Unsteady streamflow simulation using a linear implicit finite-difference model
Larry F. Land
1978, Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-59
A computer program for simulating one-dimensional subcritical, gradually varied, unsteady flow in a stream has been developed and documented. Given upstream and downstream boundary conditions and channel geometry data, roughness coefficients, stage, and discharge can be calculated anywhere within the reach as a function of time.The program uses a linear...
Improvements in magnetic observatory construction and operation in permafrost areas
John B. Townshend
1978, Open-File Report 78-213
The operation of the Barrow, Alaska, magnetic observatory (lat. 71.32°N, long. 156.62°W) has been complicated because foundations for the instrument piers must be constructed on permafrost. Better understanding of environmental conditions and the availability of more modern instrumentation since the original construction have led to the design and construction of...
A progress report on estuary modeling by the finite-element method
William G. Gray
1978, Open-File Report 78-479
Various schemes are investigated for finite-element modeling of two-dimensional surface-water flows. The first schemes investigated combine finite-element spatial discretization with split-step time stepping schemes that have been found useful in finite-difference computations. Because of the large number of numerical integrations performed in space and the large sparse matrices solved, these...
Ground-water availability in the Hayes-Red Willow, Frenchman, and Meeker-Driftwood irrigation districts, southwest Nebraska
E.G. Lappala, P.F. Hemphill, R.E. Booker
1978, Open-File Report 78-461
Surface-water supplies are diminishing in the Hitchcock-Red Willow and Frenchman Valley Irrigation Districts in southwest Nebraska. Stream depletions due to ground-water withdrawals upstream from Enders Reservoir (northwest of the study area) have resulted in a shortage of about 8,700 acre-feet per year. The availability of ground water to supply part...
An empirical transport model for evaluating entrainment of aquatic organisms by power plants
John Boreman, C. Phillip Goodyear, Sigurd W. Christensen
1978, FWS/OBS 78/90
FRISK: computer program for seismic risk analysis using faults as earthquake sources
Robin K. McGuire
1978, Open-File Report 78-1007
This computer program makes probabilistic seismic hazard calculations at sites affected by earthquakes occurring on faults which are defined by the user as a series of line segments. The length of rupture of the fault as a function of earthquake magnitude is accounted for, and ground motion estimates at the...
Model analysis of the impact on ground-water conditions of the Muskegon County wastewater disposal system, Michigan
Michael G. McDonald, William B. Fleck
1978, Open-File Report 78-99
A digital model was developed to study the impact on ground-water conditions of the Muskegon County wastewater disposal system. At the disposal site, wastewater is stored in two 850-acre (344-ha) lagoons and then spray-irrigated on crop land. About 70 miles (105 km) of drainage tile, which underlies the irrigated land,...
Backwater at bridges and densely wooded flood plains, Tallahala Creek at Waldrup, Mississippi
B.E. Colson, C. O. Ming, George J. Arcement
1978, Hydrologic Atlas 590
New techniques for predicting water-surface profiles, needed in the design of economical, structurally sound, and environmentally compatible stream crossings, are under investigation. The investigation has accelerated with the advent of digital computers capable of analyzing large quantities of data. Among the techniques is the development of two-dimensional (2-D) digital models. ...
Reaeration capacity of the Rock River between Lake Koshkonong, Wisconsin and Rockton, Illinois
R. Stephen Grant
1978, Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-128
The reaeration capacity of the Rock River from Lake Koshkonong, Wisconsin, to Rockton, Illinois, was determined using the energy-dissipation model. The model was calibrated using data from radioactive-tracer measurements in the study reach. Reaeration coefficients (K2) were computed for the annual minimum 7-day mean discharge that occurs on the average...
Estimated inflow and evaporation for Great Salt Lake, Utah, 1931-76, with revised model for evaluating the effects of dikes on the water and salt balance of the lake
K.M. Waddell, J.D. Barton
1978, Open-File Report 79-258
Direct solution algorithm for the two-dimensional ground-water flow model
S. P. Larson
1978, Open-File Report 79-202
Ice-gouged microrelief on the floor of the eastern Chukchi Sea, Alaska: a reconnaissance survey
Lawrence J. Toimil
1978, Open-File Report 78-693
Side-scan sonar and bathymetric records obtained from 1,800 km of trackline from the eastern Chukchi Sea continental shelf, between water depths of 20 and 70 m show the ubiquitous presence of furrow-like linear depressions produced by gouging of the sea bed by ice keels. These sea bed micro-features are regionally...
Water resources of the Kodiak-Shelikof subregion, south-central Alaska
Stanley H. Jones, R. J. Madison, Chester Zenone
1978, Hydrologic Atlas 612
Hydrologic data for the Kodiak-Shelikof subregion of south-central Alaska are summarized to provide a basis for planning water resources development, identifying water problems and evaluating existing water quality and availability. Average annual precipitation, measured at a few coastal locations in this maritime climatic zone, ranges from 23 to 127 inches....
