Applications of the 190Pt-186Os isotope system to geochemistry and cosmochemistry
R.J. Walker, J. W. Morgan, E.S. Beary, M.I. Smoliar, G.K. Czamanske, M.F. Horan
1997, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (61) 4799-4807
Platinum is fractionated from osmium primarily as a consequence of processes involving sulfide and metal crystallization. Consequently, the 190Pt186Os isotope system (190Pt → 186Os + α) shows promise for dating some types of magmatic sulfide ores and evolved iron meteorites. The first 190Pt 186Os isochrons are presented here for ores from the ca. 251...
Modeling saltwater upconing in a freshwater aquifer in south-central Kansas
T.-S. Ma, M. Sophocleous, Y.-S. Yu, R. W. Buddemeier
1997, Journal of Hydrology (201) 120-137
The Great Bend Prairie freshwater alluvial aquifer in south-central Kansas overlies a bedrock brine aquifer of Permian age. The continuous extraction of freshwater mainly for irrigation in this area has accelerated the upward movement of the saltwater, resulting in the deterioration of water quality. Predicting saltwater upconing is critical for...
Bulk-friction modeling of afterslip and the modified Omori law
Leif Wennerberg, Robert V. Sharp
1997, Tectonophysics (277) 109-136
Afterslip data from the Superstition Hills fault in southern California, a creep event on the same fault, the modified Omori law, and cumulative moments from aftershocks of the 1957 Aleutian Islands earthquake all indicate that the original formulation by Dieterich (1981) [Constitutive properties of faults with simulated gouge. AGU, Geophys....
A reconnaissance study of oxygen, hydrogen and strontium isotopes in geochemically diverse lakes, Western Nebraska, USA
D.C. Gosselin, P.E. Nabelek, Z. E. Peterman, S. Sibray
1997, Journal of Paleolimnology (17) 51-65
Reconnaissance ??18O,, ??D, and ??87Sr data for fifteen lakes in the Western Lakes Region of the Sand Hills of Nebraska indicate dynamic hydrologic systems. The rather narrow range of ??87Sr from lake water (1.1 to 2.1) and groundwater (0.9 to 1.7) indicates that the groundwater is generally unradiogenic. Groundwater residence...
Inflation of Long Valley caldera, California, Basin and Range strain, and possible Mono Craters dike opening from 1990-94 GPS surveys
G.A. Marshall, J. Langbein, R.S. Stein, M. Lisowski, J. Svarc
1997, Geophysical Research Letters (24) 1003-1006
Five years of annual Global Positioning System (GPS) surveys of a network centered on Long Valley, California, constrain displacement rates for these stations relative to a central station in the network. These observations are consistent with recent models of resurgent dome inflation in Long Valley (Langbein...
Distribution of black-tailed jackrabbit habitat determined by GIS in southwestern Idaho
Steven T. Knick, D.L. Dyer
1997, Journal of Wildlife Management (61) 75-85
We developed a multivariate description of black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) habitat associations from Geographical Information Systems (GIS) signatures surrounding known jackrabbit locations in the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area (NCA), in southwestern Idaho. Habitat associations were determined for characteristics within a 1-km radius (approx home range size)...
The urban atmosphere as a non-point source for the transport of MTBE and other volatile organic compounds (VOCS) to shallow groundwater
J. F. Pankow, N.R. Thomson, Richard L. Johnson, A. L. Baehr, J.S. Zogorski
1997, Environmental Science & Technology (31) 2821-2828
Infiltration and dispersion (including molecular diffusion) can transport volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from urban air into shallow groundwater. The gasoline additive methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is of special interest because of its (1) current levels in some urban air, (2) strong partitioning from air into water, (3) resistance to degradation, (4)...
Geochemistry of oceanic igneous rocks - Ridges, islands, and arcs - With emphasis on manganese, scandium, and vanadium
B. R. Doe
1997, International Geology Review (39) 1053-1112
A database on a number of elements in oceanic volcanic rocks is presented, including the principal major-element oxides-SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3(T), MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, and P2O5 (where T refers to total iron)–and the trace elements–Ba, Ce, Cr, Cu, Ni, Sc, Sr, V, Pb (mainly by isotope...
