Composition of Titan's surface from Cassini VIMS
T. B. McCord, G. B. Hansen, B. J. Buratti, R. N. Clark, D. P. Cruikshank, E. D’Aversa, C.A. Griffith, E.K.H. Baines, R. H. Brown, Ore Dalle, G. Filacchione, V. Formisano, C. A. Hibbitts, R. Jaumann, J. I. Lunine, R.M. Nelson, Christophe Sotin
2006, Planetary and Space Science (54) 1524-1539
Titan's bulk density along with Solar System formation models indicates considerable water as well as silicates as its major constituents. This satellite's dense atmosphere of nitrogen with methane is unique. Deposits or even oceans of organic compounds have been suggested to exist on Titan's solid surface due to UV-induced photochemistry...
Spatio-temporal availability of soft mast in clearcuts in the Southern Appalachians
M. J. Reynolds-Hogland, M.S. Mitchell, R. A. Powell
2006, Forest Ecology and Management (237) 103-114
Soft mast is an important resource for many wild populations in the Southern Appalachians, yet the way clear-cutting affects availability of soft mast though time is not fully understood. We tested a theoretical model of temporal availability of soft mast in clearcuts using empirical data on percent cover and berry...
A new 1649-1884 catalog of destructive earthquakes near Tokyo and implications for the long-term seismic process
E.D. Grunewald, R.S. Stein
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (111)
In order to assess the long-term character of seismicity near Tokyo, we construct an intensity-based catalog of damaging earthquakes that struck the greater Tokyo area between 1649 and 1884. Models for 15 historical earthquakes are developed using calibrated intensity attenuation relations that quantitatively convey uncertainties in event location and magnitude,...
Description of the L1C signal
J.W. Betz, M.A. Blanco, C.R. Cahn, P.A. Dafesh, C.J. Hegarty, K.W. Hudnut, V. Kasemsri, R. Keegan, K. Kovach, L.S. Lenahan, H.H. Ma, J.J. Rushanan, D. Sklar, T.A. Stansell, C.C. Wang, S.K. Yi
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the Institute of Navigation - 19th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division, ION GNSS 2006
Detailed design of the modernized LI civil signal (L1C) signal has been completed, and the resulting draft Interface Specification IS-GPS-800 was released in Spring 2006. The novel characteristics of the optimized L1C signal design provide advanced capabilities while offering to receiver designers considerable flexibility in how to use these capabilities....
Hydroacoustic separation of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) age groups in Lake Champlain
Stetter S.L. Parker, L. G. Rudstam, Thomson J.L. Stritzel, D.L. Parrish
2006, Fisheries Research (82) 176-185
Separate assessment of young-of-year (YOY) and yearling-and-older (YAO) fish is desirable from both ecological and management perspectives. Acoustic assessments provide information on fish population size structure in the target strength (TS) distribution, but interpretation of TS distributions must be done carefully, as single age groups can produce multiple TS modes....
Fuel loads, fire regimes, and post-fire fuel dynamics in Florida Keys pine forests
J.P. Sah, M.S. Ross, J.R. Snyder, S. Koptur, H.C. Cooley
2006, International Journal of Wildland Fire (15) 463-478
In forests, the effects of different life forms on fire behavior may vary depending on their contributions to total fuel loads. We examined the distribution of fuel components before fire, their effects on fire behavior, and the effects of fire on subsequent fuel recovery in pine forests within the National...
Quantifying the uncertainty in site amplification modeling and its effects on site-specific seismic-hazard estimation in the upper Mississippi embayment and adjacent areas
C.H. Cramer
2006, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (96) 2008-2020
The Mississippi embayment, located in the central United States, and its thick deposits of sediments (over 1 km in places) have a large effect on earthquake ground motions. Several previous studies have addressed how these thick sediments might modify probabilistic seismic-hazard maps. The high seismic hazard associated with the New...
MMI attenuation and historical earthquakes in the basin and range province of western North America
W. H. Bakun
2006, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (96) 2206-2220
Earthquakes in central Nevada (1932-1959) were used to develop a modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) attenuation model for estimating moment magnitude M for earthquakes in the Basin and Range province of interior western North America. M is 7.4-7.5 for the 26 March 1872 Owens Valley, California, earthquake, in agreement with Beanland...
