Climatic and biotic controls on annual carbon storage in Amazonian ecosystems
H. Tian, J. M. Melillo, D. W. Kicklighter, A. D. McGuire, J. Helfrich Iii, B. Moore III, C. J. Vorosmarty
2000, Global Ecology and Biogeography (9) 315-335
1 The role of undisturbed tropical land ecosystems in the global carbon budget is not well understood. It has been suggested that inter-annual climate variability can affect the capacity of these ecosystems to store carbon in the short term. In this paper, we use a transient version of the Terrestrial...
Intra-basinal water movements induced by faulting: The August 17, 1999, Golcuk (Izmit Bay) earthquake (M(W) = 7.4)
H. Ozturk, H. Koral, E.L. Geist
2000, Marine Geology (170) 263-270
A strong earthquake (M(w) = 7.4) occurred near the town of Golcuk, Izmit Bay, Western Turkey, at 00:01 GMT on August 17, 1999. Izmit Bay is a E-W trending pull-apart basin with a surface area of about 300 km2 along the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAF), in the eastern extension...
Sedimentary record of the 1872 earthquake and "Tsunami" at Owens Lake, southeast California
J. P. Smoot, R. J. Litwin, J. L. Bischoff, S. J. Lund
2000, Sedimentary Geology (135) 241-254
In 1872, a magnitude 7.5-7.7 earthquake vertically offset the Owens Valley fault by more than a meter. An eyewitness reported a large wave on the surface of Owens Lake, presumably initiated by the earthquake. Physical evidence of this event is found in cores and trenches from Owens Lake, including soft-sediment...
Densities of Barrow's goldeneyes during winter in Prince William Sound, Alaska in relation to habitat, food, and history of oil contamination
Daniel Esler, Timothy D. Bowman, Charles E. O’Clair, Thomas A. Dean, Lyman L. McDonald
2000, Waterbirds (23) 423-429
We evaluated variation in densities of Barrow's Goldeneyes (Bucephala islandica) during winter at 214 sites within oiled and unoiled study areas in Prince William Sound, Alaska in relation to physical habitat attributes, prey biomass, and history of habitat contamination by the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. Using general linear model...
Microsatellites: Evolutionary and methodological background and empirical applications at individual, population, and phylogenetic levels
Kim T. Scribner, John M. Pearce
Allan J. Baker, editor(s)
2000, Book chapter, Molecular methods in ecology
The recent proliferation and greater accessibility of molecular genetic markers has led to a growing appreciation of the ecological and evolutionary inferences that can be drawn from molecular characterizations of individuals and populations (Burke et al. 1992, Avise 1994). Different techniques have the ability to target DNA sequences which have...
Invertebrate assemblages and trace element bioaccumulation associated with constructed wetlands
S. M. Nelson, R.A. Roline, J.S. Thullen, J.J. Sartoris, J.E. Boutwell
2000, Wetlands (20) 406-415
Invertebrate assemblages were studied in eight monoculture wetland mesocosms constructed for wastewater treatment. Low concentrations of dissolved oxygen (D.O.) were measured in bulrush mesocosms while higher concentrations of D.O. were measured in open water mesocosms containing submerged pondweeds. Invertebrate taxa richness was positively related to D.O. concentrations that were, in...
Susceptibility of Arctic char to experimental challenge with Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) and Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV)
P. E. McAllister, J. Bebak, B.A. Wagner
2000, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (12) 35-43
Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus were exposed to the fish pathogens infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) to estimate susceptibility of the species to infection. Fish were immersion challenged at 46, 74, and 95 d posthatch for 5 h in viral concentration of 103 or 105 PFU(plaque-forming units)/mL and were...
Estimating the variance and integral scale of the transmissivity field using head residual increments
Li Zheng, Stephen E. Silliman
2000, Water Resources Research (36) 1353-1358
A modification of previously published solutions regarding the spatial variation of hydraulic heads is discussed whereby the semivariogram of increments of head residuals (termed head residual increments HRIs) are related to the variance and integral scale of the transmissivity field. A first‐order solution is developed for the case of a...
