Modeling biotic habitat high risk areas
Don G. Despain, P. Beier, C. Tate, B.M. Durtsche, T. Stephens
2000, Journal of Sustainable Forestry (11) 89-117
Fire, especially stand replacing fire, poses a threat to many threatened and endangered species as well as their habitat. On the other hand, fire is important in maintaining a variety of successional stages that can be important for approach risk assessment to assist in prioritizing areas for allocation of fire...
Formation and distribution of coal balls in the Herrin Coal (Pennsylvanian), Franklin County, Illinois Basin, USA
P.J. DeMaris
2000, Journal of the Geological Society (157) 221-228
Large areas of concentrated coal balls (permineralized peat) up to 4 m thick obstructed longwall mining in the Herrin Coal at the Old Ben No. 24 mine. The largest coal‐ball area mapped contained >1500 m3; several areas contained >400 m3 of coal balls. In‐mine mapping established that there were two types of roof (freshwater...
Discrepancy between earthquake rates implied by historic earthquakes and a consensus geologic source model for California
M.D. Petersen, C.H. Cramer, M.S. Reichle, A.D. Frankel, Thomas C. Hanks
2000, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (90) 1117-1132
We examine the difference between expected earthquake rates inferred from the historical earthquake catalog and the geologic data that was used to develop the consensus seismic source characterization for the state of California [California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology (CDMG) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Petersen et...
A hybrid orographic plus statistical model for downscaling daily precipitation in northern California
G.R. Pandey, D.R. Cayan, M. D. Dettinger, K.P. Georgakakos
2000, Journal of Hydrometeorology (1) 491-506
A hybrid (physical–statistical) scheme is developed to resolve the finescale distribution of daily precipitation over complex terrain. The scheme generates precipitation by combining information from the upper-air conditions and from sparsely distributed station measurements; thus, it proceeds in two steps. First, an initial estimate of the precipitation is made using a...
Responses of physical, chemical, and biological indicators of water quality to a gradient of agricultural land use in the Yakima River Basin, Washington
T. F. Cuffney, M. R. Meador, S. D. Porter, M. E. Gurtz
2000, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (64) 259-270
The condition of 25 stream sites in the Yakima River Basin, Washington, were assessed by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Multimetric condition indices were developed and used to rank sites on the basis of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. These indices showed that sites in the Cascades...
Clast-fabric development in a shearing granular material: Implications for subglacial till and fault gouge
T.S. Hooyer, N.R. Iverson
2000, Geological Society of America Bulletin (112) 683-692
Elongate clasts in subglacial till and in fault gouge align during shearing, but the relation between clast-fabric strength and cumulative shear strain for such materials is effectively unknown. This relation was explored in experiments with a large ring-shear device in which a till and a viscous putty that contained isolated...
Reconnaissance survey of sulfonamide, sulfonylurea, and imidazolinone herbicides in surface streams and groundwater of the Midwestern United States
T.R. Steinheimer, R.L. Pfeiffer, K.D. Scoggin, W.A. Battaglin
2000, Conference Paper, Agrochemical fate and movement
The study objective was to conduct a small scale synoptic survey of representative water resources draining agricultural land for occurrence of several herbicide residues. These new classes of herbicides are commonly applied pre-emergence or post-emergence in conservation tillage systems to control grasses and broadleaf weeds in cropped and noncropped areas....
Dominance of an ~150-year cycle of sand-supply change in late Holocene dune-building along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan
W.L. Loope, A.F. Arbogast
2000, Quaternary Research (54) 414-422
Outcrops of buried soils on lake-plains and glacial headlands along Lake Michigan's eastern shore suggest that periodic dune-building has occurred there after relatively long (≥100 yr) periods of low sand supply. We located, described, and radiocarbon dated 75 such buried soils that crop out in 32 coastal dune fields beside...
Ruby and sapphire from Jegdalek, Afghanistan
G.W. Bowersox, E.E. Foord, B.M. Laurs, J.E. Shigley, C.P. Smith
2000, Gems and Gemology (36) 110-126
This study provides detailed mining and gemological information on the Jegdalek deposit, in east-central Afghanistan, which is hosted by elongate beds of corundum-bearing marble. Some facet-grade ruby has been recovered, but most of the material consists of semitransparent pink sapphire of cabochon or carving quality. The most common internal features...