Examination of the watershed-wide distribution of Escherichia coli along southern Lake Michigan: An integrated approach
R.L. Whitman, M.B. Nevers, M.N. Byappanahalli
2006, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (72) 7301-7310
Recent research has highlighted the occurrence of Escherichia coli in natural habitats not directly influenced by sewage inputs. Most studies on E. coli in recreational water typically focus on discernible sources (e.g., effluent discharge and runoff) and fall short of integrating riparian, nearshore, onshore, and outfall sources. An integrated “beachshed” approach that links E. coli inputs...
Comparison of the historical record of earthquake hazard with seismic-hazard models for New Zealand and the continental United States
Mark W. Stirling, Mark D. Petersen
2006, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (96) 1978-1994
We compare the historical record of earthquake hazard experienced at 78 towns and cities (sites) distributed across New Zealand and the continental United States with the hazard estimated from the national probabilistic seismic-hazard (PSH) models for the two countries. The two PSH models are constructed with similar methodologies and data....
Shear velocity estimates on the inner shelf off Grays Harbor, Washington, USA
C. R. Sherwood, J.R. Lacy, G. Voulgaris
2006, Continental Shelf Research (26) 1995-2018
Shear velocity was estimated from current measurements near the bottom off Grays Harbor, Washington between May 4 and June 6, 2001 under mostly wave-dominated conditions. A downward-looking pulse-coherent acoustic Doppler profiler (PCADP) and two acoustic-Doppler velocimeters (field version; ADVFs) were deployed on a tripod at 9-m water depth. Measurements from...
Breeding ecology and nesting habitat associations of five marsh bird species in western New York
S. Lor, R.A. Malecki
2006, Waterbirds (29) 427-436
Nesting habitats and nest success of five species of marsh birds were studied during 1997 and 1998 at the Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) and the adjacent Oak Orchard and Tonawanda State Wildlife Management Areas (WMA) located in western New York. Nest searches located 18 American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus), 117...
Coastal landslide material loss rates associated with severe climatic events
C.J. Hapke, K.R. Green
2006, Geology (34) 1077-1080
Deep-seated landslides along the California coast deliver large amounts of material to the nearshore littoral environment. Landslide movement, a combined result of slope base undercutting by waves and ground saturation, is highly episodic. Movement occurs primarily during periods of high rainfall and large waves, such as those associated with El...
Field investigation of the drift shadow
G.W. Su, T.J. Kneafsey, T.A. Ghezzehei, P.J. Cook, B.D. Marshall
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM
The "Drift Shadow" is defined as the relatively drier region that forms below subsurface cavities or drifts in unsaturated rock. Its existence has been predicted through analytical and numerical models of unsaturated flow. However, these theoretical predictions have not been demonstrated empirically to date. In this project we plan to...
Recordings of the 2004 Parkfield earthquake on the General Earthquake Observation System array: Implications for earthquake precursors, fault rupture, and coseismic strain changes
R. D. Borcherdt, M.J.S. Johnston, G. Glassmoyer, C. Dietel
2006, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (96) S73-S89
The 2004 Parkfield earthquake generated a unique set of near-field, high-resolution colocated measurements of acceleration, volumetric strain, and velocity at 11 stations in the General Earthquake Observation System (geos) array. The recordings indicate no precursory strain or displacement was discernable at sensitivities of 10−11 strain and 5 × 10−8 m 25...
Cross-calibration of A.M. constellation sensors for long term monitoring of land surface processes
D. Meyer, G. Chander
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Data from multiple sensors must be used together to gain a more complete understanding of land surface processes at a variety of scales. Although higher-level products derived from different sensors (e.g., vegetation cover, albedo, surface temperature) can be validated independently, the degree to which these sensors and their products can...
USGS directions in MODFLOW development
P. M. Barlow, A.W. Harbaugh
2006, Conference Paper, Ground Water
[No abstract available]...
