Size distribution of submarine landslides and its implication to tsunami hazard in Puerto Rico
Uri S. ten Brink, E.L. Geist, B.D. Andrews
2006, Geophysical Research Letters (33) 1-4
We have established for the first time a size frequency distribution for carbonate submarine slope failures. Using detailed bathymetry along the northern edge of the carbonate platform north of Puerto Rico, we show that the cumulative distribution of slope failure volumes follows a power-law distribution. The power-law exponent of this...
High-resolution stratigraphy of a Mississippi subdelta-lobe progradation in the Barataria Bight, north-central Gulf of Mexico
J. G. Flocks, N.F. Ferina, C. Dreher, J. L. Kindinger, D. M. FitzGerald, M.A. Kulp
2006, Journal of Sedimentary Research (76) 429-443
The coastal zone of southeastern Louisiana is the product of numerous cycles of progradation, abandonment, and marine transgression of the Mississippi River delta. Currently, the shoreline in the Barataria Bight is undergoing significant erosion and retreat, and understanding its evolution is crucial in stabilization efforts. This study uses an extensive...
Effects of structural complexity enhancement on eastern red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) populations in northern hardwood forests
H.C. McKenny, W.S. Keeton, T.M. Donovan
2006, Forest Ecology and Management (230) 186-196
Managing for stand structural complexity in northern hardwood forests has been proposed as a method for promoting microhabitat characteristics important to eastern red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus). We evaluated the effects of alternate, structure-based silvicultural systems on red-backed salamander populations at two research sites in northwestern Vermont. Treatments included two uneven-aged...
Resolving structural influences on water-retention properties of alluvial deposits
K.A. Winfield, J. R. Nimmo, J. A. Izbicki, P. M. Martin
2006, Vadose Zone Journal (5) 706-719
With the goal of improving property-transfer model (PTM) predictions of unsaturated hydraulic properties, we investigated the influence of sedimentary structure, defined as particle arrangement during deposition, on laboratory-measured water retention (water content vs. potential [θ(ψ)]) of 10 undisturbed core samples from alluvial deposits in the western Mojave Desert, California. The...
GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models. Part I: Formulation and simulation characteristics
T.L. Delworth, A.J. Broccoli, A. Rosati, R.J. Stouffer, V. Balaji, J.A. Beesley, W.F. Cooke, K.W. Dixon, J. Dunne, K.A. Dunne, J.W. Durachta, K.L. Findell, P. Ginoux, A. Gnanadesikan, C.T. Gordon, S.M. Griffies, R. Gudgel, M.J. Harrison, I.M. Held, R.S. Hemler, L.W. Horowitz, S.A. Klein, T.R. Knutson, P.J. Kushner, A.R. Langenhorst, H.-C. Lee, S.-J. Lin, J. Lu, S.L. Malyshev, P. C. D. Milly, V. Ramaswamy, J. Russell, M.D. Schwarzkopf, E. Shevliakova, J.J. Sirutis, M.J. Spelman, W.F. Stern, M. Winton, A.T. Wittenberg, B. Wyman, F. Zeng, R. Zhang
2006, Journal of Climate (19) 643-674
The formulation and simulation characteristics of two new global coupled climate models developed at NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) are described. The models were designed to simulate atmospheric and oceanic climate and variability from the diurnal time scale through multicentury climate change, given our computational constraints. In particular, an...
Adequacy of selected evapotranspiration approximations for hydrologic simulation
D. M. Sumner
2006, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (42) 699-711
Evapotranspiration (ET) approximations, usually based on computed potential ET (PET) and diverse PET-to-ET conceptualizations, are routinely used in hydrologic analyses. This study presents an approach to incorporate measured (actual) ET data, increasingly available using micrometeorological methods, to define the adequacy of ET approximations for hydrologic simulation. The approach is demonstrated...
Groundwater-surface water interaction in the riparian zone of an incised channel, Walnut Creek, Iowa
K. E. Schilling, Z. Li, Y.-K. Zhang
2006, Journal of Hydrology (327) 140-150
Riparian zones of many incised channels in agricultural regions are cropped to the channel edge leaving them unvegetated for large portions of the year. In this study we evaluated surface and groundwater interaction in the riparian zone of an incised stream during a spring high flow period using detailed stream...
Application of environmental tracers to mixing, evolution, and nitrate contamination of ground water in Jeju Island, Korea
D.-C. Koh, Niel Plummer, Solomon D. Kip, E. Busenberg, Y.-J. Kim, H.-W. Chang
2006, Journal of Hydrology (327) 258-275
Tritium/helium-3 (3H/3He) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were investigated as environmental tracers in ground water from Jeju Island (Republic of Korea), a basaltic volcanic island. Ground-water mixing was evaluated by comparing 3H and CFC-12 concentrations with lumped-parameter dispersion models, which distinguished old water recharged before the 1950s...
