Geographic information system/watershed model interface
Gary T. Fisher
1989, Conference Paper
Geographic information systems allow for the interactive analysis of spatial data related to water-resources investigations. A conceptual design for an interface between a geographic information system and a watershed model includes functions for the estimation of model parameter values. Design criteria include ease of use, minimal equipment requirements, a generic...
Morphology and stratigraphy of small barrier-lagoon systems in Maine
W. Duffy, D. F. Belknap, J. T. Kelley
1989, Marine Geology (88) 243-262
The coast of Maine contains over 200 individual barrier-lagoon systems, most quite small, with an aggregate length of nearly 100 km. Although they represent less than 5% of the tidally influenced coastline of Maine, they are widely distributed and occur in...
Origin of Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic systematics in high-Sr basalts from central Arizona
J.H. Wittke, D. Smith, J. L. Wooden
1989, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (101) 57-68
Alkalic and tholeiitic basalts were erupted in the central Arizona Transition Zone during Miocene-Pliocene time before and after regional faulting. The alkalic lava types differ from the subalkaline lavas in Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic ratios and trace element ratios and, despite close temporal and spatial relationships, the two types...
Extraction of terrain features from digital elevation models
Curtis V. Price, David M. Wolock, Mark A. Ayers
1989, Conference Paper
Digital elevation models (DEMs) are being used to determine variable inputs for hydrologic models in the Delaware River basin. Recently developed software for analysis of DEMs has been applied to watershed and streamline delineation. The results compare favorably with similar delineations taken from topographic maps. Additionally, output from this software...
Assessing the validity of the channel model of fracture aperture under field conditions
Allen M. Shapiro, James R. Nicholas
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 817-828
In recent investigations of fluid and solute movement in discrete fractures, spatial heterogeneity of the fracture aperture has been conceptualized as a series of noninterconnecting constant aperture flow paths, or channels. Two methods of estimating the distribution of the aperture sizes are presented using information from a single-hole pumping test...
Paleogeothermal gradients and timing of oil generation in the Belden Formation, Eagle Basin, northwestern Colorado
V. F. Nuccio, S. Y. Johnson, Christopher J. Schenk
1989, Mountain Geologist (26) 31-41
Paleogeothermal gradients and timing of oil generation for the Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian Belden Formation have been estimated for four locations in the Eagle Basin of northwestern Colorado, by comparing measured vitrinite reflectance with maturity modeling. Two thermal models were made for each location: one assumes a constant paleogeothermal gradient...
Influence of coupling of sorption and photosynthetic processes on trace element cycles in natural waters
C. C. Fuller, J.A. Davis
1989, Nature (340) 52-57
Chemical and biological processes have important roles in the transport and cycling of trace elements in natural waters, but their complex interactions are often not well understood. Trace-element concentrations may, for example, be controlled by adsorption-desorption reactions at mineral surfaces, with the equilibrium strongly influenced by pH. Variations in pH...
Hydrologic effects of climate change in the Delaware River basin
Gregory J. McCabe, Mark A. Ayers
1989, Water Resources Bulletin (25) 1231-1242
The Thornthwaite water balance and combinations of temperature and precipitation changes representing climate change were used to estimate changes in seasonal soil-moisture and runoff in the Delaware River basin. Winter warming may cause a greater proportion of precipitation in the northern part of the basin to fall as rain, which...
Active faulting and deformation of the Coalinga anticline as interpreted from three-dimensional velocity structure and seismicity
D. Eberhart-Phillips
1989, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (94) 15565-15586
This work gives a clear picture of the geometry of aftershock seismicity in a large thrust earthquake. Interpretation of hypocenters and fault plane solutions, from the 1983 Coalinga, Coast Range California, earthquake sequence, in combination with the three-dimensional velocity structure shows that the active faulting beneath the fold primarily consists...
The geology, botany and chemistry of selected peat-forming environments from temperate and tropical latitudes
C. C. Cameron, J.S. Esterle, C.A. Palmer
1989, International Journal of Coal Geology (12) 105-156
Peat has been studied in several geologic settings: (1) glaciated terrain in cold temperate Maine and Minnesota, U.S.A.; (2) an island in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Maine, where sea level is rising; (3) the warm temperate U.S. Atlantic...
Distillation irrigation: A low-energy process for coupling water purification and drip irrigation
Jim Constantz
1989, Agricultural Water Management (15) 253-264
A method is proposed for combining solar distillation and drip irrigation to simultaneously desalinize water and apply this water to row crops. In this paper, the basic method is illustrated by a simple device constructed primarily of sheets of plastic, which uses solar energy to distill impaired water and apply...
The relationship of catchment topography and soil hydraulic characteristics to lake alkalinity in the northeastern United States
D.M. Wolock, G.M. Hornberger, K.J. Beven, W.G. Campbell
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 829-837
We undertook the task of determining whether base flow alkalinity of surface waters in the northeastern United States is related to indices of soil contact time and flow path partitioning that are derived from topographic and soils information. The influence of topography and soils on catchment hydrology has been incorporated...
Crystallization of accessory phases in magmas by local saturation adjacent to phenocrysts
C. R. Bacon
1989, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (53) 1055-1066
Accessory minerals commonly occur attached to or included in the major crystalline phases of felsic and some intermediate igneous rocks. Apatite is particularly common as inclusions, but Fe-Ti oxides, pyrrhotite, zircon, monazite, chevkinite and xenotime are also known from silicic rocks. Accessories may nucleate near the host crystal/ liquid interface...