Upper plate contraction north of the migrating Mendocino triple junction northern California: Implications for partitioning of strain
P.A. McCrory
2000, Tectonics (19) 1144-1160
Geologic measurement of permanent contraction across the Cascadia subduction margin constrains one component of the tectonic deformation along the convergent plate boundary, the component critical for the seismic hazard assessment of crustal faults. A comprehensive survey of active faults in onshore subduction margin rocks at the southern end of the...
Paleogene strata of the Eastern Los Angeles basin, California: Paleogeography and constraints on neogene structural evolution
T. H. McCulloh, L. A. Beyer, R.J. Enrico
2000, Geological Society of America Bulletin (112) 1155-1178
Post-Paleogene dextral slip of 8–9 km is demonstrated for the southeastern part of the Whittier fault zone in the eastern Los Angeles basin area of southern California. A linear axis of greatest thickness for the combined upper Paleocene and lower to lower-middle Eocene clastic formations intersects the fault zone and...
Habitat conservation and creation: Invoking the flood-pulse concept to enhance fisheries in the lower Mississippi River
H.L. Schramm Jr., M.A. Eggleton, R.M. Mayo
2000, Conference Paper, Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii
Analysis of four years of growth data failed to identify a single temperature or hydrologic variable that consistently accounted for variation in annual growth of catfishes (Ictaluridae). Instead, a composite variable that measured duration of floodplain inundation when water temperature exceeded minima for active feeding was directly related to growth....
Fractionation of selenium isotopes during bacterial respiratory reduction of selenium oxyanions
M.J. Herbel, T.M. Johnson, R.S. Oremland, T.D. Bullen
2000, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (64) 3701-3709
Reduction of selenium oxyanions by microorganisms is an important process in the biogeochemical cycling of selenium. Numerous bacteria can reduce Se oxyanions, which are used as electron acceptors during the oxidation of organic matter in anoxic environments. In this study, we used a double...
Composition of fish communities in relation to stream acidification and habitat in the Neversink River, New York
Barry P. Baldigo, G.B. Lawrence
2000, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (129) 60-76
The effects of acidification in lotic systems are not well documented. Spatial and temporal variability of habitat and water quality complicate the evaluation of acidification effects in streams and rivers. The Neversink River in the Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York, the tributaries of which vary from well buffered to...
Updated population metadata for United States historical climatology network stations
T.W. Owen, K. P. Gallo
2000, Journal of Climate (13) 4028-4033
The United States Historical Climatology Network (HCN) serial temperature dataset is comprised of 1221 high-quality, long-term climate observing stations. The HCN dataset is available in several versions, one of which includes population-based temperature modifications to adjust urban temperatures for the "heat-island" effect. Unfortunately, the decennial population metadata file is not...
January 30, 1997 eruptive event on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, as monitored by continuous GPS
S. Owen, P. Segall, M. Lisowski, Asta Mikijus, M. Murray, M. Bevis, J. Foster
2000, Geophysical Research Letters (27) 2757-2760
A continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) network on Kilauea Volcano captured the most recent fissure eruption in Kilauea's East Rift Zone (ERZ) in unprecedented spatial and temporal detail. The short eruption drained the lava pond at Pu'u O' o, leading to a two month long pause in its on-going eruption....
Studies in neotropical paleobotany. XIV. A palynoflora from the middle Eocene Saramaguacán formation of Cuba
A. Graham, D. Cozadd, A. Areces-Mallea, N. O. Frederiksen
2000, American Journal of Botany (87) 1526-1539
An assemblage of 46 fossil pollen and spore types is described from a core drilled through the middle Eocene Saramaguacán Formation, Camagüey Province, eastern Cuba. Many of the specimens represent unidentified or extinct taxa but several can be identified to family (Palmae, Bombacaceae, Gramineae, Moraceae, Myrtaceae) and some to genus...
