AQUIFEM-SALT; a finite-element model for aquifers containing a seawater interface
C.I. Voss
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4263
Described are modifications to AQUIFEM, a finite element areal ground-water flow model for aquifer evaluation. The modified model, AQUIFEM-SALT, simulates an aquifer containing a freshwater body that freely floats on seawater. Parts of the freshwater lens may be confined above and below by less permeable units. Theory, code modifications, and...
A finite-element simulation model for saturated-unsaturated, fluid-density-dependent ground-water flow with energy transport or chemically- reactive single-species solute transport
C.I. Voss
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4369
SUTRA (Saturated-Unsaturated Transport) is a computer program which can be used to simulate the movement of fluid and the transport of either energy or dissolved substances in a subsurface environment. The model employs a two-dimensional hybrid finite-element and integrated-finite-difference method to approximate the governing equations that describe the two interdependent...
Hydrology of Prairie Dog Creek Valley, Norton Dam to state line, north-central Kansas
L.E. Stullken
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4162
Development of water resources has been a major factor in the economy of Prairie Dog Creek Valley in north-central Kansas. Releases from Norton Reservoir to the Almena Irrigation District averaged 6,900 acre-feet per year during 1967-76. The number of irrigation wells increased from 4 to 147 during 1947-78. Ground water...
Flow routing in the Susquehanna River basin: Part V – Flow-routing models for the West Branch Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania
S. A. Brua
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4049
Digital-computer, daily-flow routing models were developed for four consecutive reaches of the West Branch Susquehanna River between Curwensville and Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. These models will enable water-resources managers to evaluate efficiently the effect of present and future water-resources developments on streamflows at six locations along the West Branch Susquehanna River. The...
Ground water in the Fresno area, California; preliminary report
H. T. Mitten
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4246
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Fresno County, is developing a computer model of the unconfined aquifer system in the Fresno area. In the area, consolidated rocks are overlain by unconsolidated deposits. The unconsolidated deposits are divided into a lower fine-grained unit and an overlying coarse-grained unit. The system...
Digital simulation of the regional effects of subsurface injection of liquid waste near Pensacola, Florida
M. L. Merritt
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4042
Industrial, organic, liquid waste has been injected into a part of the lower limestone of the Floridan aquifer at one site since 1963 and at another site since 1975, raising water levels in the injection zone throughout a large region. The hydrogeologic conceptual model of the injection zone is a...
Predictive simulation of alternatives for managing the water resources of North Fork Solomon River Valley between Kirwin Dam and Waconda Lake, north-central Kansas
R.D. Burnett
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4249
Since 1974 water levels in the alluvial aquifer of the North Fork Solomon River Valley in north-central Kansas have decreased due to increases in ground-water pumpage, decreases in availability of surface water for irrigation, and below-average precipitation. A finite-element model was developed in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation...
Hydrologic conditions in the Chicod Creek basin, North Carolina, before and during channel modifications, 1975-81
S.A. Watkins, C.E. Simmons
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4025
Beginning in late 1978, stream channels throughout the 60-square mile Chicod Creek basin underwent extensive modification to increase drainage efficiency and reduce flooding potential. Drainage modifications in this Coastal Plain basin, consisting primarily of channel excavation and clearing of channel blockages, were completed in December 1981. The hydrologic condition of...
A modification of the finite-difference model for simulation of two dimensional ground-water flow to include surface-ground water relationships
M.M. Ozbilgin, D.C. Dickerman
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4251
The two-dimensional finite-difference model for simulation of groundwater flow was modified to enable simulation of surface-water/groundwater interactions during periods of low streamflow. Changes were made to the program code in order to calculate surface-water heads for, and flow either to or from, contiguous surface-water bodies; and to allow for more...
Projected water-level declines in the Ogallala aquifer in Lea County, New Mexico
D. P. McAda
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4062
A two-dimensional digital ground-water flow model was constructed of the Ogallala aquifer in Lea County, New Mexico. Simulations of predevelopment steady-state and historical pumping conditions were used to fit the model. Projections of water-level declines were made based on the condition of no additional development and the condition of a...
Physical basis and potential estimation techniques for soil erosion parameters in the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS)
W. P. Carey, Andrew Simon
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4218
Simulation of upland-soil erosion by the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System currently requires the user to estimate two rainfall detachment parameters and three hydraulic detachmment paramenters. One rainfall detachment parameter can be estimated from rainfall simulator tests. A reformulation of the rainfall detachment equation allows the second parameter to be computed directly....
Simulated ground-water flow in the Potomac aquifers, New Castle County, Delaware
Mary Martin
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4007
Flow in three aquifers of the Potomac Formation in New Castle County, Delaware, was simulated. Results of the calibrated flow model show the maximum transmissivity of the lower aquifer is between 1,000 and 1,500 square feet per day; the middle aquifer, between 3,000 and 3,500 square feet per day; and...
Application of the conjugate-gradient method to ground-water models
T.A. Manteuffel, D.B. Grove, Leonard F. Konikow
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4009
The conjugate-gradient method can solve efficiently and accurately finite-difference approximations to the ground-water flow equation. An aquifer-simulation model using the conjugate-gradient method was applied to a problem of ground-water flow in an alluvial aquifer at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Denver, Colorado. For this application, the accuracy and efficiency of the...
