Erosion of the Laurentide region of North America by glacial and glaciofluvial processes
M. Bell, E.P. Laine
1985, Quaternary Research (23) 154-174
Collection of seismic reflection data from continental margins and ocean basins surrounding North America makes it possible to estimate the amount of material eroded from the area formerly covered by Laurentide ice sheets since major glaciation began in North America. A minimum estimate is made of 1.62 ?? 106 km3,...
Correlations among hydrocarbon microseepage, soil chemistry, and uptake of micronutrients by plants, Bell Creek oil field, Montana
S.S. Roeming, T.J. Donovan
1985, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (23) 139-162
Chelate-extractable iron and manganese concentrations in soils over and around the Bell Creek oil field suggest that compared to low average background values, there are moderate amounts of these elements directly over the production area and higher concentrations distributed in an...
Regional magnetotelluric surveys in hydrocarbon exploration, Parana Basin, Brazil
William D. Stanley, Antonio Roberto Saad Roberto, Walter Ohofugi
1985, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (69) 346-360
The magnetotelluric geophysical method has been used effectively as a hydrocarbon exploration tool in the intracratonic Parana basin of South America. The Parana basin has an area of about 1,200,000 km2 (463,000 mi2), extending over portions of Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, and Bolivia. The Paleozoic marine sedimentary rocks in the Parana...
The plumbotectonics of the West Shasta mining district, eastern Klamath Mountains, California
B. R. Doe, M.H. Delevaux, J. P. Albers
1985, Economic Geology (80) 2136-2148
The tectonic setting comprising the West Shasta mining district has often been compared with that of primitive island arcs. Concentrations of uranium, thorium, and lead and lead isotope compositions were determined for Devonian ores and rocks of the West Shasta district, eastern Klamath Mountains, California, to help evaluate the tectonic...
Trondhjemite and metamorphosed quartz keratophyre tuff of the Ammonoosuc volcanics (Ordovician), western New Hampshire and adjacent Vermont and Massachusetts
G. W. Leo
1985, Geological Society of America Bulletin (96) 1493-1507
The Ammonoosuc Volcanics and equivalent rocks of Ordovician age are exposed in the Oliverian domes along the Bronson Hill anti-clinorium (BHA) between northern New Hampshire and southern Connecticut. In western New Hampshire and adjacent Vermont and Massachusetts, the Ammonoosuc lithology consists of a...
Subdivision of thick sedimentary units into layers for simulation of groundwater flow
J. S. Weiss, A. K. Williamson
1985, Groundwater (23) 767-774
Subdividing thick sedimentary units into model layers based solely on stratigraphy can lead to serious violation of groundwater flow modeling restraints and produce erroneous results. Borehole geophysical data can be used to suggest relative permeabilities and delineate model layers that are more likely to have uniform hydraulic properties than layers...
Simulation of ground-water flow in southeastern Oahu, Hawaii
P. R. Eyre
1985, Groundwater (23) 325-330
On the leeward side of southeastern Oahu, Hawaii, near-vertical dikes have intruded the gently dipping and highly permeable lava flows of the Koolau mountain. These dikes bound the study area on the north and west and internally divide it into the Waialae and Wailupe-Hawaii Kai...
A quantitative analysis of the Lassen hydrothermal system, north central California
S. E. Ingebritsen, M.L. Sorey
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 853-868
Our conceptual model of the Lassen system is termed a liquid-dominated hydrothermal system with a parasitic vapor-dominated zone. The essential feature of this model is that steam and steam-heated discharge at relatively high altitudes in Lassen Volcanic National Park (LVNP) and liquid discharge with high chloride concentrations at relatively low...
