Review of magnetic and electric field effects near active faults and volcanoes in the U.S.A.
M.J.S. Johnston
1989, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (57) 47-63
Synchronized measurements of geomagnetic field have been recorded along 800 km of the San Andreas fault and in the Long Valley caldera since 1974, and during eruptions on Mount St. Helens since 1980. For shorter periods of time, continuous measurements of geoelectric field measurements have been made on Mount St....
Liquid-vapor relations for the system NaCl-H2O: Summary of the P-T- x surface from 300° to 500°C
James L. Bischoff, Kenneth S. Pitzer
1989, American Journal of Science (289) 217-248
Experimental data on the vapor-liquid equilibrium relations for the system NaCl-H2O were compiled and compared in order to provide an improved estimate of the P-T-x surface between 300° to 500°C, a range for which the system changes from subcritical to critical behavior. Data for the three-phase curve (halite + liquid...
Simulation of calcite dissolution and porosity changes in saltwater mixing zones in coastal aquifers
Ward E. Sanford, Leonard F. Konikow
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 655-667
Thermodynamic models of aqueous solutions have indicated that the mixing of seawater and calcite-saturated fresh groundwater can produce a water that is undersaturated with respect to calcite. Mixing of such waters in coastal carbonate aquifers could lead to significant amounts of limestone dissolution. The potential for such dissolution in coastal...
Identification of plant megafossils in Pennsylvanian-age coal
R.B. Winston
1989, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology (57) 265-276
Criteria are provided for identification of certain Pennsylvanian-age plant megafossils directly from coal based on their characteristic anatomical structures as documented from etched polished coal surfaces in comparison with other modes of preservation. Lepidophloios hallii periderm, Diaphorodendron periderm, an Alethopteris pinnule, and a Cordaites leaf were studied in material in...
Style of extensional tectonism during rifting, Red Sea and Gulf of Aden
R. G. Bohannon
1989, Journal of African Earth Sciences (8) 589-602
Models describing the development of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, prior to the present periods of sea-floor spreading, include those that use block faulting on steep normal faults, uniform diffuse shear in continental crust, simple shear on large detachment faults that cut the entire lithosphere, combinations involving...
The geology, botany and chemistry of selected peat-forming environments from temperate and tropical latitudes
C. C. Cameron, J.S. Esterle, C.A. Palmer
1989, International Journal of Coal Geology (12) 105-156
Peat has been studied in several geologic settings: (1) glaciated terrain in cold temperate Maine and Minnesota, U.S.A.; (2) an island in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Maine, where sea level is rising; (3) the warm temperate U.S. Atlantic...
Rice available to waterfowl in harvested fields in the Sacramento Valley, California
M. R. Miller, D.E. Sharp, D.S. Gilmer, W.R. Mulvaney
1989, California Fish and Game (75) 113-123
Rice fields in the Sacramento Valley, California were sampled in 1985 and 1986 to determine the weight of rice seed remaining in the fields immediately after harvest and again after the fields were burned. No significant differences were found between years (P>0.05). The pooled mean was 388 kg/ha in harvested...
An attempt to obtain a detailed declination chart from the United States magnetic anomaly map
L.R. Alldredge
1989, Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity (41) 549-563
Modern declination charts of the United States show almost no details. Greater detail may be of value to surveyors trying to follow old land deed descriptions, or to pilots of small planes or small pleasure boats operating in inland waterways. It would be extremely expensive to make adequate...
The role of catastrophic geomorphic events in central Appalachian landscape evolution
R. B. Jacobson, A.J. Miller, J. A. Smith
1989, Geomorphology (2) 257-284
Catastrophic geomorphic events are taken as those that are large, sudden, and rare on human timescales. In the nonglaciated, low-seismicity central Appalachians, these are dominantly floods and landslides. Evaluation of the role of catastrophic events in landscape evolution includes assessment of...
Oligocene caldera complex and calc-alkaline tuffs and lavas of the Indian Peak volcanic field, Nevada and Utah
M. G. Best, E. H. Christiansen, H. R. Blank Jr.
1989, Geological Society of America Bulletin (101) 1076-1090
The Indian Peak volcanic field is representative of the more than 50,000 km3 of ash-flow tuff and tens of calderas in the Great Basin that formed during the Oligocene-early Miocene "ignimbrite flareup" in southwestern North America. The field formed about 32 to 27 Ma in the southeastern Great Basin and consists...
Manganese oxidation model for rivers
Glen W. Hess, Byung R. Kim, Philip J.W. Roberts
1989, Water Resources Bulletin (25) 359-365
The presence of manganese in natural waters (>0.05 mg/L) degrades water-supply quality. A model was devised to predict the variation of manganese concentrations in river water released from an impoundment with the distance downstream. The model is one-dimensional and was calibrated using dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, pH, manganese, and...
The Relief Canyon gold deposit, Nevada: A mineralized solution breccia
A. R. Wallace
1989, Economic Geology (84) 279-290
The Relief Canyon gold deposit in the Humboldt Range of western Nevada is a low-grade, high-tonnage orebody of Tertiary or younger age. The host rocks include limestones of the Triassic Cane Spring Formation, which are overlain by shales of the Triassic Grass Valley Formation. The rocks were folded and metamorphosed...
Estimating constituent loads
Timothy A. Cohn, Lewis L. DeLong, Edward J. Gilroy, Robert M. Hirsch, Deborah K. Wells
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 937-942
Several recent articles have called attention to the problem of retransformation bias, which can arise when log linear regression models are used to estimate sediment or other constituent loads. In some cases the bias can lead to underestimation of constituent loads by as much as 50%, and several procedures have...
