Küchler Potential Natural Vegetation
(Click on an ecoregion name to view the graphical display for that ecoregion.) |
| Level I |
Level II |
Level III |
| WESTERN FORESTS |
Needleleaf Forests |
Spruce-cedar-hemlock forest (Picea-Thuja-Tsuga) |
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Cedar-hemlock-Douglas fir forest (Thuja-Tsuga-Pseudotsuga) |
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Silver fir-Douglas fir forest (Abies-Pseudotsuga) |
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Fir-hemlock forest (Abies-Tsuga) |
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Mixed conifer forest (Abies-Pinus-Pseudotsuga) |
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Redwood forest (Sequoia-Pseudotsuga) |
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Red fir forest (Abies) |
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Lodgepole pine-subalpine forest (Pinus-Tsuga) |
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Pine-cypress forest (Pinus-Cupressus) |
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Ponderosa shrub forest (Pinus) |
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Western ponderosa forest (Pinus) |
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Douglas fir forest (Pseudotsuga) |
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Cedar-hemlock-pine forest (Thuja-Tsuga-Pinus) |
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Grand fir-Douglas fir forest (Abies-Pseudotsuga) |
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Western spruce-fir forest (Picea-Abies) |
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Eastern ponderosa forest (Pinus) |
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Black Hills pine forest (Pinus) |
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Pine-Douglas fir forest (Pinus-Pseudotsuga) |
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Arizona pine forest (Pinus) |
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Spruce-fir-Douglas fir forest (Picea-Abies-Pseudotsuga) |
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Southwestern spruce-fir forest (Picea-Abies) |
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Great Basin pine forest (Pinus) |
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Juniper-pinyon woodland (Juniperus-Pinus) |
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Juniper steppe woodland (Juniperus-Artemisia-Agropyron) |
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Broadleaf Forests |
Alder-ash forest (Alnus-Fraxinus) |
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Oregon oakwoods (Quercus) |
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Broadleaf and Needleleaf Forests |
Mosaic of cedar-hemlock-Douglas fir forest and Oregon oakwoods |
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California mixed evergreen forest (Quercus-Arbutus-Pseudotsuga) |
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California oakwoods (Quercus) |
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Oak-juniper woodland (Quercus-Juniperus) |
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Transition between oak-juniper woodland and mountain mahogany-oak scrub |
| WESTERN SHRUB AND GRASSLAND |
Shrub |
Chaparral (Adenostoma-Arctostaphylos-Ceanothus) |
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Montane chaparral (Arctostaphylos-Castanopsis-Ceanothus) |
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Coastal sagebrush (Salvia-Eriogonum) |
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Mosaic of California oakwoods and coastal sagebrush |
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Mountain mahogany-oak scrub (Cercocarpus-Quercus) |
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Great Basin sagebrush (Artemisia) |
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Blackbrush (Coleogyne) |
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Saltbush-greasewood (Atriplex-Sarcobatus) |
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Creosote bush (Larrea) |
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Creosote bush-bur sage (Larrea-Franseria) |
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Palo verde-cactus shrub (Cercidium-Opuntia) |
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Creosote bush-tarbush (Larrea-Flourensia) |
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Ceniza shrub (Leucophyllum-Larrea-Prosopis) |
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Desert: vegetation largely absent |
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Grasslands |
Fescue-oatgrass (Festuca-Danthonia) |
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California steppe (Stipa) |
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Tule marshes (Scirpus-Typha) |
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Fescue-wheatgrass (Festuca-Agropyron) |
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Wheatgrass-bluegrass (Agropyron-Poa) |
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Alpine meadows and barren (Agrostis, Carex, Festuca, Poa) |
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Fescue-mountain muhly prairie (Festuca-Muhlenbergia) |
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Grama-galleta steppe (Bouteloua-Hilaria) |
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Grama-tobosa prairie (Bouteloua-Hilaria) |
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Shrub and Grasslands Combinations |
Sagebrush steppe (Artemisia-Agropyron) |
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Wheatgrass-needlegrass shrubsteppe (Agropyron-Stipa-Artemisia) |
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Galleta-three awn shrubsteppe (Hilaria-Aristida) |
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Grama-tobosa shrubsteppe (Bouteloua-Hilaria-Larrea) |
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Trans-Pecos shrub savanna (Flourensia-Larrea) |
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Mesquite savanna (Prosopis-Hilaria) |
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Mesquite-acacia savanna (Prosopis-Acacia-Andropogon-Setaria) |
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Mesquite-live oak savanna (Prosopis-Quercus-Andropogon) |
| CENTRAL AND EASTERN GRASSLANDS |
Grasslands |
Foothills prairie (Agropyron-Festuca-Stipa) |
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Grama-needlegrass-wheatgrass (Bouteloua-Stipa-Agropyron) |
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Grama-buffalo grass (Bouteloua-Buchloe) |
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Wheatgrass-needlegrass (Agropyron-Stipa) |
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Wheatgrass-bluestem-needlegrass (Agropyron-Andropogon-Stipa) |
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Wheatgrass-grama-buffalo grass (Agropyron-Bouteloua-Buchloe) |
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Bluestem-grama prairie (Andropogon-Bouteloua) |
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Sandsage-bluestem prairie (Artemisia-Andropogon) |
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Shinnery (Quercus-Andropogon) |
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Northern cordgrass prairie (Distichlis-Spartina) |
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Bluestem prairie (Andropogon-Panicum-Sorghastrum) |
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Nebraska Sandhills prairie (Andropogon-Calamovilfa) |
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Blackland prairie (Andropogon-Stipa) |
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Bluestem-sacahuista prairie (Andropogon-Spartina) |
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Southern cordgrass prairie (Spartina) |