Host fish suitability for glochidia of Ligumia recta
J.R. Khym, J.B. Layzer
2000, American Midland Naturalist (143) 178-184
In the early 1900s several hosts were identified for the black sandshell Ligumia recta. Recent attempts to propagate juvenile L. recta with two of the reported hosts (bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides) have produced inconsistent results and few juveniles. We conducted this study to determine which of the reported...
Deformation across the forearc of the Cascadia subduction zone at Cape Blanco, Oregon
J.C. Savage, J. L. Svarc, W.H. Prescott, M.H. Murray
2000, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (105) 3095-3102
Over the interval 1992-1999 the U.S. Geological Survey measured the deformation of a geodetic array extending N880°E (approximate direction of plate convergence) from Cape Blanco on the Oregon coast to the volcanic arc near Newberry Crater (55 and 350 km, respectively, from the deformation front). Within about 150 km from...
High-Resolution Thermal Inertia Mapping from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer
M. T. Mellon, B. M. Jakosky, H. H. Kieffer, P. R. Christensen
2000, Icarus (148) 437-455
High-resolution thermal inertia mapping results are presented, derived from Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) observations of the surface temperature of Mars obtained during the early portion of the MGS mapping mission. Thermal inertia is the key property controlling the diurnal surface temperature variations, and is dependent on...
Test of a modified habitat suitability model for bighorn sheep
L. C. Zeigenfuss, F. J. Singer, M.A. Gudorf
2000, Restoration Ecology (8) 38-46
Translocation of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is time, labor, and cost intensive and, therefore, high levels of success are desirable. We tested a widely used habitat suitability model against translocation success and then modified it to include additional factors which improved its usefulness in predicting appropriate translocation sites. The modified...
Wildlife tradeoffs based on landscape models of habitat preference
C. Loehle, M.S. Mitchell, M. White
2000, Conference Paper, NCASI Proceedings
Wildlife tradeoffs based on landscape models of habitat preference were presented. Multiscale logistic regression models were used and based on these models a spatial optimization technique was utilized to generate optimal maps. The tradeoffs were analyzed by gradually increasing the weighting on a single species in the objective function over...
Mechanism and rate of denitrification in an agricultural watershed: Electron and mass balance along groundwater flow paths
Anthony J. Tesoriero, Hugh Liebscher, Stephen E. Cox
2000, Water Resources Research (36) 1545-1559
The rate and mechanism of nitrate removal along and between groundwater flow paths were investigated using a series of well nests screened in an unconfined sand and gravel aquifer. Intensive agricultural activity in this area has resulted in nitrate concentrations in groundwater often exceeding drinking water standards. Both the extent...
Scaling up from field to region for wind erosion prediction using a field-scale wind erosion model and GIS
T.M. Zobeck, N. C. Parker, S. Haskell, K. Guoding
2000, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (82) 247-259
Factors that affect wind erosion such as surface vegetative and other cover, soil properties and surface roughness usually change spatially and temporally at the field-scale to produce important field-scale variations in wind erosion. Accurate estimation of wind erosion when scaling up from fields to regions, while maintaining meaningful field-scale process...
Numerical modeling of an enhanced very early time electromagnetic (VETEM) prototype system
T.J. Cui, W.C. Chew, A.A. Aydiner, D.L. Wright, D.V. Smith, J.D. Abraham
2000, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine (42) 17-27
In this paper, two numerical models are presented to simulate an enhanced very early time electromagnetic (VETEM) prototype system, which is used for buried-object detection and environmental problems. Usually, the VETEM system contains a transmitting loop antenna and a receiving loop antenna, which run on a lossy ground to detect...
