Space, time, and the third dimension (model error)
Marshall E. Moss
1979, Water Resources Research (15) 1797-1800
The space-time tradeoff of hydrologic data collection (the ability to substitute spatial coverage for temporal extension of records or vice versa) is controlled jointly by the statistical properties of the phenomena that are being measured and by the model that is used to meld the information sources. The control exerted...
Major geochemical processes in the evolution of carbonate-Aquifer systems
B.B. Hanshaw, W. Back
1979, Journal of Hydrology (43) 287-312
As a result of recent advances by carbonate petrologists and geochemists, hydrologists are provided with new insights into the origin and explanation of many aquifer characteristics and hydrologic phenomena. Some major advances include the recognition that: (1) most carbonate sediments are of biological origin; (2) they have a strong bimodal...
Chemical and isotopic prediction of aquifer temperatures in the geothermal system at Long Valley, California
R.O. Fournier, M.L. Sorey, Robert H. Mariner, A.H. Truesdell
1979, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (5) 17-34
Temperatures of aquifers feeding thermal springs and wells in Long Valley, California, estimated using silica and Na-K-Ca geothermometers and warm spring mixing models, range from 160/dg to about 220??C. This information was used to construct a diagram showing enthalpy-chloride relations for the various thermal waters in the Long Valley region....
A practical method of estimating standard error of age in the fission track dating method
N.M. Johnson, V.E. McGee, C. W. Naeser
1979, Nuclear Tracks (3) 93-99
A first-order approximation formula for the propagation of error in the fission track age equation is given by PA = C[P2s+P2i+P2??-2rPsPi] 1 2, where PA, Ps, Pi and P?? are the percentage error of age, of spontaneous track density, of induced track density, and of neutron dose, respectively, and C...
Mathematics and mallard management
L.M. Cowardin, Douglas H. Johnson
1979, Journal of Wildlife Management (43) 18-35
Waterfowl managers can effectively use simple population models to aid in making management decisions. We present a basic model of the change in population size as related to survival and recruitment. A management technique designed to increase survival of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) by limiting harvest on the Chippewa National Forest,...
Modification of a commercial micrometer hanging mercury drop electrode
J. E. Bonelli, H. E. Taylor, R. K Skogerboe
1979, Analytical Chemistry (51) 2412-2413
U.S. Geological Survey...
The geochemistry of the Fox Hills-Basal Hell Creek Aquifer in southwestern North Dakota and northwestern South Dakota
Donald C. Thorstenson, Donald W. Fisher, Mack G. Croft
1979, Water Resources Research (15) 1479-1498
The Late Cretaceous Fox Hills Formation and the basal portion of the overlying Hell Creek Formation constitute an important aquifer in the Fort Union coal region. Throughout most of southwestern North Dakota and northwestern South Dakota the aquifer is at depths ranging from 1000 to 2000 ft, except for exposures...
The Parkfield prediction experiment
A. Lindh, P. Evans, P. Harsh, G. Buhr
1979, Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS) (11) 209-213
The San Andreas fault is part of the boundary between the Pacific and North American crustal plates. In California, movements of about 3 centimeters per year are currently taking place along the fault, although plat tectonic models suggest a faster rate of 5 cm/yr may be the average over a...
Venus: Preliminary topographic and surface imaging results from the Pioneer Orbiter
G.H. Pettengill, P.G. Ford, W.E. Brown, W.M. Kaula, H. Masursky, E. Eliason, G.E. McGill
1979, Science (205) 90-93
Three large Venus surface features, identified previously in images obtained from Earth-based radar observations, are shown by the Pioneer Venus radar mapper to be elevated 5 to 10 kilometers above the surrounding terrain. Two of these features, one bright and the other dark, lie adjacent to each...
Estimating nest success: The Mayfield method and an alternative
Douglas H. Johnson
1979, The Auk (96) 651-661
Mayfield's method for calculating the success of a group of nests is examined in detail. The standard error of his estimator is developed. Mayfield's assumption that destroyed nests are at risk until the midpoint of the interval between visits leads to bias if nests are visited infrequently. A remedy is...
Modern marine sediments as a natural analog to the chemically stressed environment of a landfill
M.J. Baedecker, W. Back
1979, Journal of Hydrology (43) 393-414
Chemical reactions that occur in landfills are analogous to those reactions that occur in marine sediments. Lateral zonation of C, N, S, O, H, Fe and Mn species in landfills is similar to the vertical zonation of these species in marine sediments and results from the following reaction sequence: (1)...
Origin of reverse-graded bedding in air-fall pumice, Coso Range, California
W. A. Duffield, C. R. Bacon, G.R. Roquemore
1979, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (5) 35-48
The origin of reverse grading in air-fall pyroclastic deposits has been ascribed to: (1) changing conditions at an erupting vent; (2) deposition in water; or (3) rolling of large clasts over smaller clasts on the surface of a steep slope. Structural features in a deposit of air-fall pumice lapilli in...
D/H ratios in speleothem fluid inclusions: A guide to variations in the isotopic composition of meteoric precipitation?
