Vicarious calibration of GOES imager visible channel using the moon
X. Wu, T.C. Stone, F. Yu, D. Han
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
In this paper, we study the feasibility of a method for vicarious calibration of the GOES Imager visible channel using the Moon. The measured Moon irradiance from 26 undipped moon imagers exhausted all the potential Moon appearances between July 1998 and December 2005, together with the seven scheduled Moon observation...
Diatom diversity in chronically versus episodically acidified adirondack streams
S.I. Passy, I. Ciugulea, G.B. Lawrence
2006, International Review of Hydrobiology (91) 594-608
The relationship between algal species richness and diversity, and pH is controversial. Furthermore, it is still unknown how episodic stream acidification following atmospheric deposition affects species richness and diversity. Here we analyzed water chemistry and diatom epiphyton dynamics and showed their contrasting behavior in chronically vs. episodically acidic streams in...
Dependence of soil respiration on soil temperature and soil moisture in successional forests in Southern China
X.-L. Tang, G.-Y. Zhou, S.-G. Liu, D.-Q. Zhang, S.-Z. Liu, Ji Li, C.-Y. Zhou
2006, Journal of Integrative Plant Biology (48) 654-663
The spatial and temporal variations in soil respiration and its relationship with biophysical factors in forests near the Tropic of Cancer remain highly uncertain. To contribute towards an improvement of actual estimates, soil respiration rates, soil temperature, and soil moisture were measured in three successional subtropical forests at the Dinghushan...
Wild bird mortality and West Nile virus surveillance: Biases associated with detection, reporting, and carcass persistence
M.R. Ward, D.E. Stallknecht, J. Willis, M.J. Conroy, W.R. Davidson
2006, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (42) 92-106
Surveillance targeting dead wild birds, in particular American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos), plays a critical role in West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance in the United States. Using crow decoy surrogates, detection and reporting of crow carcasses within urban and rural environments of DeKalb County, Georgia were assessed for potential biases that...
Thickness distribution of a cooling pyroclastic flow deposit on Augustine Volcano, Alaska: Optimization using InSAR, FEMs, and an adaptive mesh algorithm
Timothy Masterlark, Zhong Lu, Russell P. Rykhus
2006, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (150) 186-201
Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) imagery documents the consistent subsidence, during the interval 1992–1999, of a pyroclastic flow deposit (PFD) emplaced during the 1986 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska. We construct finite element models (FEMs) that simulate thermoelastic contraction of the PFD to account for the observed subsidence. Three-dimensional problem...
Modeling the effect of varying swim speeds on fish passage through velocity barriers
T. Castro-Santos
2006, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (135) 1230-1237
The distance fish can swim through zones of high-velocity flow is an important factor limiting the distribution and conservation of riverine and diadromous fishes. Often, these barriers are characterized by nonuniform flow conditions, and it is likely that fish will swim at varying speeds to traverse them. Existing models used...
Carryover aquatic effects on survival of metamorphic frogs during pond emigration
N.D. Chelgren, D.K. Rosenberg, S.S. Heppell, A.I. Gitelman
2006, Ecological Applications (16) 250-261
In organisms with complex life cycles, physiological stressors during early life stages may have fitness-level impacts that are delayed into later stages or habitats. We tested the hypothesis that body size and date of metamorphosis, which are highly responsive to aquatic stressors, influence post-metamorphic survival and movement patterns in the...
Bromus tectorum invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an undisturbed arid grassland ecosystem
L.J. Sperry, Jayne Belnap, R.D. Evans
2006, Ecology (87) 603-615
The nonnative annual grass Bromus tectorum has successfully replaced native vegetation in many arid and semiarid ecosystems. Initial introductions accompanied grazing and agriculture, making it difficult to separate the effects of invasion from physical disturbance. This study examined N dynamics in two recently invaded, undisturbed vegetation associations...
