Paleoecological studies at Lake Patzcuaro on the west-central Mexican Plateau and at Chalco in the basin of Mexico
W.A. Watts, J.P. Bradbury
1982, Quaternary Research (17) 56-70
A 1520-cm sediment core from Lake Patzcuaro, Michoacan, Mexico, is 44,000 yr old at the base. All parts of the core have abundant pollen of Pinus (pine), Alnus (alder), and Quercus (oak) with frequent Abies (fir). The interval dated from 44,000 to 11,000 yr ago has a homogeneous flora characterized...
An analysis of input errors in precipitation-runoff models using regression with errors in the independent variables
Brent M. Troutman
1982, Water Resources Research (18) 947-964
Errors in runoff prediction caused by input data errors are analyzed by treating precipitation-runoff models as regression (conditional expectation) models. Independent variables of the regression consist of precipitation and other input measurements; the dependent variable is runoff. In models using erroneous input data, prediction errors are inflated and estimates of...
A model for managing sources of groundwater pollution
Steven M. Gorelick
1982, Water Resources Research (18) 773-781
The waste disposal capacity of a groundwater system can be maximized while maintaining water quality at specified locations by using a groundwater pollutant source management model that is based upon linear programing and numerical simulation. The decision variables of the management model are solute waste disposal rates at various facilities...
Landsat monitoring of desert vegetation growth, 1972-1979 using a plant-shadowing model
Joseph Otterman, C.J. Robinove
1982, Advances in Space Research (2) 45-50
Landsat digital data spanning the period 1972-1979 were analyzed to monitor the status of vegetation within and outside an exclosure in the northern Sinai (precipitation 100-150 mm/year). This 6??6 km exclosure was fenced off in the summer of 1974 and subsequently has been free from the anthropogenic pressures (overgrazing, cultivation...
Application of automated image analysis to coal petrography
E. C. T. Chao, J.A. Minkin, C.L. Thompson
1982, International Journal of Coal Geology (2) 113-150
The coal petrologist seeks to determine the petrographic characteristics of organic and inorganic coal constituents and their lateral and vertical variations within a single coal bed or different coal beds of a particular coal field. Definitive descriptions of coal characteristics and...
Regional thermal-inertia mapping from an experimental satellite
K. Watson
1982, Geophysics (47) 1681-1687
A new experimental satellite has provided, for the first time, thermal data that should be useful in reconnaissance geologic exploration. Thermal inertia, a property of geologic materials, can be mapped from these data by applying an algorithm that has been developed using a new thermal model. A simple registration procedure...
The nomenclatural enigma of single versus double -i endings for scientific patronyms emended to represent a man's name: A comment and some considerations
M.R. Jennings
1982, Fisheries (7) 9-10
The current inconsistency over the use of single vs. double -i endings for singular masculine scientific patronyms in official lists of scientific names of fishes causes needless confusion and labor. Taxonomists once preferred rules for Latinization calling for double -i endings, but current rules suggest single -i endings. Recent rulings by the International Commission of Zoological...
Modern shallow-water graded sand layers from storm surges, Bering Shelf: a mimic of Bouma sequences and turbidite systems
C.H. Nelson
1982, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (52) 537-545
A sequence of graded sand layers, interbedded with mud, extends offshore over 100 km from the Yukon Delta shoreline across the flat, shallow (<20 m depth) epicontinental shelf of the northern Bering Sea, Alaska. Proximal graded sand beds on the delta-front platform near...
Modeling of tidal and residual circulation in San Francisco Bay, California
R. T. Cheng
1982, Conference Paper, Proceedings, Seminar on 2-D Flows
Several numerical models have been developed and implemented to simulate tidal and residual circulation in San Francisco Bay. Because of a broad distribution in time scales, hydrodynamic models must be formulated to account for the proper time and spatial scales which dominate the transport processes. A complete current survey of...
International geomagnetic reference field 1980: a report by IAGA Division I working group.
N.W. Peddie
1982, Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society (68) 265-268
Describes the recommendations of the working group, which suggested additions to IGRF because of the cumulative effect of the inevitable uncertainties in the secular variation models which had led to unacceptable inaccuracies in the IGRF by the late 1970's. The recommendations were accepted by the International Association of Geomagnetism and...
Implications of the Precambrian lineaments on the Red Sea tectonics based on Landsat study of northeast Sudan
F. Ahmed
1982, Global Tectonics and Metallogeny (1) 326-335
Lineament analysis of a Landsat Imagery mosaic (scale 1:1,000,000) of northeast Sugdan indicate significant curvilinear as well as rectilinear fracture patterns of possible Precambrian age. Rectilinear features trend dominantly in N-S (± 10°), NNW and ENE, and less commonly in NW and EW directions. The Precambrian fractures closely match, and...
A note on the Goodman Jack
H.S. Swolfs, J.D. Kibler
1982, Rock Mechanics Felsmechanik Mecanique des Roches (15) 57-66
A Note on the Goodman Jack. Reconnaissance experiments, performed to evaluate the practical utility of the hard-rock variety of the Goodman Jack 1, reveal that the Hustrulid-T* correction adequately reconciles the discrepancy between the measured and true deformation modulus of the rock mass in the range of 30 to50 gigapascals....
Assessing mesquite-grass vegetation condition from Landsat
Kirk C. McDaniel, Robert H. Haas
1982, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (48) 441-450
Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) band values, band ratios, and vegetation index models were compared with selected rangeland vegetation parameters collected at six test sites within the honey mesquitellotebushlmixed grass association in north-central Texas. The comparisons at four dates showed that two vegetation index models, TV16 and GVI, are highly correlated...
