Unsaturated‐zone wedge beneath a large, natural lake
Donald O. Rosenberry
2000, Water Resources Research (36) 3401-3409
Lake Belle Taine (480 ha) in north central Minnesota receives on average 76,000 m3 d−1 of water from Little Sand Creek but has no outlet. Water seeps out of the lake, flows through glacial outwash, and discharges into three nearby lakes with stages 13–14 m lower than Belle Taine. Seepage‐meter data indicate...
The 2000 revision of the joint UK/US geomagnetic field models and an IGRF 2000 candidate model
S. Macmillan, J.M. Quinn
2000, Earth, Planets and Space (52) 1149-1162
The method of derivation of the joint UK/US spherical harmonic geomagnetic main-field and secular-variation models is presented. Early versions of these models, with the main field truncated at degree 10, are the UK/US candidates for the IGRF 2000 model. The main-field model describes the Earth’s magnetic field at the 2000.0...
Influence of a nonionic surfactant (Triton X-100) on contaminant distribution between water and several soil solids
J.-F. Lee, P.-M. Liao, C.-C. Kuo, H.-T. Yang, C. T. Chiou
2000, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (229) 445-452
The influence of a nonionic surfactant (Triton X-100) on the contaminant distribution coefficients in solid–water mixtures was determined for a number of relatively nonpolar compounds (contaminants) on several natural solids. The studied compounds consisted of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene) and chlorinated pesticides...
Ecophysiology of wetland plant roots: A modelling comparison of aeration in relation to species distribution
B.K. Sorrell, I.A. Mendelssohn, K.L. McKee, R.A. Woods
2000, Annals of Botany (86) 675-685
This study examined the potential for inter-specific differences in root aeration to determine wetland plant distribution in nature. We compared aeration in species that differ in the type of sediment and depth of water they colonize. Differences in root anatomy, structure and physiology were applied to aeration models that predicted...
Viscoelastic-coupling model for the earthquake cycle driven from below
J.C. Savage
2000, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (105) 25525-25532
In a linear system the earthquake cycle can be represented as the sum of a solution which reproduces the earthquake cycle itself (viscoelastic-coupling model) and a solution that provides the driving force. We consider two cases, one in which the earthquake cycle is driven by stresses transmitted along the schizosphere...
Bedrock knobs, San Francisco Bay: Do navigation hazards outweigh other environment problems?
Paul R. Carlson, John L. Chin, Florence L. Wong
2000, Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (6) 41-55
Three bedrock knobs (Arch, Harding, and Shag rocks) rise above the unconsolidated sediment of central San Francisco Bay to a water depth of less than -12 m (<-39.4 ft MLLW). These rocks are within the westbound vessel traffic area, and the northernmost, Harding Rock, is approximately 300 m (984 ft)...
Preface paper to the Semi-Arid Land-Surface-Atmosphere (SALSA) Program special issue
D.C. Goodrich, A. Chehbouni, B. Goff, B. MacNish, T. Maddock, S. Moran, W.J. Shuttleworth, D. G. Williams, C. Watts, L.H. Hipps, D.I. Cooper, J. Schieldge, Y.H. Kerr, H. Arias, M. Kirkland, R. Carlos, P. Cayrol, W. Kepner, B. Jones, R. Avissar, A. Begue, J.-M. Bonnefond, G. Boulet, B. Branan, J.P. Brunel, L.C. Chen, T. Clarke, M.R. Davis, H. DeBruin, G. Dedieu, E. Elguero, W.E. Eichinger, J. Everitt, J. Garatuza-Payan, V.L. Gempko, H. Gupta, C. Harlow, O. Hartogensis, M. Helfert, C. Holifield, D. Hymer, A. Kahle, T. Keefer, S. Krishnamoorthy, J.-P. Lhomme, J.-P. Lagouarde, Seen D. Lo, D. Luquet, R. Marsett, B. Monteny, W. Ni, Y. Nouvellon, R. Pinker, C. Peters, D. Pool, J. Qi, S. Rambal, J. Rodriguez, F. Santiago, E. Sano, S.M. Schaeffer, M. Schulte, R. Scott, X. Shao, K.A. Snyder, S. Sorooshian, C.L. Unkrich, M. Whitaker, I. Yucel
2000, Conference Paper, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
The Semi-Arid Land-Surface-Atmosphere Program (SALSA) is a multi-agency, multi-national research effort that seeks to evaluate the consequences of natural and human-induced environmental change in semi-arid regions. The ultimate goal of SALSA is to advance scientific understanding of the semi-arid portion of the hydrosphere-biosphere interface in order to provide reliable information...
