Hydrous pyrolysis of crude oil in gold-plated reactors
J.A. Curiale, P.D. Lundegard, Y.K. Kharaka
1992, Organic Geochemistry (18) 745-756
Crude oils from Iraq and California have been pyrolyzed under hydrous conditions at 200 and 300°C for time periods up to 210 days, in gold-plated reactors. Elemental (vanadium, nickel), stable isotopic (carbon), and molecular (n-alkanes, acyclic isoprenoids, steranes, terpanes and aromatic steroid hydrocarbons) analyses were made on the original and...
Seismic excitation by space shuttles
H. Kanamori, J. Mori, B. Sturtevant, D.L. Anderson, T. Heaton
1992, Shock Waves (2) 89-96
Shock waves generated by the space shuttles Columbia (August 13, 1989), Atlantis (April 11, 1991) and Discovery (September 18, 1991) on their return to Edwards Air Force Base, California, were recorded by TERRAscope (Caltech's broadband seismic network), the Caltech-U.S.G.S Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN), and the University of Southern California...
The new camera calibration system at the US Geological Survey
D.L. Light
1992, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (58) 185-188
Modern computerized photogrammetric instruments are capable of utilizing both radial and decentering camera calibration parameters which can increase plotting accuracy over that of older analog instrumentation technology from previous decades. Also, recent design improvements in aerial cameras have minimized distortions and increased the resolving power of camera systems, which should...
A revised configuration of the southern California uplift
R. O. Castle, T.D. Gilmore
1992, Geological Society of America Bulletin (104) 1577-1591
Recently recovered archival leveling data from southwestern Arizona and adjacent parts of California compel major revisions in the configuration and interpretation of the southern California uplift, both at its culmination and following its partial collapse. Re-examination of the older vertical-control record indicates that...
Residence times in river basins as determined by analysis of long-term tritium records
R. L. Michel
1992, Journal of Hydrology (130) 367-378
The US Geological Survey has maintained a network of stations to collect samples for the measurement of tritium concentrations in precipitation and streamflow since the early 1960s. Tritium data from outflow waters of river basins draining 4500–75000 km2 are used to determine average residence times of water within the basins. The...
Groundwater flow, velocity, and age in a thick, fine-grained till unit in southeastern Wisconsin
W.W. Simpkins, K. R. Bradbury
1992, Journal of Hydrology (132) 283-319
Piezometer nests were installed at study sites in each of five north-south-trending end moraines of the late Pleistocene Oak Creek Formation in southeastern Wisconsin. The formation is composed primarily of a fine-grained glacial diamicton (till) and laterally continuous and discontinuous, coarse-grained lake and meltwater stream sediment. It overlies the Silurian...
Water quality changes and their relation to fishery resources in the upper Mississippi River
L. E. Holland Bartels
C.D. Becker, D.A. Neitzel, editor(s)
1992, Book chapter, Water quality in North American river systems
Despite a long history of human manipulation, the most dramatic changes in the upper Mississippi River occurred in the 1930s with construction of a lock and dam system to facilitate the commercial transport of commodities. In 1988, barge traffic through the system ranged from 7,500 tows per year at Lock...
Geochemical heterogeneity in a sand and gravel aquifer: Effect of sediment mineralogy and particle size on the sorption of chlorobenzenes
Larry B. Barber II, E. Michael Thurman, Donald D. Runnells
1992, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (9) 35-54
The effect of particle size, mineralogy and sediment organic carbon (SOC) on sorption of tetrachlorobenzene and pentachlorobenzene was evaluated using batch-isotherm experiments on sediment particle-size and mineralogical fractions from a sand and gravel aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Concentration of SOC and sorption of chlorobenzenes increase with decreasing particle size. For...
Debris flow rheology: Experimental analysis of fine-grained slurries
Jon J. Major, Thomas C. Pierson
1992, Water Resources Research (28) 841-857
The rheology of slurries consisting of ≤2-mm sediment from a natural debris flow deposit was measured using a wide-gap concentric-cylinder viscometer. The influence of sediment concentration and size and distribution of grains on the bulk rheological behavior of the slurries was evaluated at concentrations ranging from 0.44 to 0.66. The...
Immunostimulants, adjuvants, and vaccine carriers in fish: Applications to aquaculture
Douglas P. Anderson
1992, Annual Review of Fish Diseases (2) 281-307
Use of immunostimulants, adjuvants, and vaccine carriers in fish culture offers a wide range of attractive methods for inducing and building up protection against diseases. Immunostimulants and adjuvants can be administered before, with, or after vaccines to amplify the specific immune response generating elevations of circulating antibody titers and...
Remote sensing of water clarity and suspended sediments in coastal waters
R. P. Stumpf
1992, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Processing of data for estimation of suspended sediment concentrations and water clarity in turbid coastal water requires three components: (1) correction of raw data to water reflectance; (2) establishment of appropriate general models relating reflectance characteristics to materials in the water; and (3) determination of the coefficients of the models...
Electromagnetic methods for mapping freshwater lenses on Micronesian atoll islands
S. S. Anthony
1992, Journal of Hydrology (137) 99-111
The overall shape of freshwater lenses can be determined by applying electromagnetic methods and inverse layered-earth modeling to the mapping of atoll island freshwater lenses. Conductivity profiles were run across the width of the inhabited islands at Mwoakilloa, Pingelap, and Sapwuahfik atolls of the Pohnpei State, Federated States...
Effects of urban storm-runoff control on ground-water recharge in Nassau County, New York
Henry Ku, Nathan Hagelin, Herbert Buxton
1992, Groundwater (30) 507-514
Before urban development, most ground-water recharge on Long Island, New York, occurred during the dormant season, when evapotranspiration is low. The use of recharge basins for collection and disposal of urban storm runoff in Nassau County has enabled ground-water recharge to occur also during the...