A seismic landslide susceptibility rating of geologic units based on analysis of characterstics of landslides triggered by the 17 January, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake
M. Parise, Randall W. Jibson
2000, Engineering Geology (58) 251-270
One of the most significant effects of the 17 January, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake (M=6.7) was the triggering of thousands of landslides over a broad area. Some of these landslides damaged and destroyed homes and other structures, blocked roads, disrupted pipelines, and caused...
Tropical climate at the last glacial maximum inferred from glacier mass-balance modeling
S. W. Hostetler, P.U. Clark
2000, Science (290) 1747-1750
Model-derived equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) of former tropical glaciers support arguments, based on other paleoclimate data, for both the magnitude and spatial pattern of terrestrial cooling in the tropics at the last glacial maximum (LGM). Relative to the present, LGM ELAs were maintained by air temperatures that were 3.5??to 6.6...
Fractured-aquifer hydrogeology from geophysical logs: Brunswick group and Lockatong Formation, Pennsylvania
Roger H. Morin, Lisa A. Senior, Edward R. Decker
2000, Ground Water (38) 182-192
The Brunswick Group and the underlying Lockatong Formation are composed of lithified Mesozoic sediments that constitute part of the Newark Basin in southeastern Pennsylvania. These fractured rocks form an important regional aquifer that consists of gradational sequences of shale, siltstone, and sandstone, with fluid transport occurring primarily in fractures. An...
A funnel trap modification for surface collection of aquatic amphibians and reptiles
Michael L. Casazza, G.D. Wylie, C.J. Gregory
2000, Herpetological Review (31) 91-92
Effects of disease, dispersal, and area on bighorn sheep restoration
J.E. Gross, F. J. Singer, M.E. Moses
2000, Restoration Ecology (8) 25-37
We simulated population dynamics of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) inhabiting six discrete habitat patches in the Badlands ecosystem, South Dakota. Modeled populations were subjected to a range of potential management actions and rates of disease-causing infection. Simulated disease varied in severity from mild (∼12% mortality) to severe (∼67% mortality), with...
Inhibition of hydroxyl radical reaction with aromatics by dissolved natural organic matter
M.E. Lindsey, M.A. Tarr
2000, Environmental Science & Technology (34) 444-449
Reaction of aromatic compounds with hydroxyl radical is inhibited by dissolved natural organic matter (NOM). The degree of inhibition is significantly greater than that expected based on a simple model in which aromatic compound molecules bound to NOM are considered to be unreactive. In this study, hydroxyl radical was produced...
Linking biodiversity to ecosystem function: Implications for conservation ecology
M.W. Schwartz, C.A. Brigham, J.D. Hoeksema, K.G. Lyons, M.H. Mills, P. van Mantgem
2000, Oecologia (122) 297-305
We evaluate the empirical and theoretical support for the hypothesis that a large proportion of native species richness is required to maximize ecosystem stability and sustain function. This assessment is important for conservation strategies because sustenance of ecosystem functions has been used as an argument for the conservation of species....
Population persistence in Florida torreya: Comparing modeled projections of a declining coniferous tree
Mark W. Schwartz, Sharon M. Hermann, Phillip J. van Mantgem
2000, Conservation Biology (14) 1023-1033
The Florida torreya ( Torreya taxifolia) is a coniferous tree endemic to a 35-km stretch of bluffs and ravines along the east side of the Apalachicola River in northern Florida and southern Georgia. This formerly locally abundant tree has declined as a result of disease during the 1950s and is on...
Distribution of trace elements in selected pulverized coals as a function of particle size and density
C.L. Senior, T. Zeng, J. Che, M.R. Ames, A.F. Sarofim, I. Olmez, Frank E. Huggins, N. Shah, G.P. Huffman, A. Kolker, S. Mroczkowski, C. Palmer, R. Finkelman
2000, Fuel Processing Technology (63) 215-241
Trace elements in coal have diverse modes of occurrence that will greatly influence their behavior in many coal utilization processes. Mode of occurrence is important in determining the partitioning during coal cleaning by conventional processes, the susceptibility to oxidation upon exposure to air, as well as the changes in physical...
