U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 675
1U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL 33701.
2U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543.
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
Publications are available from USGS Information Services, Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225-0046 (telephone 1-888-ASK-USGS; e-mail: infoservices@usgs.gov).
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Figure 1. Study area for USGS Cruises 08CCT01, 08CCT02, 09CCT03, and 09CCT04 offshore Gulf Islands National Seashore, Miss., from West Ship Island, Miss., to Dauphin Island, Ala. |
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This CD-ROM publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
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During the summers of 2008 and 2009 the USGS conducted bathymetric surveys from West Ship Island, Miss., to Dauphin Island, Ala., as part of the Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility project. The survey area extended from the shoreline out to approximately 2 kilometers and included the adjacent passes (fig. 1). The bathymetry was primarily used to create a topo-bathymetric map and provide a base-level assessment of the seafloor following the 2005 hurricane season. Additionally, these data will be used in conjunction with other geophysical data (chirp and side scan sonar) to construct a comprehensive geological framework of the Mississippi Barrier Island Complex. The culmination of the geophysical surveys will provide baseline bathymetry necessary for scientists to define and interpret seafloor habitat for this area and for scientists to predict future geomorpholocial changes of the islands with respect to climate change, storm impact, and sea-level rise. Furthermore, these data provide information for feasibility of barrier island restoration, particularly in Camille Cut, and for the preservation of historical Fort Massachusetts. For more information refer to http://ngom.usgs.gov/gomsc/mscip/.
Since bathymetric surveys have often been conducted for navigational purposes, soundings have traditionally been referenced to a water level datum using tide gages and tide models. Bathymetric measurements referenced to a Global Positioning System (GPS) is a more accurate way of representing water depth and has been implemented in the acquisition and processing procedures for these datasets. Previous single-beam bathymetric studies performed at the USGS Center for Coastal and Marine Science have successfully referenced bathymetric measurements to GPS (DeWitt and others, 2007; Hansen 2008 and 2009). The 2008-2009 bathymetry surveys were conducted as a test to (1) develop acquisition and processing technology utilizing both single beam and swath bathymetry survey methods together, (2) reference both types of measurements to GPS rather than water level, and (3) compare the differences between methods in acquisition and processing. Results of the survey are explained in greater detail within this report.
To acquire suitable coverage of the study area in a limited time frame, the seafloor-elevation survey was conducted using three techniques: single-beam bathymetry, interferometric swath bathymetry, and a walking kinematic survey of the island shorelines. All three techniques utilized GPS measurements. Implementation of these techniques was executed concurrently yet independently aboard two research vessels: the RV Survey Cat, a 26-foot (ft) shallow-draft Glacier Bay Coastal Runner, and the 50-ft RV G.K. Gilbert. A portable push buggy with a rigid antenna mount served as the platform for the kinematic shoreline survey. Data from each survey technique was post-processed and edited independently with proper inclusion of the differentially processed external navigation files. The x,y,z components from each method were then combined and the two survey years (2008 and 2009) were merged into one dataset. The 2008 bathymetry data were processed at the USGS Center for Coastal and Marine Science in St. Petersburg, Fla., and the 2009 bathymetry data were processed at the USGS Coastal and Marine Science Center located in Woods Hole, Mass.
This report serves as an archive of the processed single beam and interferometric swath bathymetry, outlines the methodology, and reports the results. Data products herein include gridded and interpolated digital depth surfaces, and x,y,z data products for both single beam and interferometric swath bathymetry. Additional files include trackline maps, navigation files, geographic information system (GIS) files, Field Activity Collection System (FACS) logs, and formal Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata. Scanned images of the handwritten FACS logs and digital FACS logs are also provided as PDF files. Refer to the Acronyms page for description of acronyms and abbreviations used in this report or hold the cursor over an acronym for a pop-up explanation.
The USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center assigns a unique identifier to each cruise or field activity. For example, 08CCT01 indicates that the data were collected in 2008 for the Coastal Change and Transport (CCT) study and the data were collected during the first (01) field activity for that project in that calendar year. Refer to http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/programs/html/definition/activity.html for a detailed description of the method used to assign the field activity ID.
See the digital FACS equipment log for details about the acquisition equipment used. Raw datasets are stored digitally at the USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center and processed systematically using Novatel's GrafNav version 7.6, SANDS version 3.7, SEA SWATHplus version 3.06.04.03, CARIS HIPS AND SIPS version 3.6, and ESRI ArcGIS version 9.3.1. For more information on processing refer to the Equipment and Processing page. Chirp seismic data were also collected during these surveys and are archived separately.
To access the information contained on this disc, use a Web browser to open the file index.html. This report is divided into eight sections: Acronyms, Figures and Tables, Positioning and Navigation, Equipment and Processing, Results and Images, Logs, The Framework Group (FRAWG) at the USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center would like to thank the following for their efforts: CARIS Geospatial Software Solutions, 2008, CARIS HIPS and SIPS 6.1 SP2 User Guide, 2008 product HIPS and SIPS 6.1 installation CD-ROM, 699 p.
Hansen, Mark, 2008, SANDS: A high accuracy bathymetric survey system for shallow water mapping: Oceanology 2008, London, England, poster presentation, 1 p. HYPACK, Inc., 2009, HYPACK training notes, presentations and sample projects in HYPACK 2009, January 11-14: San Diego, Calif., DVD. Morton, R.A. and Rogers, B.E., 2009, Geomorphology and depositional subenvironments of Gulf Islands National Seashore, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1250, available at https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1250/. Schwarz, C.R., ed., 1989, North American Datum 1983: NOAA Professional Paper NOS2, NOAA National Technical Information Service, Silver Springs, Md., 249 p. Waypoint Consulting Inc, 2000, Accuracy tests on kinematic long distance baselines: Waypoint Consulting Incorporated, 6 p. Waypoint Consulting Inc, 2005, Static baseline acccuracies as a function of baseline length, observation time and the effect of using the precise ephemeris: Waypoint Consulting Incorporated, 12 p. DeWitt, N.T., Flocks, J.G., Pendleton, E.A., Hansen, M.E., Reynolds, B.J., Kelso, K.W., Wiese, D.S., Worley, C.R., 2012, Archive of single beam and swath bathymetry data collected nearshore of the Gulf Islands National Seashore, Mississippi, from West Ship Island, Mississippi, to Dauphin Island, Alabama: Methods and data report for USGS Cruises 08CCT01 and 08CCT02, July 2008, and 09CCT03 and 09CCT04, June 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 675, 1 CD-ROM, available at https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/675/.
Getting Started
Acknowledgments
Funding for this project was provided by the Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility Project.
http://ngom.usgs.gov/gomsc/mscip/
The National Park Service - Mississippi District: Riley Hoggard at the Gulf Islands National Seashore office in Gulf Breeze, Fla., and others at the Davis Bayou Area in Ocean Springs, Miss., who provided permitting and access to Fort Massachusetts for base station operations.
http://www.nps.gov/guis/parkmgmt/index.htm
http://www.nps.gov/guis/planyourvisit/davis-bayou-area.htm
USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center supporting staff:
References Cited
Hooijberg, M., 1997, Practical geodesy using computers: Springer – Verlag, New York, N.Y., 308 p.
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