Flow and form in rehabilitation of large-river ecosystems: an example from the Lower Missouri River
R. B. Jacobson, D.L. Galat
2006, Geomorphology (77) 249-269
On large, intensively engineered rivers like the Lower Missouri, the template of the physical habitat is determined by the nearly independent interaction of channel form and flow regime. We evaluated the interaction between flow and form by modeling four combinations of modern and historical channel form and modern and historical...
Patterns of growth and body condition in sea otters from the Aleutian archipelago before and after the recent population decline
K.L. Laidre, J. A. Estes, M. T. Tinker, James L. Bodkin, Daniel H. Monson, K. Schneider
2006, Journal of Animal Ecology (75) 978-989
1. Growth models for body mass and length were fitted to data collected from 1842 sea otters Enhydra lutris shot or live-captured throughout south-west Alaska between 1967 and 2004. Growth curves were constructed for each of two main year groups: 1967–71 when the population was at or near carrying capacity and 1992–97...
Modeling habitat distribution from organism occurrences and environmental data: Case study using anemonefishes and their sea anemone hosts
J.M. Guinotte, J.D. Bartley, A. Iqbal, D.G. Fautin, R. W. Buddemeier
2006, Marine Ecology Progress Series (316) 269-283
We demonstrate the KGSMapper (Kansas Geological Survey Mapper), a straightforward, web-based biogeographic tool that uses environmental conditions of places where members of a taxon are known to occur to find other places containing suitable habitat for them. Using occurrence data for anemonefishes or their host sea anemones, and data for...
Gas-water-rock interactions in Frio Formation following CO2 injection: Implications for the storage of greenhouse gases in sedimentary basins
Yousif K. Kharaka, David R. Cole, Susan D. Hovorka, W.D. Gunter, Kevin G. Knauss, Barry M. Freifeild
2006, Geology (34) 577-580
To investigate the potential for the geologic storage of CO2 in saline sedimentary aquifers, 1600 t of CO2 were injected at 1500 m depth into a 24-m-thick sandstone section of the Frio Formation, a regional brine and oil reservoir in the U.S. Gulf Coast....
The quest for the perfect gravity anomaly: Part 1 - New calculation standards
X. Li, T.G. Hildenbrand, W. J. Hinze, Gordon R. Keller, D. Ravat, M. Webring
2006, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts (25) 859-863
The North American gravity database together with databases from Canada, Mexico, and the United States are being revised to improve their coverage, versatility, and accuracy. An important part of this effort is revision of procedures and standards for calculating gravity anomalies taking into account our enhanced computational power, modern satellite-based...
A landscape-scale model of yellow-billed loon (Gavia adamsii) habitat preferences in northern alaska
Susan L. Earnst, Robert Platte, Laura Bond
2006, Hydrobiologia (567) 227-236
We modeled yellow-billed loon (Gavia adamsii) habitat preferences in a 23,500 km2 area of northern Alaska using intensive aerial surveys and landscape-scale habitat descriptors. Of the 757 lakes censused, yellow-billed loons occupied 15% and Pacific loons (G. pacifica) 42%. Lake area, depth, proportion of shoreline in aquatic vegetation,...
Trends in the nutrient enrichment of U.S. rivers during the late 20th century and their relation to changes in probable stream trophic conditions
R. B. Alexander, R. A. Smith
2006, Conference Paper, Limnology and Oceanography
We estimated trends in concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) and the related change in the probabilities of trophic conditions from 1975 to 1994 at 250 nationally representative riverine monitoring locations in the U.S. with drainage areas larger than about 1,000 km2. Statistically significant (p < 0.05)...
Crustal structure across the Altyn Tagh Range at the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and tectonic implications
J. Zhao, Walter D. Mooney, X. Zhang, Z. Li, Z. Jin, N. Okaya
2006, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (241) 804-814
We present new seismic refraction/wide-angle-reflection data across the Altyn Tagh Range and its adjacent basins. We find that the crustal velocity structure, and by inference, the composition of the crust changes abruptly beneath the Cherchen fault, i.e., ∼100 km north of the northern...
A variance-decomposition approach to investigating multiscale habitat associations
J.J. Lawler, T.C. Edwards Jr.