Testing a full‐range soil‐water retention function in modeling water potential and temperature
Brian J. Andraski, Elizabeth A. Jacobson
2000, Water Resources Research (36) 3081-3089
Recent work has emphasized development of full‐range water‐retention functions that are applicable under both wet and dry soil conditions, but evaluation of such functions in numerical modeling has been limited. Here we show that simulations using the Rossi‐Nimmo (RN) full‐range function compared favorably with those using the common Brooks‐Corey function...
Seasonal estimates of riparian evapotranspiration using remote and in situ measurements
D.C. Goodrich, R. Scott, J. Qi, B. Goff, C.L. Unkrich, M. S. Moran, D. Williams, S. Schaeffer, K. Snyder, R. MacNish, T. Maddock, D. Pool, A. Chehbouni, D.I. Cooper, W.E. Eichinger, W.J. Shuttleworth, Y. Kerr, R. Marsett, W. Ni
2000, Conference Paper, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
In many semi-arid basins during extended periods when surface snowmelt or storm runoff is absent, groundwater constitutes the primary water source for human habitation, agriculture and riparian ecosystems. Utilizing regional groundwater models in the management of these water resources requires accurate estimates of basin boundary conditions. A critical groundwater boundary...
Re-Os isotopic systematics of primitive lavas from the Lassen region of the Cascade arc, California
L. E. Borg, A.D. Brandon, M.A. Clynne, R.J. Walker
2000, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (177) 301-317
Rhenium-osmium isotopic systematics of primitive calc-alkaline lavas from the Lassen region appear to be controlled by mantle wedge processes. Lavas with a large proportion of slab component have relatively low Re and Os abundances, and have radiogenic Os and mid ocean ridge basalt-like Sr and Pb isotopic compositions. Lavas with...
A geometricla error in some Computer Programs based on the Aki-Christofferson-Husebye (ACH) Method of Teleseismic Tomography
B.R. Julian, J.R. Evans, M.J. Pritchard, G.R. Foulger
2000, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (90) 1554-1558
Some computer programs based on the Aki-Christofferson-Husebye (ACH) method of teleseismic tomography contain an error caused by identifying local grid directions with azimuths on the spherical Earth. This error, which is most severe in high latitudes, introduces systematic errors into computed ray paths and distorts inferred Earth models. It is...
January 30, 1997 eruptive event on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, as monitored by continuous GPS
S. Owen, P. Segall, M. Lisowski, Asta Mikijus, M. Murray, M. Bevis, J. Foster
2000, Geophysical Research Letters (27) 2757-2760
A continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) network on Kilauea Volcano captured the most recent fissure eruption in Kilauea's East Rift Zone (ERZ) in unprecedented spatial and temporal detail. The short eruption drained the lava pond at Pu'u O' o, leading to a two month long pause in its on-going eruption....
Updated population metadata for United States historical climatology network stations
T.W. Owen, K. P. Gallo
2000, Journal of Climate (13) 4028-4033
The United States Historical Climatology Network (HCN) serial temperature dataset is comprised of 1221 high-quality, long-term climate observing stations. The HCN dataset is available in several versions, one of which includes population-based temperature modifications to adjust urban temperatures for the "heat-island" effect. Unfortunately, the decennial population metadata file is not...
Assessing sorbent injection mercury control effectiveness in flue gas streams
T.R. Carey, C. F. Richardson, R. Chang, F.B. Meserole, M. Rostam-Abadi, S. Chen
2000, Environmental Progress (19) 167-174
One promising approach for removing mercury from coal-fired, utility flue gas involves the direct injection of mercury sorbents. Although this method has been effective at removing mercury in municipal waste incinerators, tests conducted to date on utility coal-fired boilers show that mercury removal is much more difficult in utility flue...
Characterization of seismic hazard and structural response by energy flux
E. Afak
2000, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (20) 39-43
Seismic safety of structures depends on the structure's ability to absorb the seismic energy that is transmitted from ground to structure. One parameter that can be used to characterize seismic energy is the energy flux. Energy flux is defined as the amount of energy transmitted per unit time through a...
A crustal model of the ultrahigh-pressure Dabie Shan orogenic belt, China, derived from deep seismic refraction profiling
Chun-Yong Wang, Rong-Sheng Zeng, Walter D. Mooney, B. R. Hacker
2000, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (105) 10857-10869
We present a new crustal cross section through the east-west trending ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) Dabie Shan orogenic belt, east central China, based on a 400-km-long seismic refraction profile. Data from our profile reveal that the cratonal blocks north and south of the orogen are composed of 35-km-thick crust consisting of three...