Habitat use by nesting and brood rearing northern pintails on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska
J. Barry Grand, Paul L. Flint, Patricia J. Heglund
1997, Journal of Wildlife Management (61) 1199-1207
We studied habitat use by nesting and brood-rearing northern pintails (Anas acuta) on the coastal Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta, 1991-93. We used a digital habitat map constructed from color infrared aerial photos to assign habitat types to nest and brood locations and estimate habitat availability. Sixty-nine percent of females nested on...
Adaptation of a stage-projection model for species with multiple year reproductive cycles
James R. Gilbert, Mark S. Udevitz
1997, Ecological Modelling (97) 47-57
We apply stage projection matrices to multiple age and reproductive categories, deriving the stable age - reproductive category distribution for populations with multi-year reproductive cycles and identifying conditions for the existence of a dominant latent root. Given the stable distribution of age and reproductive category and the number of female...
Winter activity patterns of American martens (Martes americana): Rejection of the hypothesis of thermal-cost minimization
Gary S. Drew, John A. Bissonette
1997, Canadian Journal of Zoology (75) 812-816
Despite their temperate to subarctic geographic range, American martens (Martes americana) possess a thermally inefficient morphology. The lack of morphological adaptations for reducing thermal costs suggests that marten may use behavioral strategies to optimize thermal budgets. During the winters of 1989–1990 and 1990–1991, we radio-collared and monitored the diel activity...
Acute toxicity of fire-retardant and foam-suppressant chemicals to yalella azteca (Saussure)
Susan F. McDonald, Steven J. Hamilton, Kevin J. Buhl, James F. Heisinger
1997, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (16) 1370-1376
Acute toxicity tests were conducted with Hyalella azteca Saussure (an amphipod) exposed in soft and hard waters to three fire retardants (Fire-Trol GTS-R, Fire-Trol LCG-R, and Phos-Chek D75-F) and two foam suppressants (Phos-Chek WD-881 and Silv-Ex). The chemicals were slightly to moderately toxic to amphipods. The most toxic chemical to...
Field-scale tests for determining mixing patterns associated with coarse-bubble air diffuser configurations, Egan Quarry, Illinois
Nancy J. Hornewer, G.P. Johnson, Dale M. Robertson, Miki Hondzo
1997, Conference Paper, Proceedings, Congress of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, IAHR
The U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Chicago District did field-scale tests in August-September 1996 to determine mixing patterns associated with different configurations of coarse-bubble air diffusers. The tests were done in an approximately 13-meter deep quarry near Chicago, Ill. Three-dimensional velocity, water-temperature, dissolved...
A simulation study of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the Unionid mussels
Hooi-Ling Lee, D.L. DeAngelis
1997, Ecological Modelling (95) 171-180
Abstract not supplied at this time...
Effects of carbon dioxide variations in the unsaturated zone on water chemistry in a glacial-outwash aquifer
R. W. Lee
1997, Applied Geochemistry (12) 347-366
The research site at Otis Air Base, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, has been developed for hydrogeological and geochemical studies of sewage-effluent contaminated groundwater since 1982. Research of hydrologic properties, transport, and chemical and biological processes is ongoing, but the origin of background water chemistry has not been determined. The principal geochemical...
Hazard evaluation of inorganics, singly and in mixtures, to Flannelmouth Sucker Catostomus latipinnis in the San Juan River, New Mexico
S. J. Hamilton, K.J. Buhl
1997, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (38) 296-308
Larval flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis) were exposed to arsenate, boron, copper, molybdenum, selenate, selenite, uranium, vanadium, and zinc singly, and to five mixtures of five to nine inorganics. The exposures were conducted in reconstituted water representative of the San Juan River near Shiprock, New Mexico. The mixtures simulated environmental ratios...