Biogeography of marine podocopid Ostracodes in Micronesia
L.S. Weissleader, N.L. Gilinsky, R. M. Ross, T. M. Cronin
1989, Journal of Biogeography (16) 103-114
Shallow-water podocopic marine Ostracoda from Micronesian lagoons in the Marianas, Caroline, Marshall and Gilbert Islands in the western Pacific were analysed to establish their diversity and zoogeography within Micronesia and the taxonomic affinities with ostracodes from other tropical regions. Sixty-four bottom lagoonal sediment samples from twelve islands and atolls yielded...
Comparison of seismic waveform inversion results for the rupture history of a finite fault: Application to the 1986 North Palm Springs, California, earthquake
S. Hartzell
1989, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (94) 7515-7534
The July 8, 1986, North Palm Springs earthquake is used as a basis for comparison of several different approaches to the solution for the rupture history of a finite fault. The inversion of different waveform data is considered; both teleseismic P waveforms and local strong ground motion records. Linear parametrizations for slip...
High-precision UPb ages of metamorphic rutile: Application to the cooling history of high-grade terranes
K. Mezger, G. N. Hanson, S.R. Bohlen
1989, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (96) 106-118
Metamorphic rutiles occurring in granulite and upper amphibolite facies metapelitic rocks of the Archean Pikwitonei granulite domain (Manitoba) and the Proterozoic Adirondack terrane (New York) give concordant and near concordant UPb ages. The Pb concentrations in rutile range from 2.85 to 168 ppm, U concentrations range...
Mixing and residence times of stormwater runoff in a detection system
Edward H. Martin
1989, Conference Paper
Five tracer runs were performed on a detention pond and wetlands system to determine mixing and residence times in the system. The data indicate that at low discharges and with large amounts of storage, the pond is moderately mixed with residence times not much less than the theoretical maximum possible...
Petrology of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon
T. H. Druitt, C. R. Bacon
1989, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (101) 245-259
Evolution of the magma chamber at Mount Mazama involved repeated recharge by two types of andesite (high-Sr and low-Sr), crystal fractionation, crystal accumulation, assimilation, and magma mixing (Bacon and Druitt 1988). This paper addresses the modal compositions, textures, mineral chemistry and magmatic temperatures of (i) products of the 6845±50 BP...
A branched hydrodynamic model of the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California
F. N. Wong, R. T. Cheng
1989, Conference Paper, Proceedings, National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering
No abstract available....
Singularity spectrum of intermittent seismic tremor at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii
H. R. Shaw, B. Chouet
1989, Geophysical Research Letters (16) 195-198
Fractal singularity analysis (FSA) is used to study a 22-year record of deep seismic tremor (30–60 km depth) for regions below Kilauea Volcano on the assumption that magma transport and fracture can be treated as a system of coupled nonlinear oscillators. Tremor episodes range from 1...
Circular convection during subsurface injection of liquid waste, St. Petersburg, Florida
John J. Hickey
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 1481-1494
Injection of liquid waste into a highly transmissive, saltwater-bearing, fractured dolomite underlying the city of St. Petersburg, Florida, provided an opportunity to study density-dependent flow associated with two miscible and density-different liquids. The injection zone was 98 m thick with a radial hydraulic conductivity of 762 m/d and a vertical...
Remarkable isotopic and trace element trends in potassic through sodic Cretaceous plutons of the Yukon-Koyukuk Basin, Alaska, and the nature of the lithosphere beneath the Koyukuk terrane
Joseph G. Arth, Robert E. Criss, Clara C. Zmuda, Nora K. Foley, W. W. Patton Jr., T. P. Miller
1989, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (94) 15957-15968
During the period from 110 to 80 m.y. ago, a 450-km-long magmatic belt was active along the northern margin of Yukon-Koyukuk basin and on eastern Seward Peninsula. The plutons intruded Upper Jurassic(?) and Lower Cretaceous volcanic arc rocks and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks in Yukon-Koyukuk basin and Proterozoic and lower Paleozoic...
Accounting for intracell flow in models with emphasis on water table recharge and stream-aquifer interaction: 1. Problems and concepts
Donald G. Jorgensen, Donald C. Signor, Jeffrey L. Imes
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 669-676
Intracell flow is important in modeling cells that contain both sources and sinks. Special attention is needed if recharge through the water table is a source. One method of modeling multiple sources and sinks is to determine the net recharge per cell. For example, for a model cell containing both...
Multiobjective sampling design for parameter estimation and model discrimination in groundwater solute transport
Debra S. Knopman, Clifford I. Voss
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 2245-2258
Sampling design for site characterization studies of solute transport in porous media is formulated as a multiobjective problem. Optimal design of a sampling network is a sequential process in which the next phase of sampling is designed on the basis of all available physical knowledge of the system. Three objectives...
The structure of subtidal currents within and around Lydonia Canyon: Evidence for enhanced cross-shelf fluctuations over the mouth of the canyon
M. Noble, B. Butman
1989, Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans (94) 8091-8110
Between October 1980 and April 1981, currents were measured within Lydonia Canyon and on the adjacent shelf and slope. The amplitude of the subtidal currents over the shelf and slope ranged between 10 and 30 cm s−1, but within the canyon, they were typically smaller than 5 cm s−1. The...