Real-time measurement of volcanic SO2 emissions: Validation of a new UV correlation spectrometer (FLYSPEC)
Keith A. Horton, Glyn Williams-Jones, Harold Garbeil, Tamar Elias, A. Jeff Sutton, Peter J. Mouginis-Mark, John T. Porter, Steven Clegg
2006, Bulletin of Volcanology (68) 323-327
A miniaturized, lightweight and low-cost UV correlation spectrometer, the FLYSPEC, has been developed as an alternative for the COSPEC, which has long been the mainstay for monitoring volcanic sulfur dioxide fluxes. Field experiments have been conducted with the FLYSPEC at diverse volcanic systems, including Masaya (Nicaragua), Poás (Costa Rica), Stromboli,...
A cool eastern Pacific Ocean at the close of the Last Interglacial complex
D.R. Muhs, K. R. Simmons, G. L. Kennedy, K.R. Ludwig, L.T. Groves
2006, Conference Paper, Quaternary Science Reviews
New high-precision thermal ionization mass-spectrometric (TIMS) U-series ages of solitary corals (Balanophyllia elegans) from several marine terrace localities along the California and southern Oregon coasts date to the ???80,000 yr BP high stand of sea, correlative with marine isotope substage 5a, late in the last interglacial complex. Ages of multiple...
Modeling spatial and temporal variations in temperature and salinity during stratification and overturn in Dexter Pit Lake, Tuscarora, Nevada, USA
Laurie S. Balistrieri, R.N. Tempel, L.L. Stillings, L.A. Shevenell
2006, Applied Geochemistry (21) 1184-1203
This paper examines the seasonal cycling of temperature and salinity in Dexter pit lake in arid northern Nevada, and describes an approach for modeling the physical processes that operate in such systems. The pit lake contains about 596,200 m3 of dilute, near neutral (pHs 6.7–9) water. Profiles of temperature, conductivity, and selected...
Homogeneity of small-scale earthquake faulting, stress, and fault strength
J.L. Hardebeck
2006, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (96) 1675-1688
Small-scale faulting at seismogenic depths in the crust appears to be more homogeneous than previously thought. I study three new high-quality focal-mechanism datasets of small (M < ??? 3) earthquakes in southern California, the east San Francisco Bay, and the aftershock sequence of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. I quantify...
Effect of dispersal at range edges on the structure of species ranges
V. Bahn, R.J. O’Connor, W.B. Krohn
2006, Oikos (115) 89-96
Range edges are of particular interest to ecology because they hold key insights into the limits of the realized niche and associated population dynamics. A recent feature of Oikos summarized the state of the art on range edge ecology. While the typical question is what causes range edges, another important...
Uplift and subsidence associated with the great Aceh-Andaman earthquake of 2004
A.J. Meltzner, K. Sieh, M. Abrams, D.C. Agnew, K.W. Hudnut, J.-P. Avouac, D.H. Natawidjaja
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (111)
Rupture of the Sunda megathrust on 26 December 2004 produced broad regions of uplift and subsidence. We define the pivot line separating these regions as a first step in defining the lateral extent and the downdip limit of rupture during that great Mw ??? 9.2 earthquake. In the region of...
The effect of calcium on aqueous uranium(VI) speciation and adsorption to ferrihydrite and quartz
P.M. Fox, J.A. Davis, J.M. Zachara
2006, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (70) 1379-1387
Recent studies of uranium(VI) geochemistry have focused on the potentially important role of the aqueous species, CaUO2(CO3)32− and Ca2UO2(CO3)30(aq), on inhibition of microbial reduction and uranium(VI) aqueous speciation in contaminated groundwater. However, to our knowledge, there have been no direct studies of the effects...
Cross-shore velocity shear, eddies and heterogeneity in water column properties over fringing coral reefs: West Maui, Hawaii
C. D. Storlazzi, M.A. McManus, J.B. Logan, B.E. McLaughlin
2006, Continental Shelf Research (26) 401-421
A multi-day hydrographic survey cruise was conducted to acquire spatially extensive, but temporally limited, high-resolution, three-dimensional measurements of currents, temperature, salinity and turbidity off West Maui in the summer of 2003 to better understand coastal dynamics along a complex island shoreline with coral reefs. These data complement long-term, high-resolution tide,...
