Special topic—Eruption plumes and clouds
David J. Schneider, Alexa R. Van Eaton
2024, Scientific Investigations Report 2024-5062-J
IntroductionExplosive eruptions create plumes of volcanic ash and gas that can rise more than 30,000 feet (9.1 kilometers [km]) above sea level within minutes of eruption onset. The resulting clouds disperse under prevailing winds and may cause hazardous conditions hundreds to thousands of kilometers from the volcano, including in international...
Monitoring marine eruptions
Gabrielle Tepp
2024, Scientific Investigations Report 2024-5062-I
IntroductionSubmarine volcanoes produce much of the same seismicity and eruptive activity as subaerial volcanoes and can pose hazards to society. Although they can be monitored with similar techniques and methods as described in other chapters of this volume, their submerged location brings unique challenges. This chapter addresses these challenges and...
Monitoring lahars
Weston A. Thelen, John J. Lyons, Alexandra M. Iezzi, Seth C. Moran
2024, Scientific Investigations Report 2024-5062-H
IntroductionLahars, or debris flows that originate from a volcano (Pierson and Scott, 1985; Pierson, 1995), are among the most destructive, far-reaching, and persistent hazards on stratovolcanoes. Lahars may be triggered by syneruptive rapid melting of snow and ice, lake breakouts, or heavy rains in conjunction with large eruptive columns. Alternatively,...
Tracking surface changes caused by volcanic activity
Tim R. Orr, Hannah R. Dietterich, Michael P. Poland
2024, Scientific Investigations Report 2024-5062-G
IntroductionDynamic volcanic landscapes produce various changes at the surface of volcanic edifices. For example, rising magma can induce thermal emissions, formation of ground cracks, and variations in glacier and edifice morphology; volcanic deposits from eruptions can transform the land surface with tephra fall, pyroclastic flows, lava flows and domes, and...
Streams, springs, and volcanic lakes for volcano monitoring
Steven E. Ingebritsen, Shaul Hurwitz
2024, Scientific Investigations Report 2024-5062-F
IntroductionVolcanic unrest can trigger appreciable change to surface waters such as streams, springs, and volcanic lakes. Magma degassing produces gases and soluble salts that are absorbed into groundwater that feeds streams and lakes. As magma ascends, the amount of heat and degassing will increase, and so will any related geochemical...
Volcanic gas monitoring
Jennifer L. Lewicki, Christoph Kern, Peter J. Kelly, Patricia A. Nadeau, Tamar Elias, Laura E. Clor
2024, Scientific Investigations Report 2024-5062-E
IntroductionAs magma rises through the crust, decreasing pressure conditions allow volatiles to exsolve from the magma. These volatiles then migrate upward through the crust, where they can be stored at shallower levels or escape to the atmosphere. Rising magma also heats rock masses beneath volcanic centers, causing water in shallow...
Ground deformation and gravity for volcano monitoring
Emily K. Montgomery-Brown, Kyle R. Anderson, Ingrid A. Johanson, Michael P. Poland, Ashton F. Flinders
2024, Scientific Investigations Report 2024-5062-D
IntroductionWhen magma accumulates or migrates, it can cause pressurization and related ground deformation. Characterization of surface deformation provides important constraints on the potential for future volcanic activity, especially in combination with seismic activity, gas emissions, and other indicators. A wide variety of techniques and instrument types have been applied to...
Infrasound for volcano monitoring
John J. Lyons, David Fee, Weston A. Thelen, Alexandra M. Iezzi, Aaron G. Wech
2024, Scientific Investigations Report 2024-5062-C
IntroductionVolcanic eruptions produce acoustic waves when volcanic gases and hot material rapidly expand in the atmosphere. Volcanic activity can produce acoustic signals with a wide range of frequencies, from very long period (>10 seconds) to audible (>20 hertz [Hz]), but the most energetic band is typically in the infrasound from...
Postrelease survival of Eleutherodactylus coqui: Advancing managed translocations as an adaptive tool for climate-vulnerable anurans
Rafael Chaparro, Ana C. Rivera-Burgos, Mitchell J. Eaton, Adam Terando, Eloy Martinez, Jaime A. Collazo
2024, Herpetologica (80) 314-320
Translocating amphibians to alternative, suitable habitat is a climate adaptation strategy aimed at minimizing the risk of extinction due to projected global warming and drying. Projected conditions could undermine their physiological performance, and thus survival and reproduction. Translocations minimize risks of extinction by increasing spatial redundancy across climate-resilient habitats, particularly...
Recommended capabilities and instrumentation for volcano monitoring in the United States
Ashton F. Flinders, Jacob B. Lowenstern, Michelle L. Coombs, Michael P. Poland, editor(s)
2024, Scientific Investigations Report 2024-5062
The National Volcano Early Warning System (NVEWS) was authorized and partially funded by the U.S. Government in 2019. In response, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Hazards Program asked its scientists to reflect on and summarize their views of best practices for volcano monitoring. The goal was to review and...