A model of channel response in disturbed alluvial channels
A. Simon
1989, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (14) 11-26
Dredging and straightening of alluvial channels between 1959 and 1978 in West Tennessee caused a series of morphologic changes along modified reaches and tributary streams. Degradation occurred for 10 to 15 years at sites upstream of the area of maximum disturbance and lowered bed-levels by as much as 6.1 m....
The campi flegrei (Italy) geothermal system: A fluid inclusion study of the mofete and San Vito fields
Vivo B. de, H. E. Belkin, M. Barbieri, W. Chelini, P. Lattanzi, A. Lima, L. Tolomeo
1989, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (36) 303-326
A fluid inclusion study of core from the Mofete 1, Mofete 2, Mofete 5, San Vito 1, and San Vito 3 geothermal wells (Campi Flegrei, Campania, Italy) indicates that the hydrothermal minerals were precipitated from aqueous fluids (??CO2) that were moderately saline (3-4 wt.% NaCl equiv.) to hypersaline (> 26...
Calorimetry of heterogeneous systems: H+ binding to TiO2 in NaCl
S.R. Mehr, D.J. Eatough, L.D. Hansen, E.A. Lewis, J.A. Davis
1989, Thermochimica Acta (154) 129-143
A simultaneous calorimetric and potentiometric technique has been developed for measuring the thermodynamics of proton binding to mineral oxides in the presence of a supporting electrolyte. Modifications made to a commercial titration calorimeter to add a combination pH electrode and maintain an inert atmosphere in the calorimeter reaction vessel are...
Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: global seismicity, 1984-1987
S.A. Sipkin, R.E. Needham
1989, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (57) 233-259
Moment-tensor solutions, estimated using optimal filter theory, are listed for 426 moderate- to large-sized earthquakes occurring from 1984 to 1987. ?? 1989....
Oxidation of aromatic contaminants coupled to microbial iron reduction
Derek R. Lovley, M.J. Baedecker, D.J. Lonergan, I.M. Cozzarelli, Elizabeth J.P. Phillips, D. I. Siegel
1989, Nature (339) 297-300
THE contamination of sub-surface water supplies with aromatic compounds is a significant environmental concern1,2. As these contaminated sub-surface environments are generally anaerobic, the microbial oxidation of aromatic compounds coupled to nitrate reduction, sulphate reduction and methane production has been studied intensively1-7. In addition, geochemical evidence suggests that Fe(III) can be...
The timing of uplift, volcanism, and rifting peripheral to the Red Sea: A case for passive rifting?
R. G. Bohannon, C. W. Naeser, D. L. Schmidt, R.A. Zimmermann
1989, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (94) 1683-1701
Prior to the formation of the Red Sea the northeastern Afro/Arabian continent had low relief and was largely below sea level from the Late Cretaceous to the early Oligocene. The events leading to the formation of the Red Sea followed the sequence (1) alkaline volcanism and rifting beginning about 30–32...
Assessment of the U-Th-Pb system in two Archean metabasalts: Deciphering the complex histories of sulphides and silicates using acid leaching methods
P. E. Smith, R.M. Farquhar, M. Tatsumoto
1989, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (53) 2051-2068
A U-Th-Pb study of Archean metabasalts from two greenstone belts in the eastern Wawa Subprovince of the Canadian shield indicated variable disturbances had occurred in both whole rock systems. Changes in the Pb content appear to predominate over loss of parent elements, and meaningful Pb isochron ages could not be...
The nature of the crust in the Yukon-Koyukuk province as inferred from the chemical and isotopic composition of five Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary volcanic fields in western Alaska
E. Moll-Stalcup, Joseph G. Arth
1989, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (94) 15989-16020
Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary volcanic and plutonic rocks in western Alaska comprise a vast magmatic province extending from the Alaska Range north to the Arctic Circle, south to Bristol Bay, and west to the Bering Sea Shelf. The chemical and isotopic composition of five of these Late Cretaceous to...
A random spatial network model based on elementary postulates
Michael R. Karlinger, Brent M. Troutman
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 793-798
A model for generating random spatial networks that is based on elementary postulates comparable to those of the random topology model is proposed. In contrast to the random topology model, this model ascribes a unique spatial specification to generated drainage networks, a distinguishing property of some network growth models. The...
Recorded seismic response of a base-isolated steel bridge carrying a steel water pipe
E. Safak, A. G. Brady
1989, Conference Paper, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Pressure Vessels and Piping Division (Publication) PVP
A set of strong motion records was obtained from the base-isolated Santa Ana River Pipeline Bridge during the magnitude 5.9 Whittier Narrows, California, earthquake of October 1, 1987. The analysis of the records show that the level of excitation was not strong enough to fully activate the base isolators. The...
Survey of three-dimensional numerical estuarine models
Ralph T. Cheng, Peter E. Smith
1989, Conference Paper
This paper surveys the existing 3-D estuarine hydrodynamic and solute transport models by a review of the commonly used assumptions and approximations, and by an examination of the methods of solution. The model formulations, methods of solution, and known applications are surveyed and summarized in tables. In conclusion, the authors...
Effect of climate change on watershed runoff
D.M. Wolock, M. A. Ayers, L.E. Hay, G. J. McCabe Jr.
1989, Conference Paper
This paper examines forecasts of changes in watershed runoff in the Delaware River basin that result from a range of predicted effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) on future precipitation, temperature, and stomatal resistance of plants. A deterministic hydrologic model, TOPMODEL, was driven with stochastic inputs of temperature and...