Land subsidence caused by the East Mesa geothermal field, California, observed using SAR interferometry
D. Massonnet, T. Holzer, H. Vadon
1997, Geophysical Research Letters (24) 901-904
Interferometric combination of pairs of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired by the ERS-1 satellite maps the deformation field associated with the activity of the East Mesa geothermal plant, located in southern California. SAR interferometry is applied to this flat area without the need of a...
Hydrochemical evolution of sodium-sulfate and sodium-chloride groundwater beneath the Northern Chihuahuan Desert, Trans-Pecos, Texas, USA
R.S. Fisher, W. F. Mullican III
1997, Hydrogeology Journal (5) 4-16
Groundwater beneath the northern Chihuahuan Desert, Trans-Pecos, Texas, USA, occurs in both carbonate and siliciclastic aquifers beneath a thick unsaturated zone in shallow Rio Grande alluvium. Groundwater hydrochemical evolution was investigated by analyzing soils, soils leachates, bolson-fill sediments, water from the unsaturated zone, and groundwater from...
Mercury accumulation in Devils Lake, North Dakota effects of environmental variation in closed-basin lakes on mercury chronologies
R.M. Lent, C. R. Alexander
1997, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (98) 275-296
Sediment cores were collected from lakes in the Devils Lake Basin in North Dakota to determine if mercury (Hg) accumulation chronologies from sediment-core data are good indicators of variations in Hg accumulation rates in saline lakes. Sediment cores from Creel Bay and Main Bay, Devils Lake were selected for detailed...
Estimating millet production for famine early warning: An application of crop simulation modelling using satellite and ground-based data in Burkina Faso
P. K. Thornton, W. T. Bowen, A. C. Ravelo, P. W. Wilkens, G. Farmer, J. Brock, J. E. Brink
1997, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (83) 95-112
Early warning of impending poor crop harvests in highly variable environments can allow policy makers the time they need to take appropriate action to ameliorate the effects of regional food shortages on vulnerable rural and urban populations. Crop production estimates for the current season can be obtained using crop simulation...
Interactive effects of prey and weather on golden eagle reproduction
Karen Steenhof, Michael N. Kochert, T. L. McDonald
1997, Journal of Animal Ecology (66) 350-362
1. The reproduction of the golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos was studied in southwestern Idaho for 23 years, and the relationship between eagle reproduction and jackrabbit Lepus californicus abundance, weather factors, and their interactions, was modelled using general linear models. Backward elimination procedures were used to arrive at parsimonious models.2. The...
Effect of wave-enhanced bottom friction on storm-driven circulation in Massachusetts Bay
R. P. Signell, J. H. List
1997, Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering (123) 233-239
Massachusetts Bay is a shallow (35 m average depth) semienclosed embayment, roughly 100 ?? 50 km, which opens into the Gulf of Maine at its eastern boundary. Surface waves associated with winter storm winds from the northeast cause large sediment resuspension events, and wave and circulation fields during these events...
The roles of time and displacement in velocity-dependent volumetric strain of fault zones
N.M. Beeler, T.E. Tullis
1997, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (102) 22595-22609
The relationship between measured friction μA and volumetric strain during frictional sliding was determined using a rate and state variable dependent friction constitutive equation, a common work balance relating friction and volume change, and two types of experimental faults: initially bare surfaces of Westerly granite and rock surfaces separated by...
Case study modeling of turbulent and mesoscale fluxes over the BOREAS region
P.L. Vidale, R.A. Pielke Sr., L. T. Steyaert, A. Barr
1997, Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres (102) 29167-29188
Results from aircraft and surface observations provided evidence for the existence of mesoscale circulations over the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) domain. Using an integrated approach that included the use of analytical modeling, numerical modeling, and data analysis, we have found that there are substantial contributions to the total budgets of...
Regional landslide-hazard evaluation using landslide slopes, Western Wasatch County, Utah
M.D. Hylland, Mark Lowe
1997, Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (3) 31-43
Landsliding has historically been one of the most damaging geologic hazards in western Wasatch County, Utah. Accordingly, we mapped and analyzed landslides (slumps and debris slides) in the area to provide an empirical basis for regional landslide-hazard evaluation. The 336 landslides in the...