R.S. Harmon, H.P. Schwarcz, J. R. O’Neil
1979, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (42) 254-266
D/H ratios of fluid inclusion waters extracted from230Th/234U-dated speleothems that were originally deposited under conditions of isotopic equilibrium should provide a direct estimate of the hydrogen isotopic composition of ancient meteoric waters. We present here D/H ratios for 47 fluid inclusion...
Modeling of rock friction 2. Simulation of preseismic slip
James H. Dieterich
1979, Conference Paper, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth
The constitutive relations developed in the companion paper are used to model detailed observations of preseismic slip and the onset of unstable slip in biaxial laboratory experiments. The simulations employ a deterministic plane strain finite element model to represent the interactions both within the sliding blocks and between the blocks...
Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States
L.M. Cowardin, V. Carter, F.C. Golet, E.T. LaRoe
1979, FWS/OBS 79/31
This classification, to be used in a new inventory of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States, is intended to describe ecological taxa, arrange them in a system useful to resource managers, furnish units for mapping, and provide uniformity of concepts and terms. Wetlands are defined by plants (hydrophytes),...
Surface faults in the gulf coastal plain between Victoria and Beaumont, Texas
Earl R. Verbeek
1979, Tectonophysics (52) 373-375
Displacement of the land surface by faulting is widespread in the Houston-Galveston region, an area which has undergone moderate to severe land subsidence associated with fluid withdrawal (principally water, and to a lesser extent, oil and gas). A causative link between subsidence and fluid extraction has been convincingly reported in...
Regional and local networks of horizontal control, Cerro Prieto geothermal area
B.L. Massey
1979, Geothermics (8) 275-281
The Cerro Prieto geothermal area in the Mexicali Valley 30 km southeast of Mexicali, Baja California, is probably deforming due to (1) the extraction of large volumes of steam and hot water, and (2) active tectonism. Two networks of precise horizontal control were established in Mexicali Valley by the U.S....
Geomagnetic paleointensities by the Thelliers' method from submarine pillow basalts: Effects of seafloor weathering
Sherman Gromme, Edward A. Mankinen, Monte Marshall, Robert S. Coe
1979, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (84) 3553-3575
Measurements of geomagnetic paleointensity using the Thelliers' double‐heating method in vacuum have been made on 10 specimens of submarine pillow basalt obtained from 7 fragments dredged from localities 700,000 years old or younger. In the magnetic minerals, the titanium/iron ratio parameter x and the cation deficiency (oxidation) parameter x were determined by X‐ray diffraction...
Numerical simulation of steady state three-dimensional groundwater flow near lakes
Thomas C. Winter
1978, Water Resources Research (14) 245-254
Numerical simulation of three-dimensional groundwater flow near lakes shows that the continuity of the boundary encompassing the local groundwater flow system associated with a lake is the key to understanding the interaction of a lake with the groundwater system. The continuity of the boundary can be determined by the presence...
Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska
Michael A. Fisher, Leslie B. Magoon
1978, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (62) 373-402
Three seismic reflectors are present throughout the lower Cook Inlet basin and can be correlated with onshore geologic features. The reflections come from unconformities at the base of the Tertiary sequence, at the base of Upper Cretaceous rocks, and near the base of Upper Jurassic strata.A contour map of the...
Morphology of chasma walls, Mars
Baerbel K. Lucchitta
1978, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (6) 651-662
The landforms developed on the walls of the Valles Marineris system of chasmas are of three major types, which are locally transitional. The most common type is composed of steep spurs and gullies. The dominant process in the formation or modification of this type appears to be the downslope movement...
Water resources inventory of Connecticut Part 8: Quinnipiac River basin
David L. Mazzaferro, Elinor H. Handman, Mendall P. Thomas
1978, Connecticut Water Resources Bulletin 27
The Quinnipiac River basin area in southcentral Connecticut covers 363 square miles, and includes all drainage basins that enter Long Island Sound from the Branford to the Wepawaug Rivers. Its population in 1970 was estimated at 535,000. Precipitation averages 47 inches per year and provides an abundant supply of water....
Workshop on Deposit Modeling
M.V. Hansen, J.M. Botbol, O.R. Eckstrand, G. Gaal, M. Maignan, Th. Pantazis, R. Sinding-Larsen
1978, Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology (10) 519-531
[No abstract available]...
Howling at two Minnesota wolf pack summer homesites
F.H. Harrington, L.D. Mech
1978, Canadian Journal of Zoology (56) 2024-2028
Howling sessions were monitored at two Minnesota wolf pack homesites for 2255 h between 29 April and 3 August 1973. All sessions recorded occurred from dusk through early morning, with an evening peak for one pack. Within a night, multiple sessions were grouped temporally, most occurring within an hour of...
Histopathologic effects of dietary cadmium on kidneys and testes of mallard ducks
Donald H. White, M. T. Finley, J. F. Ferrell
1978, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health (4) 551-558
Mallard ducks fed 2, 20, or 200 ppm cadmium chloride were sacrificed at 30, 60, and 90 d. No mortality occurred during the study and body weights remained unchanged. Kidney weights of the 200-ppm group were significantly greater after 60 and 90 d than those of controls; also, testis weights...
