel, Roy G. Bengis, T.L.F. Bird, Johan T. du Toit, W.M. Getz
2009, Journal of Applied Ecology (46) 467-475
SummaryUnderstanding the effects of disease is critical to determining appropriate management responses, but estimating those effects in wildlife species is challenging. We used bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in the African buffalo Syncerus caffer population of Kruger National Park, South Africa, as a case study to highlight the issues associated with estimating...
A multi-proxy palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic record within full glacial lacustrine deposits, western Tennessee, USA
D.A. Grimley, L. Daniel, S.W. Kaplan, C.H. Yansa, B. Brandon Curry, E.A. Oches
2009, Journal of Quaternary Science (24) 960-981
The Fulton Section, along the Mississippi River in western Tennessee, USA, is a 1km continuous exposure (~20m vertically) of Quaternary fluvial and lacustrine deposits, inset within Eocene sediments and buried by thick loess. Fossiliferous slackwater lake sediments record maximum aggradation during the last two major glaciations, with deposition between ca....
High-frequency Rayleigh-wave method
J. Xia, R. D. Miller, Y. Xu, Y. Luo, C. Chen, J. Liu, J. Ivanov, C. Zeng
2009, Earth Science (20) 563-579
High-frequency (≥2 Hz) Rayleigh-wave data acquired with a multichannel recording system have been utilized to determine shear (S)-wave velocities in near-surface geophysics since the early 1980s. This overview article discusses the main research results of high-frequency surface-wave techniques achieved by research groups at the Kansas Geological...
Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modelling (LUCHEM) II: Ensemble combinations and predictions
N.R. Viney, H. Bormann, L. Breuer, A. Bronstert, B.F.W. Croke, H. Frede, T. Graff, L. Hubrechts, J. A. Huisman, A.J. Jakeman, G.W. Kite, J. Lanini, G. Leavesley, D.P. Lettenmaier, G. Lindstrom, J. Seibert, M. Sivapalan, P. Willems
2009, Advances in Water Resources (32) 147-158
This paper reports on a project to compare predictions from a range of catchment models applied to a mesoscale river basin in central Germany and to assess various ensemble predictions of catchment streamflow. The models encompass a large range in inherent complexity and input requirements. In approximate order of decreasing...
Surface complexation of carboxylate adheres Cryptosporidium parvum öocysts to the hematite-water interface
X. Gao, David W. Metge, C. Ray, Ronald W. Harvey, J. Chorover
2009, Environmental Science & Technology (43) 7423-7429
The interaction of viable Cryptosporidium parvum öocysts at the hematite (α-Fe2O3)−water interface was examined over a wide range in solution chemistry using in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Spectra for hematite-sorbed öocysts showed distinct changes in carboxylate group vibrations relative to spectra obtained in the absence of hematite,...
Integrated treatment process using a natural Wyoming clinoptilolite for remediating produced waters from coalbed natural gas operations
H. Zhao, G.F. Vance, M.A. Urynowicz, R.W. Gregory
2009, Applied Clay Science (42) 379-385
Coalbed natural gas (CBNG) development in western U.S. states has resulted in an increase in an essential energy resource, but has also resulted in environmental impacts and additional regulatory needs. A concern associated with CBNG development relates to the production of the copious quantities of potentially saline-sodic groundwater required to...
Polar organic compounds in pore waters of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Eyreville core hole: Character of the dissolved organic carbon and comparison with drilling fluids
Colleen E. Rostad, Ward E. Sanford
2009, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America (458) 891-903
Pore waters from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure cores recovered at Eyreville Farm, Northampton County, Virginia, were analyzed to characterize the dissolved organic carbon. After squeezing or centrifuging, a small volume of pore water, 100 μL, was taken for analysis by electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry. Pore-water samples were analyzed directly without...
Detrital U-Pb zircon dating of lower Ordovician syn-arc-continent collision conglomerates in the Irish Caledonides
P.D. Clift, A. Carter, A.E. Draut, H.V. Long, D.M. Chew, H.A. Schouten
2009, Tectonophysics (479) 165-174
The Early Ordovician Grampian Orogeny in the British Isles represents a classic example of collision between an oceanic island arc and a passive continental margin, starting around 480 Ma. The South Mayo Trough in western Ireland preserves a complete and well-dated sedimentary record of arc collision. We sampled sandstones and...
Evaluating highly resolved paleoclimate records in the frequency domain for multidecadal-scale climate variability
Kristine L. DeLong, Terrence M. Quinn, Gary T. Mitchum, Richard Z. Poore
2009, Geophysical Research Letters (36)
[1] Do the chronological methods used in the construction of paleoclimate records influence the results of the frequency analysis applied to them? We explore this phenomenon using the Dongge Cave speleothem record (U-series chronology with variable time steps, Δt) and the El Malpais tree-ring index (cross-dating...
Soil nitrogen balance under wastewater management: Field measurements and simulation results
M. Sophocleous, M.A. Townsend, F. Vocasek, Liwang Ma, A. KC
2009, Journal of Environmental Quality (38) 1286-1301
The use of treated wastewater for irrigation of crops could result in high nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations in the vadose zone and ground water. The goal of this 2-yr field-monitoring study in the deep silty clay loam soils south of Dodge City, Kansas, was to assess how and under what circumstances...
Impacts of acidification on macroinvertebrate communities in streams of the western Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA
Barry P. Baldigo, G.B. Lawrence, R.W. Bode, H. A. Simonin, K. M. Roy, A. J. Smith
2009, Ecological Indicators (9) 226-239
Limited stream chemistry and macroinvertebrate data indicate that acidic deposition has adversely affected benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in numerous headwater streams of the western Adirondack Mountains of New York. No studies, however, have quantified the effects that acidic deposition and acidification may have had on resident fish and macroinvertebrate communities in...
On the use of high-resolution topographic data as a proxy for seismic site conditions (VS30)
T.I. Allen, D.J. Wald
2009, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (99) 935-943
An alternative method has recently been proposed for evaluating global seismic site conditions, or the average shear velocity to 30 m depth (VS30), from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 30 arcsec digital elevation models (DEMs). The basic premise of the method is that the topographic slope can be used...
Hydrologic characterization of desert soils with varying degrees of pedogenesis: 2. Inverse modeling for eff ective properties
B.B. Mirus, K. S. Perkins, J. R. Nimmo, K. Singha
2009, Vadose Zone Journal (8) 496-509
To understand their relation to pedogenic development, soil hydraulic properties in the Mojave Desert were investi- gated for three deposit types: (i) recently deposited sediments in an active wash, (ii) a soil of early Holocene age, and (iii) a highly developed soil of late Pleistocene age. Eff ective parameter values...