Effect of sea-level variation on upper-slope depositional processes offshore of Tiber delta, Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy
F.L. Chiocci, W. R. Normark
1992, Marine Geology (104) 109-122
The upper slope and outer shelf in front of the Tiber River mouth (east-central Tyrrhenian Sea) exhibits a series of about 15 gullies that are not clearly related to present-day erosional or depositional processes. An extensive, high-resolution, seismic-reflection profiling survey of...
Study of salt transport processes in Delaware Bay
Roy Walters
1992, Conference Paper
The study described here is a subset of a broader climate-related study, and is focused primarily on salinity intrusion into Delaware Bay and River. Given changes in freshwater discharge into the Delaware River as determined from the larger study, and given probable sea level rise estimates, the purpose here is...
Distribution and characteristics of metamorphic belts in the south-eastern Alaska part of the North American Cordillera
D. A. Brew, G. R. Himmelberg, R. A. Loney, A. B. Ford
1992, Journal of Metamorphic Geology (10) 465-482
The Cordilleran orogen in south-eastern Alaska includes 14 distinct metamorphic belts that make up three major metamorphic complexes, from east to west: the Coast plutonic–metamorphic complex in the Coast Mountains; the Glacier Bay–Chichagof plutonic–metamorphic complex in the central part of the Alexander Archipelago; and the Chugach plutonic–metamorphic complex in the...
Evaluation of models proposed for the 1991 revision of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field
N.W. Peddie
1992, Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity (44) 793-803
The 1991 revision of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) comprises a definitive main-field model for 1985.0, amain-field model for 1990.0, and a forecast secular-variation model for the period 1990-1995. The five 1985.0 main-field models and five 1990.0 main-field models that were proposed have been evaluated by comparing...
Compositional gradients in large reservoirs of silicic magma as evidenced by ignimbrites versus Taylor Creek Rhyolite lava domes
W. A. Duffield, J. Ruiz
1992, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (110) 192-210
The Taylor Creek Rhyolite of southwest New Mexico consists of 20 lava domes and flows that were emplaced during a period of a few thousand years or less in late Oligocene time. Including genetically associated pyroclastic deposits, which are about as voluminous as the lava domes and flows, the Taylor...
Geochemical evolution of Jurassic diorites from the Bristol Lake region, California, USA, and the role of assimilation
E.D. Young, J. L. Wooden, Y.-N. Shieh, D. Farber
1992, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (110) 68-86
Late Jurassic dioritic plutons from the Bristol Lake region of the eastern Mojave Desert share several geochemical attributes with high-alumina basalts, continental hawaiite basalts, and high-K are andesites including: high K2O concentrations; high Al2O3 (16-19 weight %); elevated Zr/TiO2; LREE (light-rare-earth-element) enrichment (La/YbCN=6.3-13.3); and high Nb. Pearce element ratio analysis...
Speciation in experimental C-O-H fluids produced by the thermal dissociation of oxalic acid dihydrate
VI G.B. Morgan, I.-M. Chou, J. D. Pasteris
1992, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (56) 281-294
Fluid speciations and their related reaction pathways were studied in C-O-H-system fluids produced by the thermal dissociation of oxalic acid dihydrate (OAD: H2C2O4 · 2H2O) sealed in silica glass capsules. Experiments were conducted in the temperature range 230–750°C, with bulk fluid densities in the range 0.01–0.53 g/cm3. Pressure was controlled by...
Late Quaternary environments in Ruby Valley, Nevada
R.S. Thompson
1992, Quaternary Research (37) 1-15
Palynological data from sediment cores from the Ruby Marshes provide a record of environmental and climatic changes over the last 40,000 yr. The modern marsh waters are fresh, but no deeper than ???3 m. A shallow saline lake occupied this basin during the middle Wisconsin, followed by fresh and perhaps...
Differentiation and magma mixing on Kilauea's east rift zone - A further look at the eruptions of 1955 and 1960. Part I. The late 1955 lavas
Rosalind Tuthill Helz, T. L. Wright
1992, Bulletin of Volcanology (54) 361-384
The lavas of the 1955 east rift eruption of Kilauea Volcano have been the object of considerable petrologic interest for two reasons. First, the early 1955 lavas are among the most differentiated ever erupted at Kilauea, and second, the petrographic character and chemical composition of the lava being erupted changed...
Desk-top model buildings for dynamic earthquake response demonstrations
A. Gerald Brady
1992, Conference Paper, NIST Special Publication
Models of buildings that illustrate dynamic resonance behavior when excited by hand are designed and built. Two types of buildings are considered, one with columns stronger than floors, the other with columns weaker than floors. Combinations and variations of these two types are possible. Floor masses and column stiffnesses are...
Small scale heterogeneity of Phanerozoic lower crust: evidence from isotopic and geochemical systematics of mid-Cretaceous granulite gneisses, San Gabriel Mountains, southern California
A. P. Barth, J. L. Wooden, D. J. May
1992, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (109) 394-407
An elongate belt of mid-Cretaceous, compositionally banded gneisses and granulites is exposed in Cucamonga terrane, in the southeastern foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains of southern California. Banded gneisses include mafic granulites of two geochemical types: type 1 rocks are similar to high Al arc basalts and andesites but have...
Methodology for rapid assessment of the radon potential of soils
G.M. Reimer
1992, Conference Paper, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
A technique using a small diameter probe and a portable alpha-particle scintillometer for sample collection and analysis has been developed. It is fast, efficient, cost-effective, and can be modified to accommodate a wide spectrum of sampling conditions. When soil-gas sampling for radon is combined with geophysical gamma-ray measurements, pedological characteristics...