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Palmetto prairie (Serenoa-Aristida) |
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Grassland and Forest Combinations |
Marl-Everglades (Mariscus and Persea-Taxodium) |
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Oak savanna (Quercus-Andropogon) |
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Mosaic of Bluestem prairie and Oak-hickory forest |
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Cedar glades (Juniperus-Quercus-Sporobolus) |
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Cross timbers (Quercus-Andropogon) |
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Mesquite-buffalo grass (Prosopis-Buchloe) |
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Juniper-oak savanna (Juniperus-Quercus-Andropogon) |
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Mesquite-oak savanna (Prosopis-Quercus-Andropogon) |
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Fayette prairie (Andropogon-Buchloe) |
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Blackbelt (Liquidambar-Quercus-Juniperus) |
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Live oak-sea oats (Quercus-Uniola) |
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Cypress savanna (Taxodium-Mariscus) |
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Everglades (Mariscus and Magnolia-Persea) |
| EASTERN FORESTS |
Needleleaf Forests |
Great Lakes spruce-fir forest (Picea-Abies) |
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Conifer bog (Larix-Picea-Thuja) |
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Great Lakes pine forest (Pinus) |
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Northeastern spruce-fir forest (Picea-Abies) |
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Broadleaf Forests |
Northern floodplain forest (Populus-Salix-Ulmus) |
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Maple-basswood forest (Acer-Tilia) |
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Oak-hickory forest (Quercus-Carya) |
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Elm-ash forest (Ulmus-Fraxinus) |
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Beech-maple forest (Fagus-Acer) |
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Mixed mesophytic forest (Acer-Aesculus-Fagus-Liriodendron-Quercus-Tilia) |
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Appalachian oak forest (Quercus) |
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Mangrove (Avicennia-Rhizophora) |
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Broadleaf and Needleleaf Forests |
Northern hardwoods (Acer-Betula-Fagus-Tsuga) |
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Northern hardwoods-fir forest (Acer-Betula-Abies-Tsuga) |
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Northern hardwoods-spruce forest (Acer-Betula-Fagus-Picea-Tsuga) |
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Transition between Appalachian oak forest and northern hardwoods |
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Northeastern oak-pine forest (Quercus-Pinus) |
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Oak-hickory-pine forest (Quercus-Carya-Pinus) |
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Southern mixed forest (Fagus-Liquidambar-Magnolia-Pinus-Quercus) |
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Southern floodplain forest (Quercus-Nyssa-Taxodium) |
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Pocosin (Pinus-Ilex) |
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Sand pine scrub (Pinus-Quercus) |
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Subtropical pine forest (Pinus-Tetrazygia) |
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Bailey Ecoregions
(Click on an ecoregion name to view the graphical display for that ecoregion.) |
| Domain |
Division |
Province |
| POLAR DOMAIN |
Icecap Division |
Glacial ice |
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Tundra Division |
Ice and stoney deserts |
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Arctic tundras |
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Tundras |
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Tundra Mountains |
Polar desert |
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Tundra - polar desert |
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Tundra - meadow |
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Oceanic meadow - heath |
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Subarctic Division |
Forest-tundras and open woodlands |
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Tayga (boreal forests) |
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Subarctic Mountains |
Open woodland - tundra |
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Tayga - tundra, medium |
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Tayga - tundra, high |
| HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN |
Warm Continental Division |
Mixed deciduous-coniferous forests |
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Warm Continental Mountains |
Mixed forest - coniferous forest - tundra, medium |
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Mixed forest - coniferous forest - tundra, high |
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Hot Continental Division |
Broadleaved forests, oceanic |
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Broadleaved forests, continental |
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Hot Continental Mountains |
Deciduous or mixed forest - coniferous forest - meadow |
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Broadleaf forest - meadow |
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Subtropical Division |
Broadleaved-coniferous evergreen forests |
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Coniferous-broadleaved semi-evergreen forests |
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Riverine forest |
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Subtropical Mountains |
Mixed forest - meadow |
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Marine Division |
Mixed forests |
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Marine Mountains |
Deciduous or mixed forest - coniferous forest - meadow |
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Forest - meadow, medium |
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Forest - meadow, high |
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Prairie Division |
Forest-steppes and prairies |
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Prairies and savannas |
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Mediterranean Division |
Dry steppe |
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Mediterranean hardleaved evergreen forests, open woodlands and shrub |
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Redwood forests |
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Mediterranean Mountains |
Mixed forest - coniferous forest - alpine meadow |
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Mediterranean woodland or shrub - mixed or coniferous forest - steppe or meadow |
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Shrub or woodland - steppe - meadow |
| DRY DOMAIN |
Tropical/Subtropical Steppe Division |
Coniferous open woodland and semideserts |
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Steppes |
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Steppes and shrubs |
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Shortgrass steppes |
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Tropical/Subtropical Steppe Mountains |
Steppe or semidesert - mixed forest - alpine meadow or steppe |