Predator functional response and prey survival: Direct and indirect interactions affecting a marked prey population
David A. Miller, J.B. Grand, T.F. Fondell, M. Anthony
2006, Journal of Animal Ecology (75) 101-110
1. Predation plays an integral role in many community interactions, with the number of predators and the rate at which they consume prey (i.e. their functional response) determining interaction strengths. Owing to the difficulty of directly observing predation events, attempts to determine the functional response of predators in natural systems...
Characterization of unsaturated zone hydrogeologic units using matrix properties and depositional history in a complex volcanic environment
Lorraine E. Flint, David C. Buesch, Alan L. Flint
2006, Vadose Zone Journal (5) 480-492
Characterization of the physical and unsaturated hydrologic properties of subsurface materials is necessary to calculate flow and transport for land use practices and to evaluate subsurface processes such as perched water or lateral diversion of water, which are influenced by features such as faults, fractures, and abrupt changes in lithology....
Mass balance assessment for mercury in Lake Champlain
N. Gao, N.G. Armatas, J. B. Shanley, N.C. Kamman, E. K. Miller, G.J. Keeler, T. Scherbatskoy, T.M. Holsen, T. Young, L. McIlroy, S. Drake, Bill Olsen, C. Cady
2006, Environmental Science & Technology (40) 82-89
A mass balance model for mercury in Lake Champlain was developed in an effort to understand the sources, inventories, concentrations, and effects of mercury (Hg) contamination in the lake ecosystem. To construct the mass balance model, air, water, and sediment were sampled as a part of this project and other...
Relative importance of magnetic moments in UXO clearance applications
V. Sanchez, Y. Li, M. Nabighian, D. Wright
2006, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts (25) 1381-1385
Surface magnetic anomaly observed in UXO clearance is mainly dipolar and, as a result, the dipole is the only moment used regularly in UXO applications. The dipole moment contains intensity of magnetization information but lacks shape information. Unlike dipole, higher-order moments, such as quadrupole and octupole, encode asymmetry properties of...
Time-lapse seismic study of levees in southern New Mexico
J. Ivanov, R. D. Miller, N. Stimac, R.F. Ballard Jr., J. Joseph Dunbar, S. Steve Smullen
2006, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts (25) 3255-3259
The primary objective of this work was to measure changes in compressional- (Vp) and shear-wave (Vs) velocities in an earthen levee during a ponding experiment designed to simulate flood conditions on the Rio Grande in south New Mexico. Although similar to such experiment, performed an year earlier on the Rio...
Timing of Cenozoic volcanism and Basin and Range extension in northwestern Nevada: New constraints from the northern Pine Forest Range
J.P. Colgan, T.A. Dumitru, M. McWilliams, E. L. Miller
2006, Geological Society of America Bulletin (118) 126-139
Eocene-middle Miocene volcanic rocks in the northern Pine Forest Range, Nevada, are ideally situated for reconstructing the timing and style of volcanism and extensional faulting in the northwesternmost part of the Basin and Range province. A conformable sequence of Cenozoic volcanic and sedimentary strata in the northern Pine Forest Range...
Interactive effects of substrate, hydroperiod, and nutrients on seedling growth of Salix nigra and Taxodium distichum
Richard H. Day, T.W. Doyle, R. O. Draugelis-Dale
2006, Environmental and Experimental Botany (55) 163-174
The large river swamps of Louisiana have complex topography and hydrology, characterized by black willow (Salix nigra) dominance on accreting alluvial sediments and vast areas of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) deepwater swamps with highly organic substrates. Seedling survival of these two wetland tree species is influenced by their growth rate in...
Hierarchical models for avian ecologists
W. B. Kristan III, J. M. Scott
2006, Conference Paper, Condor
[No abstract available]...
Crustal contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution at Mt. Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope evidence
M. Piochi, R. A. Ayuso, B. de Vivo, R. Somma
2006, LITHOS (86) 303-329
New major and trace element analyses and Sr-isotope determinations of rocks from Mt. Somma-Vesuvius volcano produced from 25 ky BP to 1944 AD are part of an extensive database documenting the geochemical evolution of this classic region. Volcanic rocks include silica undersaturated, potassic and ultrapotassic lavas and tephras characterized by...