Mixed contaminant exposure in tapwater and the potential implications for human-health in disadvantaged communities in California
Kelly Smalling, Kristin M. Romanok, Paul M. Bradley, Michelle Hladik, James L. Gray, Leslie K. Kanagy, R. Blaine McCleskey, Diana A. Stavreva, Annika K. Alexander-Ozinskas, Jesus Alonso, Wendy Avila, Sara E. Breitmeyer, Roberto Bustillo, Stephanie E. Gordon, Gordon L. Hager, Rena R. Jones, Dana W. Kolpin, Seth Newton, Peggy Reynolds, John Sloop, Andria Ventura, Julie Von Behren, Mary H. Ward, Gina M. Solomon
2024, Water Research (267)
Water is an increasingly precious resource in California as years of drought, climate change, pollution, as well as an expanding population have all stressed the state's drinking water supplies. Currently, there are increasing concerns about whether regulated and unregulated contaminants in drinking water are linked to a variety of human-health...
Aridity drives the response of soil total and particulate organic carbon to drought in temperate grasslands and shrublands
Baoku Shi, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Alan K. Knapp, Melinda D. Smith, Sasha C. Reed, Brooke B. Osborne, Yolima Carrillo, Fernando T. Maestre, Yu Zhu, Anping Chen, Kate D Wilkins, Martin C. Holdrege, Andrew Kulmatiski, Catherine Picon-Cochard, Christiane Roscher, Sally A. Power, Kerry M. Byrne, Amber C. Churchill, Anke Jentsch, Hugh A. L. Henry, Karen H. Beard, Max A. Schuchardt, Nico Eisenhauer, Rafael Otfinowski, Yann Hautier, Huitao Shen, Yonghui Wang, Zhongwu Wang, Chengliang Wang, Daniela Francis Cusack, Alessandro Petraglia, Michele Carbognani, T'ai G.W. Forte, S. Luke Flory, Pengli Hou, Tao Zhang, Weifeng Gao, Wei Sun
2024, Science Advances (10)
The increasing prevalence of drought events in grasslands and shrublands worldwide potentially has impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC). We leveraged the International Drought Experiment to study how SOC, including particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) concentrations, responds to extreme drought treatments (1-in-100-year) for 1 to 5...
Ore mineralization in the Mofete and San Vito geothermal fields, Campi Flegrei volcanic complex, Naples, Italy
Harvey E. Belkin, Ryan J. McAleer, Benedetto De Vivo
2024, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (265)
The Mofete and San Vito geothermal fields, located west of Naples, Italy, are part of the Campi Flegrei volcanic complex. In the 1970s, exploratory wells were drilled to a depth of ~3000 m in an attempt to locate high-enthalpy fluids for potential power production. Drill core samples from Mofete wells (MF1,...
Arctic fishes reveal patterns in radiocarbon age across habitats and with recent climate change
Ashley E. Stanek, Jonathan A. O’Donnell, Michael P. Carey, Sarah M. Laske, Xiaomei Xu, Kenneth H. Dunton, Vanessa R. von Biela
2024, Limnology and Oceanography Letters (9) 796-805
Climate change alters the sources and age of carbon in Arctic food webs by fostering the release of older carbon from degrading permafrost. Radiocarbon (14C) traces carbon sources and age, but data before rapid warming are rare and limit assessments over time. We capitalized on 14C...
A data exchange standard for wadeable stream habitat monitoring data
Rebecca A. Scully, Erin K. Dlabola, Jennifer M. Bayer, Emily Heaston, Jennifer Courtwright, Marcia N. Snyder, David Hockman-Wert, W. Carl Saunders, Karen A. Blocksom, Christine Hirsch, Scott W. Miller
2024, Techniques and Methods 16-B2
Data from wadeable streams collected by monitoring programs are used to assess watershed condition status and trends. Federally managed programs collect a suite of similar habitat measurements using compatible methods and produce individual program datasets for their prescribed geographic and temporal range. We identified four programs that produce similar data:...
Editorial: From cold seeps to hydrothermal vents: Geology, chemistry, microbiology, and ecology in marine and coastal environments
Glen T. Snyder, Andrew R. Thurber, Stephanie Dupre, Marcelo Ketzer, Carolyn D. Ruppel
2024, Frontiers in Earth Science (12)
This Research Topic compiles contemporary studies on cold seeps, hydrothermal vents, mud volcanoes, and related seafloor features that are associated with focused fluid emissions and the transfer of carbon, other chemical species, and sometimes heat from the geosphere to the ocean. Because these features sometimes tap fluids and gas...
New insights on the origin of the Richardson-Richards equation
John R. Nimmo
2024, Hydrological Sciences Journal (69) 2153-2158
The Richardson-Richards equation (RRE), despite known shortcomings especially in regard to preferential flow, provides the basis of the vast majority of unsaturated flow models in use today. L.F. Richardson published this equation in 1922, nine years before L.A. Richards. Whereas Richards approached this problem directly from the groundbreaking developments of...