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Tropical/Subtropical Desert Division |
Semideserts |
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Oceanic semideserts |
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Deserts on sand |
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Tropical/Subtropical Desert Mountains |
Semidesert - shrub - open woodland - steppe or alpine meadow |
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Desert or semidesert - open woodland or shrub - desert or steppe |
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Temperate Steppe Division |
Steppes |
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Dry steppes |
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Temperate Steppe Mountains |
Forest-steppe - coniferous forest - meadow - tundra |
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Steppe - coniferous forest - tundra |
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Steppe - coniferous forest |
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Steppe - open woodland - coniferous forest - alpine meadow |
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Temperate Desert Division |
Semideserts |
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Semideserts and deserts |
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Temperate Desert Mountains |
Semidesert - open woodland - coniferous forest - alpine meadow |
| HUMID TROPICAL DOMAIN |
Savanna Division |
Open woodlands, shrubs, and savannas |
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Semi-evergreen forests |
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Deciduous forests |
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Savanna Mountains |
Open woodland - deciduous forest - coniferous forest - steppe or meadow |
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Forest - steppe |
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Rainforest Division |
Semi-evergreen and evergreen forests |
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Evergreen forests |
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Rainforest Mountains |
Evergreen forest - meadow or paramos |
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World Wildlife Fund Ecoregions
(Click on an ecoregion name to view the graphical display for that ecoregion.) |
| Level I |
Major Habitat Type |
Ecoregion |
| TROPICAL BROADLEAF FORESTS |
Moist Forest |
Central American Atlantic Moist Forest |
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Central American Montane Forest |
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Chiapas Montane Forest |
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Chimalapas Montane Forest |
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Costa Rican Seasonal Moist Forest |
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Eastern Panamanian Montane Forest |
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Isthmian-Atlantic Moist Forest |
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Isthmian-Pacific Moist Forest |
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Oaxacan Montane Forest |
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Pantanos de Centla |
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Peten-Veracruz Moist Forest |
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Sierra de los Tuxtlas |
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Sierra Madre de Chiapas Moist Forest |
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South Florida Rocklands |
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Talamancan Montane Forest |
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Veracruz Moist Forest |
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Veracruz Montane Forest |
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Yucatan Moist Forest |
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Dry Forest |
Sonoran/Sinaloan Transition Dry Forests |
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Bajio Dry Forest |
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Balsas Dry Forest |
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Central American Dry Forest |
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Chiapas Depression Dry Forest |
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Jalisco Dry Forest |
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Panamanian Dry Forest |
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Sierra de la Laguna Dry Forest |
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Sinaloan Dry Forest |
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Southern Pacific Dry Forest |
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Veracruz Dry Forest |
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Yucatan Dry Forest |
| TEMPERATE CONIFER, BROADLEAF AND MIXED FORESTS |
Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
Sierra Madre Occidental Pine-Oak Forests |
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Sierra Madre Oriental Oak-Pine Forests |
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Sierra Juarez & San Pedro Martir Pine-Oak Forest |
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Belizian Pine Forest |
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Central American Pine-Oak Forest |
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Miskito Pine Forest |
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Sierra de la Laguna Pine-Oak Forest |
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Sierra Madre de Oaxaca Pine-Oak Forest |
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Sierra Madre del Sur Pine-Oak Forest |
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Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt Pine-Oak Forest |
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Willamette Valley Forest |
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Western Great Lakes Forest |
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Eastern Forest/Boreal Transition |
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Upper Midwest Forest/Savanna Transition Zone |
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Southern Great Lakes Forest |
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Eastern Great Lakes Lowland Forest |
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New England/Acadian Forest |
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Gulf of St. Lawrence Lowland Forest |
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Northeastern Coastal Forest |
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Allegheny Highlands Forest |
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Appalachian/Blue Ridge Forest |
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Appalachian Mixed Mesophytic Forest |
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Central U.S. Hardwood Forest |
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Ozark Mountain Forest |
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Mississippi Lowland Forest |
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East Central Texas Forest |
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Southeastern Mixed Forest |
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Coniferous Forests |
Northern Pacific Coastal Forest |
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Queen Charlotte Islands |
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Central British Columbia Mountain Forest |
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Alberta Mountain Forest |
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Fraser Plateau and Basin Complex |
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Alberta/British Columbia Foothills Forest |
