Correlations among hydrocarbon microseepage, soil chemistry, and uptake of micronutrients by plants, Bell Creek oil field, Montana
S.S. Roeming, T.J. Donovan
1985, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (23) 139-162
Chelate-extractable iron and manganese concentrations in soils over and around the Bell Creek oil field suggest that compared to low average background values, there are moderate amounts of these elements directly over the production area and higher concentrations distributed in an...
Determination of elastic wave velocity and relative hypocenter locations using refracted waves. I. Methodology
Kaye M. Shedlock, Steven W. Roecker
1985, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (75) 415-426
An arrival time difference method utilizing refracted arrivals from earthquakes in a homogeneous, layered earth model has been developed for the simultaneous determination of near-source (in situ) velocity and relative locations of earthquakes. The method is particularly applicable when analyzing data from arrays in which most of the recording stations...
EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS IN THE OFFSHORE ENVIRONMENT.
Robert A. Page, Peter W. Basham
1985, Ocean science and engineering (10) 195-352
This report discusses earthquake effects and potential hazards in the marine environment, describes and illustrates methods for the evaluation of earthquake hazards, and briefly reviews strategies for mitigating hazards. The report is broadly directed toward engineers, scientists, and others engaged in developing offshore resources. The continental shelves have become a...
The plumbotectonics of the West Shasta mining district, eastern Klamath Mountains, California
B. R. Doe, M.H. Delevaux, J. P. Albers
1985, Economic Geology (80) 2136-2148
The tectonic setting comprising the West Shasta mining district has often been compared with that of primitive island arcs. Concentrations of uranium, thorium, and lead and lead isotope compositions were determined for Devonian ores and rocks of the West Shasta district, eastern Klamath Mountains, California, to help evaluate the tectonic...
Assessment of long-term salinity changes in an irrigated stream-aquifer system
Leonard F. Konikow, Mark Person
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 1611-1624
Changes in salinity in groundwater and surface water in the Arkansas River valley of southeastern Colorado are primarily related to irrigation practices. A solute transport model was applied to an 11-mile reach of the valley to compute salinity changes in response to spatially and temporally varying stresses. The model was...
U. S. G. S. MODULAR GROUND-WATER FLOW MODEL: DESIGNED TO BE UNDERSTOOD AND ADAPTED.
Michael G. McDonald, Arlen W. Harbaugh
1985, Conference Paper
The paper discusses a carefully designed model program and its complementary complete description of all of the physical and mathematical concepts used in the model. The model program consists of a series of independent subroutines called modules. Modules are grouped by hydrologic function into 'packages. ' A report describing the...
Forecast model for moderate earthquakes near Parkfield, California
William D. Stuart, Ralph J. Archuleta, Allan Goddard Lindh
1985, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (90) 592-604
Earthquake instability models have possible application to earthquake forecasting because the models simulate both preseismic and coseismic changes of fault slip and ground deformation. In the forecast procedure proposed here, repeated measurements of preseismic fault slip and ground deformation constrain the values of model parameters. The early part of the...
Durangite from the Black Range, New Mexico, and new data on durangite from Durango and Cornwall.
E.E. Foord, M.R. Oakman, C. H. Maxwell
1985, Canadian Mineralogist (23) 241-246
Durangite, associated with cassiterite, hematite, quartz, tridymite, cristobalite and clinopyroxene, occurs in small veinlets within flows, ash-flow tuffs and lithic tuffs in a tin mine near Boiler Peak, New Mexico. It is clear to semi-translucent, pale yellow-orange to medium orange-red with a vitreous lustre, pale yellow streak; H. 5-5.5%; irregular...
Quaternary sedimentation in Shelikof Strait, Alaska
Monty A. Hampton
1985, Marine Geology (62) 213-253
Shelikof Strait, a nearly parallel-sided marine channel between the Kodiak Island group and the Alaska Peninsula, has experienced a succession of distinct sedimentary environments during Quaternary time. Pleistocene glaciers carved a deep basin into bedrock in the southwest part of the strait and a shallower platform surface with incised channels...