Interpretation with a Donnan-based concept of the influence of simple salt concentration on the apparent binding of divalent ions to the polyelectrolytes polystyrenesulfonate and dextran sulfate
J.A. Marinsky, Robert F. Baldwin, M.M. Reddy
1985, Journal of Physical Chemistry (89) 5303-5307
It has been shown that the apparent enhancement of divalent metal ion binding to polyions such as polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) and dextran sulfate (DS) by decreasing the ionic strength of these mixed counterion systems (M2+, M+, X-, polyion) can be anticipated with the Donnan-based model developed by one of us (J.A.M.)....
Thickness of ice on perennially frozen lakes
C.P. McKay, G.D. Clow, R.A. Wharton Jr., S. W. Squyres
1985, Nature (313) 561-562
The dry valleys of southern Victoria Land, constituting the largest ice-free expanse in the Antarctic, contain numerous lakes whose perennial ice cover is the cause of some unique physical and biological properties 1-3. Although the depth, temperature and salinity of the liquid water varies considerably from lake to lake, the...
NATIONAL WATER INFORMATION SYSTEM OF THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
Melvin D. Edwards
1985, Conference Paper
National Water Information System (NWIS) has been designed as an interactive, distributed data system. It will integrate the existing, diverse data-processing systems into a common system. It will also provide easier, more flexible use as well as more convenient access and expanded computing, dissemination, and data-analysis capabilities. The NWIS is...
Carboniferous U-Pb age of the Sebago batholith, southwestern Maine: Metamorphic and tectonic implications
J.H. Aleinikoff, R. H. Moench, J.B. Lyons
1985, Geological Society of America Bulletin (96) 990-996
Two phases (pink and white granite) of the Sebago batholith of southwestern Maine have been dated by the U-Pb zircon method. Identical upper concordia intercepts of both rocks indicate an intrusive age of 325 ± 3 m.y. for the batholith. The lower intercept...
A general earthquake-observation system (GEOS)
R. D. Borcherdt, Joe B. Fletcher, E.G. Jensen, G.L. Maxwell, J.R. VanSchaack, R.E. Warrick, E. Cranswick, M.J.S. Johnston, R. McClearn
1985, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (75) 1783-1825
Microprocessor technology has permitted the development of a General Earthquake-Observation System (GEOS) useful for most seismic applications. Central-processing-unit control via robust software of system functions that are isolated on hardware modules permits field adaptability of the system to a wide variety of active and passive seismic experiments and straightforward modification...
Errors and parameter estimation in precipitation-runoff modeling: 1. Theory
Brent M. Troutman
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 1195-1213
Errors in complex conceptual precipitation-runoff models may be analyzed by placing them into a statistical framework. This amounts to treating the errors as random variables and defining the probabilistic structure of the errors. By using such a framework, a large array of techniques, many of which have been presented in...
Late Holocene vegetation changes in Greenwater Valley, Mojave Desert, California
K.L. Cole, R. H. Webb
1985, Quaternary Research (23) 227-235
Small-scale late Holocene vegetation changes were determined from a series of 13 modern and fossil packrat middens collected from a site in the Greenwater Valley, northern Mojave Desert, California. Although the site is above the modern lower limit of Coleogyne ramosissima (black-brush), macrofossils of this shrub are only present in...
Carboniferous paleogeographic, phytogeographic, and paleoclimatic reconstructions
D.B. Rowley, A. Raymond, Judith T. Parrish, A.L. Lottes, C.R. Scotese, A.M. Ziegler
1985, International Journal of Coal Geology (5) 7-42
Two revised paleogeographic reconstructions of the Visean and Westphalian C-D stages are presented based on recent paleomagnetic, phytogeographic, stratigraphic, and tectonic data. These data change the positions of some continental blocks, and allow the definition of several new ones. The most...
A policy evaluation tool: Management of a multiaquifer system using controlled stream recharge
Wesley R. Danskin, Steven M. Gorelick
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 1731-1747
A model for the optimal allocation of water resources was developed for a multiaquifer groundwater and surface water system near Livermore, California. The complex groundwater system was analyzed using a transient, quasi-three-dimensional model that considers the nonlinear behavior of the unconfined aquifer. The surface water system consists of a reservoir...