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Northern Transitional Alpine Forest |
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North Central Rockies Forest |
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Okanogan Dry Forest |
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Cascade Mountains Leeward Forest |
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British Columbia Mainland Coastal Forest |
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Central Pacific Coastal Forest |
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Puget Lowland Forest |
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Central and Southern Cascades Forest |
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Eastern Cascades Forest |
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Blue Mountains Forest |
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Klamath-Siskiyou Forest |
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Northern California Coastal Forest |
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Sierra Nevada Forest |
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Great Basin Montane Forest |
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South Central Rockies Forest |
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Wasatch and Uinta Montane Forest |
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Colorado Rockies Forest |
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Arizona Mountains Forest |
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Piney Woods Forest |
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Atlantic Coastal Pine Barrens |
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Middle Atlantic Coastal Forest |
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Southeastern Conifer Forest |
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Florida Sand Pine Scrub |
| GRASSLANDS, SAVANNAS, SHRUBLANDS |
Grasslands/Savanna/Shrub |
Palouse Grassland |
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California Central Valley Grassland |
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Canadian Aspen Forest and Parkland |
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Northern Mixed Grassland |
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Montana Valley and Foothill Grassland |
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Northwestern Mixed Grassland |
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Northern Tall Grassland |
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Central Tall Grassland |
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Flint Hills Tall Grassland |
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Nebraska Sand Hills Mixed Grassland |
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Western Short Grassland |
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Central and Southern Mixed Grassland |
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Central Forest/Grassland Transition Zone |
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Edwards Plateau Savanna |
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Texas Blackland Prairies |
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Western Gulf Coastal Grassland |
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Flooded Grasslands |
Everglades |
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Montane Grasslands |
Zacatonal |
| MEDITERRANEAN AND XERIC FORMATIONS |
Mediterranean Scrub and Savanna |
California Coastal Sage and Chaparral |
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California Interior Chaparral and Woodland |
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California Montane Chaparral and Woodland |
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Xeric Shrublands/Scrublands/Deserts |
San Lucan Xeric Scrub |
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Baja California Desert |
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Gulf of California Xeric Scrub |
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Sonoran Desert |
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Chihuahuan Desert |
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Meseta Central Matorral |
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Tamaulipan Matorral |
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Tamaulipan Mezquital |
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Central Mexican Matorral |
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Tehuacan Valley Matorral |
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Snake/Columbia Shrub Steppe |
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Great Basin Shrub Steppe |
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Wyoming Basin Shrub Steppe |
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Colorado Plateau Shrubland |
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Mojave Desert |
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Motagua Valley Thornscrub |
| MANGROVES |
Mangroves |
Mangroves |
| BOREAL FOREST, TAIGA AND TUNDRA |
Boreal Forest/Taiga |
Interior Alaska/Yukon Lowland Taiga |
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Alaska Peninsula Montane Taiga |
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Cook Inlet Taiga |
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Copper Plateau Taiga |
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Northwest Territories Taiga |
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Yukon Interior Dry Forest |
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Northern Cordillera Forest |
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Muskwa/Slave Lake Forest |
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Northern Canadian Shield Taiga |
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Mid-Continental Canadian Forest |
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Midwestern Canadian Shield Forest |
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Central Canadian Shield Forest |
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Southern Hudson Bay Taiga |
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Eastern Canadian Shield Taiga |
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Eastern Canadian Forest |
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Newfoundland Highland Forest |
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South Avalon-Burin Oceanic Barrens |
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Tundra |
Beringia Lowland Tundra |
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Beringia Upland Tundra |
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Alaska/St. Elias Range Tundra |
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Pacific Coastal Mountain Tundra and Ice Fields |
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Interior Yukon/Alaska Alpine Tundra |
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Ogilvie/MacKenzie Alpine Tundra |
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Brooks/British Range Tundra |
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Arctic Foothills Tundra |
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Arctic Coastal Tundra |
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Low Arctic Tundra |
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Middle Arctic Tundra |
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High Arctic Tundra |
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Davis Highlands Tundra |
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Baffin Coastal Tundra |
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Torngat Mountain Tundra |
U.S. Department of the Interior |
U.S. Geological Survey