ROLE OF X-RAY FLUORESCENCE IN A MODERN GEOCHEMICAL LABORATORY.
Joseph E. Taggart
1985, Conference Paper, Advances in X-Ray Analysis
Because modern geochemical laboratories can seldom have all new analytical equipment, it is clear that priorities must be assigned and choices made when selecting each new instrument. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy has come to play a vital role in this environment largely because it is a dependable, multielement, rapid method...
Geochemistry and petrogenesis of lamproites, late cretaceous age, Woodson County, Kansas, U.S.A.
R.L. Cullers, S. Ramakrishnan, P. Berendsen, T. Griffin
1985, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (49) 1383-1402
Lamproite sills and their associated sedimentary and contact metamorphic rocks from Woodson County, Kansas have been analyzed for major elements, selected trace elements, and strontium isotopic composition. These lamproites, like lamproites elsewhere, are alkalic (molecular K2O + Na2OAl2O3= 1.6–2.6">K2O + Na2OAl2O3= 1.6–2.6), are ultrapotassic <span...
THEORETICAL TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINING THE CUMULATIVE IMPACT OF IRON AND MANGANESE OXIDATION IN STREAMS RECEIVING COAL-MINE DISCHARGE.
Keith E. Bobay, Konrad J. Banaszak
Graves Donald H., editor(s)
1985, Conference Paper, University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, (Bulletin) UKY BU
Two U. S. Geological Survey computer programs are modified and linked to predict the cumulative impact of iron and manganese oxidation in coal-mine discharge on the dissolved-chemical quality of a receiving stream. The coupled programs calculate the changes in dissolved-iron, dissolved-manganese, and dissolved-oxygen concentrations, and the pH of surface water...
The Dunbar Gneiss-granitoid dome: Implications for early Proterozoic tectonic evolution of northern Wisconsin
P.K. Sims, Z. E. Peterman, K. J. Schulz
1985, Geological Society of America Bulletin (96) 1101-1112
The Dunbar dome in northeastern Wisconsin is a critical structural feature in the early Proterozoic Penokean orogen. It provides exposures of gneisses (Dunbar Gneiss) that structurally underlie the voluminous metavolcanic rocks of northeastern Wisconsin, and exposures of abundant granitoid rocks ranging from tonalite...
Anomalous 13C enrichment in modern marine organic carbon
M.A. Arthur, W.E. Dean, George E. Claypool
1985, Nature (315) 216-218
Marine organic carbon is heavier isotopically (13C enriched) than most land-plant or terrestrial organic C1. Accordingly, ??13C values of organic C in modern marine sediments are routinely interpreted in terms of the relative proportions of marine and terrestrial sources of the preserved organic matter2,3. When independent geochemical techniques are used...
Investigation of selected streamflow characteristics of the Alabama River upstream from Selma, Alabama
G. H. Nelson Jr., C. O. Ming, W. L. Psinakis
1985, Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4055
Available data for floods in the vicinity of Montgomery since the late 1800 's indicate that the flood of 1886 is the highest since settlement of the area in 1814. Profiles for floods in 1948, 1961, 1976, and 1979 were defined using floodmarks and recorded peak stages at gaging stations...
MONITORING THE EARTH - TOO MANY PLAYERS?
Gene A. Thorley
1985, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Society of Photogrammetry, Annual Meeting
Remote sensing from satellites provides a unique tool to measure the parameters of the Earth on a worldwide scale. A number of organizations are currently engaged in, or proposing to embark on, worldwide measurement/monitoring programs. Program objectives vary in type and complexity, including a form of technical library and an...