Petrogenesis of the magmatic complex at Mount Ascutney, Vermont, USA - I. Assimilation of crust by mafic magmas based on Sr and O isotopic and major element relationships
K.A. Foland, C.M.B. Henderson, J. Gleason
1985, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (90) 331-345
The Ascutney Mountain igneous complex in eastern Vermont, USA, is composed of three principal units with compositions ranging from gabbro to granite. Sr and O isotopic and major element relationships for mafic rocks, granites, and nearby gneissic and schistose country rock have been investigated in order to describe the petrogenesis...
A two-dimensional dam-break flood plain model
T. V. Hromadka II, C. E. Berenbrock, J. R. Freckleton, G. L. Guymon
1985, Advances in Water Resources (8) 7-14
A simple two-dimensional dam-break model is developed for flood plain study purposes. Both a finite difference grid and an irregular triangle element integrated finite difference formulation are presented. The governing flow equations are approximately solved as a diffusion model coupled to the equation of continuity. Application of the model to...
Degradation of carbohydrates and lignins in buried woods
J. I. Hedges, G.L. Cowie, J.R. Ertel, Barbour R. James, Patrick G. Hatcher
1985, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (49) 701-711
Spruce, alder, and oak woods deposited in coastal sediments were characterized versus their modern counterparts by quantification of individual neutral sugars and lignin-derived phenols as well as by scanning electron microscopy, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. The buried spruce wood from a 2500 yr old deposit was unaltered whereas an alder wood from...
Remote sensing; a geophysical perspective
K. Watson
1985, Geophysics (50) 2595-2610
In this review of developments in the field of remote sensing from a geophysical perspective, the subject is limited to the electromagnetic spectrum from 0.4 mu m to 25 cm. Three broad energy categories are covered: solar reflected, thermal infrared, and microwave.The reflected solar region has been the most intensely...
Excitation of a buried magmatic pipe: A seismic source model for volcanic tremor
Bernard Chouet
1985, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (90) 1881-1893
Recent observations of seismic events at various volcanoes suggest that harmonic tremor results from the sustained occurrence of so-called long-period or low-frequency events. Accordingly, we can view the long-period volcanic event as the elementary process of tremor and interpret it as the impulse response of the tremor-generating system. We present...
Pollen analysis of a late pliocene and early pleistocene section from the Gubik Formation of Arctic Alaska
R.E. Nelson, L. D. Carter
1985, Quaternary Research (24) 295-306
A 14-m-thick section of marine and nonmarine sediments of the Gubik Formation of northern Alaska, exposed in bluffs near Ocean Point on the Colville River, has been studied by means of pollen analysis. Pollen from the marine sediments, of probable late Pliocene age, records a boreal forest of spruce and...
Geochemistry and petrogenesis of lamproites, late cretaceous age, Woodson County, Kansas, U.S.A.
R.L. Cullers, S. Ramakrishnan, P. Berendsen, T. Griffin
1985, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (49) 1383-1402
Lamproite sills and their associated sedimentary and contact metamorphic rocks from Woodson County, Kansas have been analyzed for major elements, selected trace elements, and strontium isotopic composition. These lamproites, like lamproites elsewhere, are alkalic (molecular K2O + Na2OAl2O3= 1.6–2.6">K2O + Na2OAl2O3= 1.6–2.6), are ultrapotassic <span...
Case for periodic, colossal jokulhlaups from Pleistocene glacial Lake Missoula
R. B. Waitt Jr.
1985, Geological Society of America Bulletin (96) 1271-1286
Two classes of field evidence firmly establish that late Wisconsin glacial Lake Missoula drained periodically as scores of colossal jökulhlaups (glacier-outburst floods). (1) More than 40 successive, flood-laid, sand-to-silt graded rhythmites accumulated in back-flooded valleys in southern Washington. Hiatuses are indicated between flood-laid...