Continuous tilt, strain, and magnetic field measurements near four earthquakes (ML = 3.6 to 3.8) on the San Andreas fault, California
M.J.S. Johnston, A.C. Jones, C.E. Mortensen, B.E. Smith
1978, Open-File Report 78-987
Four moderate earthquakes (M = 3.6 to 3.8) have occurred on the San Andreas fault in central California since October, 1977. These earthquakes are the first since 1974 to occur at this magnitude level within the array of tilt, strain, and magnetic instruments between Chalome (35.726N, 12.249 W) and San...
One and two dimension seismic modeling
Myung W. Lee
1978, Open-File Report 78-270
An instrument system for long-term sediment transport studies on the continental shelf
Bradford Butman, David W. Folger
1978, Open-File Report 78-1019
A bottom-mounted instrument system has been designed and built to monitor processes of bottom-sediment movement on the Continental Shelf. The system measures bottom current speed and direction, pressure, temperature, and light transmission, and photographs the bottom. The instrument operates in a burst sample mode. The system can be deployed for...
Effects of urban development on the flood-flow characteristics of the Walnut Creek Basin, Des Moines Metropolitan area, Iowa
Oscar G. Lara
1978, Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-11
This report deals with the probable impact of urban development on the magnitude and frequency of flooding in the lower reach of the Walnut creek Basin.Stream-modeling techniques, which include complete definition of unit hydroqraphs and precipitation loss-rate criteria, were utilized to evaluate the effects of urban development as measured by...
Recent and projected changes in Dead Sea level and effects on mineral production from the sea
Stanley P. Sauer
1978, Open-File Report 78-176
Hydrologic data for the Dead Sea area were reviewed to assess the probable magnitude and rate of change of the water level of the Dead Sea. Historical average annual Dead Sea levels range from a minimum of 399.4 meters below sea level in about 1818 to a maximum of 388.6...
A computer program designed to produce tables from alphanumeric data
Jennie L. Ridgley, Robert Wayne Schnabel
1978, Open-File Report 78-875
This program is designed to produce tables from alphanumeric data. Each line of data that appears in the table is entered into a data file as a single line of data. Where necessary, a predetermined delimiter is added to break up the data into column data. The program can process...
Tsunami microprocessor tide system
Harold Clark, Gary L. Heckendorn
1978, Open-File Report 78-95
A Tsunami Microprocessor Tide System was developed to replace the Advanced Tsunami Tide System. The use of microprocessor based systems will reduce manpower and hardware costs from $4,000 per advanced system to $400 per microprocessor system. In addition to the cost reduction; the capacity, capability, and flexibility of the microprocessor...
Postulated model of uranium occurrence in the central mining area, Marysvale District, west-central Utah
Charles G. Cunningham, Thomas August Steven
1978, Open-File Report 78-1093
Uranium in the central mining area of Marysvale, Utah occurs in hydrothermal veins cutting granitic and volcanic rocks in the eastern source area of the Mount Belknap Volcanics. A preliminary model for the origin of the veins envisages deposition in near-surface fractures above an unexposed pluton that may host a...
Transport and dispersion of fluorescent tracer particles for the dune-bed condition, Atrisco Feeder Canal near Bernalillo, New Mexico
R. E. Rathbun, Vance C. Kennedy
1978, Professional Paper 1037
A fluorescent tracer technique was used to study the rates of transport and dispersion of sediment particles of various diameters and specific gravities for a dune-bed condition in an alluvial channel, Atrisco Feeder Canal near Bernalillo, N. Mex. The total transport rates of bed material measured by the steady-dilution and...
Ages of flow units in the far eastern lunar maria based on crater density
Joseph M. Boyce
1978, Open-File Report 78-879
The distribution of major geologic units of uniform relative age exposed in the far eastern maria (i.e., Mare Marginis, Mare Smythii, and Mare Crisium) and Mare Humorum was compiled in map form on the basis of a crater density mapping technique. Correlation of crater densities and radiometric ages of Apollo...
Effects of coal mine subsidence in the western Powder River basin, Wyoming
C. Richard Dunrud, Frank W. Osterwald
1978, Open-File Report 78-473
Analyses of the surface effects of past underground coal mining in the western Powder River Basin suggest that underground mining of strippable coal deposits will damage the environment more over long periods of time than will modern surface mining, provided proper restoration procedures are followed after surface mining. Subsidence depressions...
Gas-driven pump for ground-water samples
Donald C. Signor
1978, Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-72
Observation wells installed for artificial-recharge research and other wells used in different ground-water programs are frequently cased with small-diameter steel pipe. To obtain samples from these small-diameter wells in order to monitor water quality, and to calibrate solute-transport models, a small-diameter pump with unique operating characteristics is required that causes...