Style and age of late Oligocene-early Miocene deformation in the southern Stillwater Range, west central Nevada: Paleomagnetism, geochronology, and field relations
Mark R. Hudson, David A. John, James E. Conrad, Edwin H. McKee
2000, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (105) 929-954
Paleomagnetic and geochronologic data combined with geologic mapping tightly restrict the timing and character of a late Oligocene to early Miocene episode of large magnitude extension in the southern Stillwater Range and adjacent regions of west central Nevada. The southern Stillwater Range was the site of an Oligocene to early...
Considerations involved with the use of semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring environmental contaminants
J. D. Petty, C.E. Orazio, J.N. Huckins, R.W. Gale, J.A. Lebo, J.C. Meadows, K. R. Echols, W.L. Cranor
2000, Journal of Chromatography A (879) 83-95
Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) are used with increasing frequency, and throughout the world as samplers of organic contaminants. The devices can be used to detect a variety of lipophilic chemicals in water, sediment/soil, and air. SPMDs are designed to sample nonpolar, hydrophobic chemicals. The maximum concentration factor achievable for a...
Mobilization of major inorganic ions during experimental diagenesis of characterized peats
A.M. Bailey, A.D. Cohen, W. H. Orem, J.H. Blackson
2000, Chemical Geology (166) 287-300
Laboratory experiments were undertaken to study changes in concentrations of major inorganic ions during simulated burial of peats to about 1.5 km. Cladium, Rhizophora, and Cyrilla peats were first analyzed to determine cation distributions among fractions of the initial materials and minerals in residues from wet oxidation. Subsamples of the...
Predicting the physical effects of relocating Boston's sewage outfall
R. P. Signell, H. L. Jenter, A.F. Blumberg
2000, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (50) 59-72
Boston is scheduled to cease discharge of sewage effluent in Boston Harbor in Spring 2000 and begin discharge at a site 14 km offshore in Massachusetts Bay in a water depth of about 30 m. The effects of this outfall relocation on effluent dilution, salinity and circulation are predicted with...
Factors limiting mallard brood survival in prairie pothole landscapes
Gary L. Krapu, Pamela J. Pietz, David A. Brandt, Robert R. Cox Jr.
2000, Journal of Wildlife Management (64) 553-561
In order to estimate mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) production from managed and unmanaged lands, waterfowl biologists need measurable predictors of brood survival. We evaluated effects of percent of seasonal basins holding water (WETSEAS), percent of upland landscape in perennial cover (PERNCOVER), rainfall (RAIN), daily minimum ambient temperature (TMIN), hatch date (HATCHDATE),...
Studies in neotropical paleobotany. XIV. A palynoflora from the middle Eocene Saramaguacán formation of Cuba
A. Graham, D. Cozadd, A. Areces-Mallea, N. O. Frederiksen
2000, American Journal of Botany (87) 1526-1539
An assemblage of 46 fossil pollen and spore types is described from a core drilled through the middle Eocene Saramaguacán Formation, Camagüey Province, eastern Cuba. Many of the specimens represent unidentified or extinct taxa but several can be identified to family (Palmae, Bombacaceae, Gramineae, Moraceae, Myrtaceae) and some to genus...
Regional Crustal Structures and Their Relationship to the Distribution of Ore Deposits in the Western United States, Based on Magnetic and Gravity Data
T.G. Hildenbrand, B. Berger, R.C. Jachens, S. Ludington
2000, Economic Geology (95) 1583-1603
Upgraded gravity and magnetic databases and associated filtered-anomaly maps of western United States define regional crustal fractures or faults that may have guided the emplacement of plutonic rocks and large metallic ore deposits. Fractures, igneous intrusions, and hydrothermal circulation tend to be localized along boundaries of crustal blocks, with geophysical...
Growth and food consumption by tiger muskellunge: Effects of temperature and ration level on bioenergetic model predictions
Steven R. Chipps, Lisa M. Einfalt, David H. Wahl
2000, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (129) 186-193
We measured growth of age-0 tiger muskellunge as a function of ration size (25, 50, 75, and 100% Cmax) and water temperature (7.5–25°C) and compared experimental results with those predicted from a bioenergetic model. Discrepancies between actual and predicted values varied appreciably with water temperature and growth rate. On average,...
Using submarine lava pillars to record mid-ocean ridge eruption dynamics
Tracy Gregg, Daniel J. Fornari, Michael R. Perfit, W. Ian Ridley, Mark D. Kurz
2000, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (178) 195-214
Submarine lava pillars are hollow, glass-lined, basaltic cylinders that occur at the axis of the mid-ocean ridge, and within the summit calderas of some seamounts. Typically, pillars are ~1-20 m tall and 0.25-2.0 m in diameter, with subhorizontal to horizontal glassy selvages on their exterior walls. Lava pillars form gradually...
