Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program and the National Park Service/USGS Water Quality Partnership Program. Field assistants from the USGS included Adrian Green, Thomas Brooks, Sandra Baldwin, Michael Casso, Laura Erban, Dirk Koopmans, Irene Abbene, and Frederick Stumm. Field assistants from Stony Brook University included Caitlin Young, Ruth Coffey, and Michael Slattery. Field assistants from the Suffolk County Department of Health Services included Jonathan Wanlass, Frankie Basile, Ralph Milito, Mario Velasquez, and Luis Velasquez. Neal Stark from Cornell University Cooperative Extension of Suffolk County also provided field assistance. National Park Service boat drivers included Kaetlyn Kerr, Jordan Raphael, and Fernando Villalba. In-kind support was provided by the National Park Service and the Fire Island National Seashore in the form of survey vessel time, water transportation, housing, use of shore facilities, and coordination by Patti Rafferty and Michael Bilecki. Erika Lentz, Ben Gutierrez, and Katherine McMullen of the USGS provided helpful reviews of earlier versions of this report.