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Six methods of estimating peak discharges of urban streams were compared and evaluated for applicability to urban streams in New York. Discharge and frequency values developed from a series of synthesized annual flood records were compared with values obtained from the six methods. The synthesized flood records were computed from...

The effects of storage, diversion, return flow, and meteorological variables on water temperature in the Yakima River, in Washington State, were simulated, and the changes in water temperature that could be expected under four alternative-management scenarios were examined for improvement in anadromous fish environment. A streamflow routing model and Lagrangian...

A sand and gravel aquifer about 65 feet thick underlies Wurtsmith Air Force Base in northeastern lower Michigan. The water table ranges in depth from 10 feet to 25 feet below land surface. Mathematical models indicate that ground-water flow ranges from 0.8 feet per day in the eastern part of...

Suspended-sediment samplers must sample isokinetically (at stream velocity) in order to collect representative water samples of rivers. Each sampler solo by the Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project or by the U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility has been adjusted to sample isokinetically and tested in a flume to verify the calibration....

In volume 2, seven procedures now being used for design of rock riprap installations were evaluated using data from 26 field sites. Four basic types of riprap failures were identified: Particle erosion, translational slide, modified slump, and slump. Factors associated with riprap failure include stone size , bank side slope,...

Two U.S. Geological Survey computer programs are modified and linked to predict the cumulative impact of iron and manganese oxidation in coal-mine discharge water on the dissolved chemical quality of a receiving stream. The coupled programs calculate the changes in dissolved iron, dissolved manganese, and dissolved oxygen concentrations; alkalinity; and,...

A streamflow-routing model was developed to simulate flows that could be used to evaluate stresses on the streamflow characteristics of the Kentucky River near Lexington and Frankfort. The study area was divided into four reaches, and the model simulated daily streamflows at the downstream ends of each reach. Statistical analyses...

Methods are presented for estimating peak discharges, flood volumes and hydrograph shapes of small (less than 5 sq mi) urban streams in Ohio. Examples of how to use the various regression equations and estimating techniques also are presented. Multiple-regression equations were developed for estimating peak discharges having recurrence intervals of...

A Users Manual for the Lagrangian Transport Model (LTM) is presented. The LTM uses Lagrangian calculations that are based on a reference frame moving with the river flow. The Lagrangian reference frame eliminates the need to numerically solve the convective term of the convection-diffusion equation and provides significant numerical advantages...

A one-dimensional Lagrangian transport model for simulating water-quality constituents such as temperature, dissolved oxygen , and suspended sediment in rivers is presented in this Programmers Manual. Lagrangian transport modeling techniques, the model 's subroutines, and the user-written decay-coefficient subroutine are discussed in detail. Appendices list the program codes. The Programmers...

Artificial recharge with tertiary-treated sewage is being tested at East Meadow to evaluate the physical and chemical effects on the groundwater system. The recharge facility contains 11 recharge basins and 5 injection wells and is designed to accept 4 million gallons of reclaimed water per day. Of the 11 basins,...

Shallow land burial of low-level radioactive waste has been practiced since 1951 in Melton Valley. Groundwater flow modeling was used to better understand the geohydrology of the valley, and to provide a foundation for future contaminant transport modeling. The three-dimensional, finite difference model simulates the aquifer as a two layer...

The National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) is a network of stations at which systematic and continuing water quality data are collected. Major objectives of this U.S. Geological Survey program are: (1) to depict areal variability of streamflow and water quality conditions nationwide on a year-by-year basis and (2) to...

The leeward southeast Oahu ground-water area includes the Waialae and Wailupe-Hawaii Kai aquifers. The Waialae aquifer is separated from the ground water of Kaimuki to the west by Palolo valley fill and the Kaau rift zone, and from the Wailupe-Hawaii Kai aquifer to the east by a line of northeast-trending...

Equations for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods for Wisconsin streams with drainage basins containing various amounts of existing or projected urban development were developed by flood-frequency and multiple-regression analyses. Multiple-regression techniques were used to develop equations for estimating flood frequencies at ungaged urban sites. The flood-frequency equations are based on...

Transmissivity and storativity data for the clastic sediments of the northern Coastal Plain of eastern Alabama, Georgia, and western South Carolina were compiled and evaluated. Transmissivity values ranged from less than 100 to about 35,000 ft sq/day; storativity ranged from about 0.00002 to 0.0002. Data for lower Tertiary sediments represented...

A finite-difference model of ground-water flow within stratified drift in the 14-mile reach of the Susquehanna River valley from Binghamton west to the Tioga County line (including Johnson City, Endicott, and Vestal) has been developed. Outwash is the most permeable and extensive type of stratified drift in the valley but...

In 1976 the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Georgia Department of Transportation, began a program to monitor small natural streams in Georgia to verify the accuracy of the flood frequency estimating equations for the five flood frequency regions that were published in a previous study. Data collection consisted...

In 1964 the U.S. Geological Survey in Mississippi expanded the small stream gaging network for collection of rainfall and runoff data to 92 stations. To expedite availability of flood frequency information a rainfall-runoff model using available long-term rainfall data was calibrated to synthesize flood peaks. Results obtained from observed annual...

A data storage and retrieval system has been developed to organize and preserve areal interpretive data. This system can be used by any study where there is a need to store areal interpretive data that generally is presented in map form. This system provides the capability to grid areal interpretive...

The salinity front, locally known as the "bad-water" line, in the Edwards aquifer separates the freshwater from the salinewater and occurs where the aquifer is confined. The concentration of dissolved solids of the salinewater at the salinity front is 1,000 milligrams per liter. The concentration of dissolved solids in water...

The Hydrologic Engineering Center-1 rainfall-runoff simulation model was used to assess the effects of a system of reservoirs and waterspreaders in the 550-sq mi Willow Creek Basin in northeastern Montana. For simulation purposes, the basin was subdivided into 100 subbasins containing 84 reservoirs and 14 waterspreaders. Precipitation input to the...

Once-monthly streamflow measurements were used to estimate selected percentile discharges on flow-duration curves of monthly mean discharge for 40 ungaged stream sites in the upper Yellowstone River basin in Montana. The estimation technique was a modification of the concurrent-discharge method previously described and used by H.C. Riggs to estimate annual...

Various conventional geophysical borehole measurements were made in conjunction with measurements using a recently designed, low-frequency, acoustic-waveform probe and slow velocity flowmeter for characterization of a fractured mafic intrusion in southern Ontario, Canada. Conventional geophysical measurements included temperature, caliper, gamma, acoustic, single-point resistance, and acoustic televiewer logs. Hole stability problems...