2006, Conference Paper, Condor
The recognition of the importance of spatial scale in ecology has led many researchers to take multiscale approaches to studying habitat associations. However, few of the studies that investigate habitat associations at multiple spatial scales have considered the potential effects of cross-scale correlations in measured habitat variables. When cross-scale correlations...
Constraints on the mechanism of long-term, steady subsidence at Medicine Lake volcano, northern California, from GPS, leveling, and InSAR
Michael P. Poland, Roland Burgmann, Daniel Dzurisin, Michael Lisowski, Timothy Masterlark, Susan Owen, Jonathan Fink
2006, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (150) 55-78
Leveling surveys across Medicine Lake volcano (MLV) have documented subsidence that is centered on the summit caldera and decays symmetrically on the flanks of the edifice. Possible mechanisms for this deformation include fluid withdrawal from a subsurface reservoir, cooling/crystallization of subsurface magma, loading by the...
Trace element geochemistry and surface water chemistry of the Bon Air coal, Franklin County, Cumberland Plateau, southeast Tennessee
S.A. Shaver, J.C. Hower, C.F. Eble, E.D. McLamb, K. Kuers
2006, International Journal of Coal Geology (67) 47-78
Mean contents of trace elements and ash in channel, bench-column, and dump samples of the abandoned Bon Air coal (Lower Pennsylvanian) in Franklin County, Tennessee are similar to Appalachian COALQUAL mean values, but are slightly lower for As, Fe, Hg, Mn, Na, Th, and U, and slightly higher for ash,...
Is extinction age dependent?
N.A. Doran, A.J. Arnold, W.C. Parker, F.W. Huffer
2006, Palaios (21) 571-579
Age-dependent extinction is an observation with important biological implications. Van Valen's Red Queen hypothesis triggered three decades of research testing its primary implication: that age is independent of extinction. In contrast to this, later studies with species-level data have indicated the possible presence of age dependence. Since the formulation of...
Channel formation by flow stripping: large-scale scour features along the Monterey East Channel and their relation to sediment waves
A. Fildani, W. R. Normark, S. Kostic, G. Parker
2006, Sedimentology (53) 1265-1287
The Monterey East system is formed by large-scale sediment waves deposited as a result of flows stripped from the deeply incised Monterey fan valley (Monterey Channel) at the apex of the Shepard Meander. The system is dissected by a linear series of steps that take the form of scour-shaped depressions...
Use of thermodynamic sorption models to derive radionuclide Kd values for performance assessment: Selected results and recommendations of the NEA sorption project
M. Ochs, J.A. Davis, M. Olin, T.E. Payne, C.J. Tweed, M.M. Askarieh, S. Altmann
2006, Conference Paper, Radiochimica Acta
For the safe final disposal and/or long-term storage of radioactive wastes, deep or near-surface underground repositories are being considered world-wide. A central safety feature is the prevention, or sufficient retardation, of radionuclide (RN) migration to the biosphere. To this end, radionuclide sorption is one of the most important processes. Decreasing...
Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the basin and range province in northwestern Nevada
J.P. Colgan, T.A. Dumitru, P.W. Reiners, J. L. Wooden, E. L. Miller
2006, American Journal of Science (306) 616-654
A regional synthesis of new and existing geologic and thermochronologic data document late Cretaceous - early Cenozoic regional erosion, Oligocene - Miocene volcanism, and subsequent late Miocene extension of the Basin and Range Province in northwestern Nevada and northeastern California. Across an ???220-km-wide region between the Santa Rosa and Warner...
Calcite-graphite thermometry of the Franklin Marble, New Jersey Highlands
W.H. Peck, R.A. Volkert, M.T. Meredith, E.L. Rader
2006, Journal of Geology (114) 485-499
We present new stable-isotope data for the Mesoproterozoic Franklin Marble from outcrops along an 80-km traverse parallel to and across strike of the structural grain of the western New Jersey Highlands. Calcite and dolomite from marble have an average ??13C of 0.35??? ?? 0.73??? PDB (n = 46) and a...
Surface fault slip associated with the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake
M. J. Rymer, J. C. Tinsley III, J.A. Treiman, J.R. Arrowsmith, K.B. Ciahan, A.M. Rosinski, W. A. Bryant, Hollice A. Snyder, G. S. Fuis, N.A. Toke, G.W. Bawden
2006, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (96)
Surface fracturing occurred along the San Andreas fault, the subparallel Southwest Fracture Zone, and six secondary faults in association with the 28 September 2004 (M 6.0) Parkfield earthquake. Fractures formed discontinuous breaks along a 32-km-long stretch of the San Andreas fault. Sense of slip was right lateral; only locally was...