Application of the U.S. Geological Survey's precipitation-runoff modeling system to the Prairie Dog Creek basin, southeastern Montana
L. E. Cary
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4178
The U.S. Geological Survey 's precipitation-runoff modeling system was tested using 2 year 's data for the daily mode and 17 storms for the storm mode from a basin in southeastern Montana. Two hydrologic response unit delineations were studied. The more complex delineation did not provide superior results. In this...
Trace metals in Suisun Bay, California: A preliminary report
S. N. Luoma, P. V. Cascos, R. M. Dagovitz
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4170
A 5-month partial study (February to July 1983) was completed in Suisun Bay, a shallow embayment of San Francisco Bay, Calif., to determine characteristic heavy metal concentrations present in sediments and organisms (Corbicula clams) prior to possible discharge of San Luis Drain irrigation tile return water. Preliminary results show sediments...
Availability of ground water from the alluvial aquifer on the Nisqually Indian Reservation, Washington
W. E. Lum II
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4185
A digital model using finite-difference techniques was constructed to simulate ground-water flow in an alluvial aquifer on the Nisqually Indian Reservation. The maximum long-term rate of pumping from individual wells, based on available data, is about 0.75 cubic feet per second (340 gallons per minute). Data on the extent, hydraulic...
Flood-discharge profiles of selected streams in Rockland County, New York
Richard Lumia
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4049
Flood-discharge profiles of 10 streams in Rockland County at six recurrence intervals ranging from 2 to 100 years are presented. Synthetic flood-frequency estimates were derived for nine rainfall-runoff sites from calibrated models; observed flood-frequency estimates were derived for three sites having long-term discharge records. A variance-weighting technique was applied to...
The ground-water system and simulated effects of ground-water withdrawals in northern Utah Valley, Utah
D.W. Clark
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4007
The effects of withdrawals from the principal ground-water reservoir in northern Utah Valley, Utah, were projected by means of a three-dimensional, finite-difference, digital-computer model, which was constructed to study and simulate the ground-water system. The model was calibrated against (1) water levels measured in 1947, which were assumed to represent...
Calibration and verification of a rainfall-runoff model and a runoff-quality model for several urban basins in the Denver metropolitan area, Colorado
J. B. Lindner-Lunsford, S. R. Ellis
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4286
The U.S. Geological Survey 's Distributed Routing Rainfall-Runoff Model--Version II was calibrated and verified for five urban basins in the Denver metropolitan area. Land-use types in the basins were light commerical, multifamily housing, single-family housing, and a shopping center. The overall accuracy of model predictions of peak flows and runoff...
Comment on the International Atomic Energy Agency Report on the Advisory Group Meeting on Stable Isotope Reference Samples for Geochemical and Hydrological Investigation, Vienna, Austria, September 19-21, 1983
T.B. Coplen, Irving Friedman, J. R. O’Neil
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4136
According to U.S. Geological Survey records, a report prepared by R. Gonfiantini summarizing the findings and recommendations of the 1983 Advisory Group Meeting on Stable Isotope Reference Samples for Geochemical and Hydrologic Investigations held in Vienna does not accurately represent the consultants ' consensus on three important points. The consultants...
Hydrology and land use in Van Buren County, Michigan
T. R. Cummings, F. R. Twenter, D. J. Holtschlag
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4112
This report gives the results of an investigation to determine the chemical and physical characteristics of ground and surface water in Van Buren County and to relate these characteristics to the agricultural use of land. Chemical inputs to the hydrologic system, including those from precipitation, animal wastes, septic tanks, and...
Ground-water resources of the White River basin, Randolph County, Indiana
W.W. Lapham, L. D. Arihood
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4267
The two major aquifer systems in Randolph County, Indiana are sand and gravel and bedrock (limestone, dolomite, and shale of Silurian to Odovician age). The average thickness of the sands and gravels is 15 ft, and the aquifers are areally discontinuous. The bedrock aquifer underlies the entire study area and...
Finite-element simulation of ground-water flow in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain, Nevada-California
J.B. Czarnecki, R. K. Waddell
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4349
A finite-element model of the groundwater flow system in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain at the Nevada Test Site was developed using parameter estimation techniques. The model simulated steady-state ground-water flow occurring in tuffaceous, volcanic , and carbonate rocks, and alluvial aquifers. Hydraulic gradients in the modeled area range from...
Preliminary assessment of climatic change during Late Wisconsin time, southern Great Basin and vicinity, Arizona, California, and Nevada
W. G. Spaulding, S.W. Robinson, Frederick L. Paillet
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4328
Nine plant macrofossil assemblages from the Eleana Range-2 packrat (Neotoma sp.) midden span 6,500 radiocarbon years and record local vegetational changes in the southern Great Basin of Nevada during the last one-half of the Late Wisconsin glacial age. Climatic reconstructions were developed to account for these changes. During the late...
Ground-water resources of the Mattapoisett River aquifer, Plymouth County, Massachusetts: Summary for water-resource managers
Virginia De Lima, Julio C. Olimpio
1984, Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4023
Proposed increases in municipal pumpage in the Mattapoisett River valley will triple ground-water withdrawals in the next two decades. Because of State and local concern about the long-term effects of these withdrawals on ground-water levels and streamflow, a digital ground-water-flow model was developed to assist water-resource management. Ten development scenarios...