Introduction to the special issue on the 2004 Parkfield earthquake and the Parkfield earthquake prediction experiment
R.A. Harris, J.R. Arrowsmith
2006, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (96)
The 28 September 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield earthquake, a long-anticipated event on the San Andreas fault, is the world's best recorded earthquake to date, with state-of-the-art data obtained from geologic, geodetic, seismic, magnetic, and electrical field networks. This has allowed the preearthquake and postearthquake states of the San Andreas fault...
Nearshore shore-oblique bars, gravel outcrops, and their correlation to shoreline change
C.A. Schupp, J. E. McNinch, J. H. List
2006, Marine Geology (233) 63-79
This study demonstrates the physical concurrence of shore-oblique bars and gravel outcrops in the surf zone along the northern Outer Banks of North Carolina. These subaqueous features are spatially correlated with shoreline change at a range of temporal and spatial scales. Previous studies have noted the existence of beach-surf zone...
Incorporating diverse data and realistic complexity into demographic estimation procedures for sea otters
M. Timothy Tinker, Daniel F. Doak, James A. Estes, Brian B. Hatfield, Michelle M. Staedler, Arthur Gross
2006, Ecological Applications (16) 2293-2312
Reliable information on historical and current population dynamics is central to understanding patterns of growth and decline in animal populations. We developed a maximum likelihood-based analysis to estimate spatial and temporal trends in age/sex-specific survival rates for the threatened southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis), using annual population censuses and...
Emplacement of the Kodiak batholith and slab-window migration
David W. Farris, Peter J. Haeussler, Richard Friedman, Scott R. Paterson, R. W. Saltus, Robert A. Ayuso
2006, Geological Society of America Bulletin (118) 1360-1376
The Kodiak batholith is one of the largest, most elongate intrusive bodies in the forearc Sanak-Baranof plutonic belt located in southern Alaska. This belt is interpreted to have formed during the subduction of an oceanic spreading center and the associated migration of a slab window. Individual plutons of the Kodiak...
Photometric properties of Titan's surface from Cassini VIMS: Relevance to titan's hemispherical albedo dichotomy and surface stability
R.M. Nelson, R. H. Brown, B.W. Hapke, W. D. Smythe, L. Kamp, M.D. Boryta, F. Leader, K. H. Baines, G. Bellucci, J.-P. Bibring, B. J. Buratti, F. Capaccioni, P. Cerroni, R. N. Clark, M. Combes, A. Coradini, D. P. Cruikshank, P. Drossart, V. Formisano, R. Jaumann, Y. Langevin, D. L. Matson, T. B. McCord, V. Mennella, P. D. Nicholson, B. Sicardy, Christophe Sotin
2006, Planetary and Space Science (54) 1540-1551
The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) instrument on the Cassini Saturn Orbiter returned spectral imaging data as the spacecraft undertook six close encounters with Titan beginning 7 July, 2004. Three of these flybys each produced overlapping coverage of two distinct regions of Titan's surface. Twenty-four points were selected on...
Titan: Preliminary results on surface properties and photometry from VIMS observations of the early flybys
B. J. Buratti, Christophe Sotin, R. H. Brown, M.D. Hicks, R. N. Clark, J. A. Mosher, T. B. McCord, R. Jaumann, K. H. Baines, P. D. Nicholson, T. Momary, D.P. Simonelli, B. Sicardy
2006, Planetary and Space Science (54) 1498-1509
Cassini observations of the surface of Titan offer unprecedented views of its surface through atmospheric windows in the 1-5 ??m region. Images obtained in windows for which the haze opacity is low can be used to derive quantitative photometric parameters such as albedo and albedo distribution, and physical properties such...
Foreword: Understanding through modeling
C. Zheng, E. Poeter, M. Hill, J. Doherty
2006, Conference Paper, Ground Water
[No abstract available]...
Genetic effects of ELISA-based segregation for control of bacterial kidney disease in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
J.J. Hard, D.G. Elliott, R.J. Pascho, D.M. Chase, L.K. Park, J. R. Winton, D.E. Campton
2006, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (63) 2793-2808
We evaluated genetic variation in ability of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to resist two bacterial pathogens: Renibacterium salmoninarum, the agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD), and Listonella anguillarum, an agent of vibriosis. After measuring R. salmoninarum antigen in 499 adults by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we mated each of 12...