Element mobility during alteration of silicic ash to kaolinite - A study of tonstein
R. A. Zielinski
1985, Sedimentology (32) 567-579
A laterally persistent kaolinitic mudstone parting (tonstein) occurring in a Wyoming coal bed of Eocene age was sampled to estimate the compositional contrast with a probable silicic ash precursor, and to determine the compositional influence of leached ash on immediately adjacent coal. With the exception of Al, and possibly Ti,...
Time scales and mechanisms of estuarine variability, a synthesis from studies of San Francisco Bay
J. E. Cloern, F.H. Nichols
1985, Hydrobiologia (129) 229-237
This review of the preceding papers suggests that temporal variability in San Francisco Bay can be characterized by four time scales (hours, days-weeks, months, years) and associated with at least four mechanisms (variations in freshwater inflow, tides, wind, and exchange with coastal waters). The best understood component of temporal variability...
Apertural features and surface texture of upper Paleogene biserial planktonic foraminifers: links between Chiloguembelina and Streptochilus.
R.Z. Poore, L.B. Gosnell
1985, Journal of Foraminiferal Research (15) 1-5
Several upper Paleogene species of Chiloguembelina have an internal apertural plate that is very similar to the internal plate typical of the Neogene genus Streptochilus. The type species of Chiloguembelina, C. midwayensis midwayensis (Cushman), however, lacks any internal apertural structure or modifications. Therefore, the following 'Chiloguembelina', which have an internal...
Strontium and oxygen isotopic variations in Mesozoic and Tertiary plutons of central Idaho
R.J. Fleck, R.E. Criss
1985, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (90) 291-308
Regional variations in initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (ri) of Mesozoic plutons in central Idaho locate the edge of Precambrian continental crust at the boundary between the late Paleozoic-Mesozoic accreted terranes and Precambrian sialic crust in western Idaho. The ri values increase abruptly but continuously from less than 0.704 in the accreted...
NUMERICAL MODELING OF FINE SEDIMENT PHYSICAL PROCESSES.
David H. Schoellhamer
1985, Conference Paper
Fine sediment in channels, rivers, estuaries, and coastal waters undergo several physical processes including flocculation, floc disruption, deposition, bed consolidation, and resuspension. This paper presents a conceptual model and reviews mathematical models of these physical processes. Several general fine sediment models that simulate some of these processes are reviewed. These...
VOLATILIZATION OF ALKYLBENZENES FROM WATER.
R. E. Rathbun, D. Y. Tai
1985, Conference Paper, National Meeting - American Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry
Volatilization is a physical process of importance in determining the fate of many organic compounds in streams and rivers. This process is frequently described by the conceptual-two-film model. The model assumes uniformly mixed water and air phases separated by thin films of water and air in which mass transfer is...
RE-EVALUATION OF THE ORIGIN AND DIAGENESIS OF BORATE DEPOSITS, DEATH VALLEY REGION, CALIFORNIA.
Charles E. Barker, James M. Barker
Barker James M.Lefond Stanley J., editor(s)
1985, Conference Paper
An understanding of the age of the major borate deposits in the Furnace Creek Formation, their origin and facies relationships, as well as their diagenetic and thermal history, are integrated to provide a geological model of borate deposition in a heliothermal, saline, perennial lake....
URBAN STORMWATER INVESTIGATIONS BY THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
Marshall E. Jennings
1985, Conference Paper
Urban stormwater hydrology studies in the U. S. Geological Survey are currently focused on compilation of national data bases containing flood-peak and short time-interval rainfall, discharge and water-quality information for urban watersheds. Current data bases, updated annually, are nationwide in scope. Supplementing the national data files are published reports of...
Why deposits of longitudinal dunes are rarely recognized in the geologic record
David M. Rubin, Ralph E. Hunter
1985, Sedimentology (32) 147-157
Dunes that are morphologically of linear type, many of which are probably of longitudinal type in a morphodynamic sense, are common in modern deserts, but their deposits are rarely identified in aeolian sandstones. One reason for non-recognition of such dunes is that they can migrate laterally when they are not...