Bank stability and channel width adjustment, East Fork River, Wyoming
E.D. Andrews
1982, Water Resources Research (18) 1184-1192
Frequent surveys of eight cross sections located in self-formed reaches of the East Fork River, Wyoming, during the 1974 snowmelt flood showed a close relation between channel morphology and scour and fill. Those cross sections narrower than the mean reach width filled at discharges less than bankfull and scoured at...
Deep structure and evolution of the Carolina Trough
D. R. Hutchinson, J. A. Grow, Kim D. Klitgord, B.A. Swift
1982, Book chapter, Studies in continental margin geology
Multichannel seismic-reflection data together with two-dimensional gravity and magnetic models suggest that the crustal structure off North Carolina consists of normal continental crust landward of the Brunswick magnetic anomaly (BMA), rift-stage crust in the 80-km-wide zone between the BMA and the East Coast magnetic anomaly (ECMA), and normal oceanic crust...
Relation between freshwater flow and salinity distributions in the Alafia River, Bullfrog Creek, and Hillsborough Bay, Florida
R.F. Giovannelli, Southwest Florida Water Management District.
1981, Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-102
Data on streamflow, tide stage, specific conductance, and chloride concentration were collected in the Alafia River and Bullfrog Creek to describe the salinity and physical characteristics of the saltwater wedge. The location of the saltwater-freshwater interface for both streams was described by multiple regression equations involving streamflow and tide stage....
Hydrology and model of North Fork Solomon River Valley, Kirwin Dam to Waconda Lake, north-central Kansas
Donald G. Jorgensen, Lloyd E. Stullken
1981, Irrigation Series 6
The alluvial valley of the North Fork Solomon River is an important agricultural area. Reservoir releases diverted below Kirwin Dam are the principal source of irrigation water. During the 1970'S, severe water shortages occurred in Kirwin Reservoir and other nearby reservoirs as a result of an extended drought. Some evidence...
Water resources inventory of Connecticut Part 7: upper Connecticut River basin
Robert B. Ryder, Mendall P. Thomas, Lawrence A. Weiss
1981, Connecticut Water Resources Bulletin 24
The 508 square miles of the upper Connecticut River basin in north-central Connecticut include the basins of four major tributaries: the Scantic, Park, and Hockanum Rivers, and the Farmington River downstream from Tariffville. Precipitation over this area averaged 44 inches per year during 1931-60. In this period, an additional 3,800...
The structure of western warbler assemblages: Analysis of foraging behavior and habitat selection in Oregon
Michael L. Morrison
1981, The Auk (98) 578-588
This study examines the foraging behavior and habitat selection of a MacGillivray's (Oporornis tolmiei)-Orange-crowned (Vermivora celata)-Wilson's (Wilsonia pusilla) warbler assemblage that occurred on early-growth clearcuts in western Oregon during breeding. Sites were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of deciduous trees. Density estimates for each species...
The Mayfield method of estimating nesting success: A model, estimators and simulation results
Gary L. Hensler, J.D. Nichols
1981, The Wilson Bulletin (93) 42-53
Using a nesting model proposed by Mayfield we show that the estimator he proposes is a maximum likelihood estimator (m.l.e.). M.l.e. theory allows us to calculate the asymptotic distribution of this estimator, and we propose an estimator of the asymptotic variance. Using these estimators we give approximate confidence...
Censusing wading bird colonies: An update on the 'flight-line' count method
R.M. Erwin
1981, Colonial Waterbirds (4) 91-95
1. Thirteen mixed-species heronries (10 in Florida, two in Virginia, one in North Carolina) were studied in 1980 as part of a project begun in 1979 aimed at evaluating the 'flight-line' census method..2. Standardized counts of Snowy and Cattle Egrets, Louisiana and Little Blue Herons flying to and from the...
Estimates of avian population trends from the North American Breeding Bird Survey
P.H. Geissler, B.R. Noon
C. John Ralph, J. Michael Scott, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds
One of the major purposes of bird population studies is to document changes in population size over a period of years. The traditional method used in Europe and North America to detect population change is to calculate annual ratios. However, this method can produce spurious results when ratios...
Analysis of bird survey data using a modification of Emlen's method
F. L. Ramsey, J. M. Scott
C. John Ralph, J. Michael Scott, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds
The terminal Eocene event and the Polish connection
J. A. Van Couvering, M.-P. Aubry, W.A. Berggren, J.P. Bujak, C. W. Naeser, T. Wieser
1981, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (36) 321-362
The Eocene/Oligocene boundary in Europe is marked by major discontinuities in all environments: the “Grande Coupure” in continental mammals; the elimination of semitropical elements from high-latitude floras; the virtually complete replacement of the shallow-marine malacofauna; and an extraordinary downslope excursion of carbonate deposition in deep-ocean basins (drop in the CCD)....
Composition of the earth's upper mantle-I. Siderophile trace elements in ultramafic nodules
J. W. Morgan, G.A. Wandless, R.K. Petrie, A.J. Irving
1981, Tectonophysics (75) 47-67
Seven siderophile elements (Au, Ge, Ir, Ni, Pd, Os, Re) were determined by radiochemical neutron activation analysis in 19 ultramafic rocks, which are spinel lherzollites-xenoliths from North and Central America, Hawaii and Australia, and garnet Iherzolitexenoliths from Lesotho.Abundances of the platinum metals are very uniform in spinel lherzolites averaging 3.4...