Dust in the Critical Zone: North American case studies
Janice Brahney, Ruth C. Heindel, Thomas E. Gill, Gregory Carling, Juan M Gonzalez-Olalla, Jenny L. Hand, Derek V. Mallia, Jeffrey S. Munroe, Kevin Perry, Annie L. Putman, S. McKenzie Skiles, Brad R. Adams, Zachary T. Aanderud, Sarah M. Aarons, Daniela Aguirre, Karin Ardon-Dryer, Molly A. Blakowski, Jessie M. Creamean, Diego P. Fernandez, Hosein Foroutan, Cassandra J. Gaston, Maura Hahnenberger, Sebastian W. Hoch, Daniel K. Jones, Kerry E. Kelly, Otto I. Lang, Josh Lemonte, Richard L. Reynolds, Ramesh P. Singh, Mark Sweeney, Thorn K. Merrill
2024, Earth-Science Reviews (258)
The dust cycle facilitates the exchange of particles among Earth's major systems, enabling dust to traverse ecosystems, cross geographic boundaries, and even move uphill against the natural flow of gravity. Dust in the atmosphere is composed of a complex and ever-changing mixture that reflects the evolving human footprint on the...
Quantifying fine sediment infiltration in spawning gravel used by Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Sauk River Basin, Washington, 2018–21
Kristin L. Jaeger, Scott W. Anderson, Anya C. Leach, Scott T. Morris
2024, Scientific Investigations Report 2024-5077
Fine sediment can infiltrate into river substrate that salmonid fish species (Oncorhynchus spp.) use to spawn. High levels of sediment infiltration can increase egg-to-fry mortality, which corresponds to the period when salmonids are still residing in the subsurface gravels. This study quantifies fine sediment infiltration of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)...
Boundary spanning increases knowledge and action on invasive species in a changing climate
Annette E. Evans, Eva M. Colberg, Jenica M. Allen, Evelyn M. Beaury, Carrie Jean Brown-Lima, Toni Lyn Morelli, Bethany A. Bradley
2024, Ecological Solutions and Evidence (5)
Challenges associated with global change stressors on ecosystems have prompted calls to improve actionable science, including through boundary-spanning activities, which aim to build connections and communication between researchers and natural resource practitioners. By synthesizing and translating research and practitioner knowledge, boundary-spanning activities could support proactive, research-informed conservation practice, but...
Comparison of water quality in shallow groundwater near agricultural areas in the Delaware Coastal Plain, 2014 and 2019
Alexander M. Soroka, Betzaida Reyes, Brandon J. Fleming, Michael Brownley
2024, Scientific Investigations Report 2024-5076
The State of Delaware has encouraged agricultural conservation practices to improve nutrient uptake by crops and mitigate nutrient transport to groundwater in the surficial aquifer. To study recent changes in groundwater quality, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Delaware Department of Agriculture (DDA) developed a network of shallow wells near...
Coastal wetlands in the Anthropocene
John W. Day, Edward Anthony, Robert Costanza, Douglas Edmonds, Joel Gunn, Charles Hopkinson, Michael E. Mann, James Morris, Michael Osland, Tracy Quirk, Andre S. Rovai, John M Rybczyk, Thomas Spencer, Jessica Stephens, Jaia Syvitski, Robert R. Twilley, Jenneke Visser, John R. White
2024, Annual Review of Environment and Resources (49) 105-135
We review the functioning and sustainability of coastal marshes and mangroves. Urbanized humans have a 7,000-year-old enduring relationship to coastal wetlands. Wetlands include marshes, salt flats, and saline and freshwater forests. Coastal wetlands occur in all climate zones but are most abundant in deltas. Mangroves are tropical, whereas marshes occur...
Adapting standardized trout monitoring to a changing climate for the upper Yellowstone River, Montana, USA
Michelle A. Briggs, Hayley Corrine Glassic, Christopher S. Guy, Scott T. Opitz, Jay J. Rotella, David A. Schmetterling
2024, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (44) 947-961
ObjectiveLong‐term standardized monitoring programs are fundamental to assessing how fish populations respond to anthropogenic stressors. Standardized monitoring programs may need to adopt new methods to adapt to rapid environmental changes that are associated with a changing climate. In the upper Yellowstone River, Montana, biologists have used a standardized,...
Onset of aftershocks: Constraints on the Rate-and-State model
Sebastian Hainzl, Morgan T. Page, Nicholas van der Elst
2024, Seismological Research Letters (95) 3507-3516
Aftershock rates typically decay with time t after the mainshock according to the Omori–Utsu law, R(t)=K(c+t)−p, with parameters K, c, and p. The rate‐and‐state (RS) model, which is currently the most popular physics‐based seismicity model, also predicts an Omori–Utsu decay with p = 1 and a c‐value that depends on the size of the coseismic stress change....
Understanding the role of recreational angling technology in angler expectations of catch, trip catch, and angler satisfaction
Amanda M. Kerkhove, Ashley Trudeau, Olaf P. Jensen, Daniel A. Isermann, Patricia A. Dombrowski, Alexandra M. Latimer, Zachary S. Feiner
2024, Fisheries Magazine (49) 463-474
Rapid technological advancement often receives a mix of criticism and welcome implementation. Fishing technologies, such as sonar, are believed to enable anglers to be more efficient and effective in their angling. There are concerns from anglers and managers of increased catch by technology users. We assessed the relationships between technology...