Predicting the physical effects of relocating Boston's sewage outfall
R. P. Signell, H. L. Jenter, A.F. Blumberg
2000, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (50) 59-72
Boston is scheduled to cease discharge of sewage effluent in Boston Harbor in Spring 2000 and begin discharge at a site 14 km offshore in Massachusetts Bay in a water depth of about 30 m. The effects of this outfall relocation on effluent dilution, salinity and circulation are predicted with...
Mobilization of major inorganic ions during experimental diagenesis of characterized peats
A.M. Bailey, A.D. Cohen, W. H. Orem, J.H. Blackson
2000, Chemical Geology (166) 287-300
Laboratory experiments were undertaken to study changes in concentrations of major inorganic ions during simulated burial of peats to about 1.5 km. Cladium, Rhizophora, and Cyrilla peats were first analyzed to determine cation distributions among fractions of the initial materials and minerals in residues from wet oxidation. Subsamples of the...
Considerations involved with the use of semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring environmental contaminants
J. D. Petty, C.E. Orazio, J.N. Huckins, R.W. Gale, J.A. Lebo, J.C. Meadows, K. R. Echols, W.L. Cranor
2000, Journal of Chromatography A (879) 83-95
Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) are used with increasing frequency, and throughout the world as samplers of organic contaminants. The devices can be used to detect a variety of lipophilic chemicals in water, sediment/soil, and air. SPMDs are designed to sample nonpolar, hydrophobic chemicals. The maximum concentration factor achievable for a...
Regional Crustal Structures and Their Relationship to the Distribution of Ore Deposits in the Western United States, Based on Magnetic and Gravity Data
T.G. Hildenbrand, B. Berger, R.C. Jachens, S. Ludington
2000, Economic Geology (95) 1583-1603
Upgraded gravity and magnetic databases and associated filtered-anomaly maps of western United States define regional crustal fractures or faults that may have guided the emplacement of plutonic rocks and large metallic ore deposits. Fractures, igneous intrusions, and hydrothermal circulation tend to be localized along boundaries of crustal blocks, with geophysical...
A crustal model of the ultrahigh-pressure Dabie Shan orogenic belt, China, derived from deep seismic refraction profiling
Chun-Yong Wang, Rong-Sheng Zeng, Walter D. Mooney, B. R. Hacker
2000, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (105) 10857-10869
We present a new crustal cross section through the east-west trending ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) Dabie Shan orogenic belt, east central China, based on a 400-km-long seismic refraction profile. Data from our profile reveal that the cratonal blocks north and south of the orogen are composed of 35-km-thick crust consisting of three...
Using submarine lava pillars to record mid-ocean ridge eruption dynamics
Tracy Gregg, Daniel J. Fornari, Michael R. Perfit, W. Ian Ridley, Mark D. Kurz
2000, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (178) 195-214
Submarine lava pillars are hollow, glass-lined, basaltic cylinders that occur at the axis of the mid-ocean ridge, and within the summit calderas of some seamounts. Typically, pillars are ~1-20 m tall and 0.25-2.0 m in diameter, with subhorizontal to horizontal glassy selvages on their exterior walls. Lava pillars form gradually...
Drainage-basis-scale geomorphic analysis to determine refernce conditions for ecologic restoration-Kissimmee River, Florida
A.G. Warne, L.A. Toth, W.A. White
2000, Geological Society of America Bulletin (112) 884-899
Major controls on the retention, distribution, and discharge of surface water in the historic (precanal) Kissimmee drainage basin and river were investigated to determine reference conditions for ecosystem restoration. Precanal Kissimmee drainage-basin hydrology was largely controlled by landforms derived from relict, coastal ridge, lagoon, and shallow-shelf features; widespread carbonate solution...
Temporal and spectral characteristics of seismicity observed at Popocatepetl volcano, central Mexico
A. Arciniega-Ceballos, C. Valdes-Gonzalez, P. Dawson
2000, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (102) 207-216
Popocatepetl volcano entered an eruptive phase from December 21, 1994 to March 30, 1995, which was characterized by ash and fumarolic emissions. During this eruptive episode, the observed seismicity consisted of volcano-tectonic (VT) events, long-period (LP) events and sustained tremor. Before the initial eruption on December 21, VT seismicity exhibited...
