A generalized deep learning model to detect and classify volcano seismicity
David Fee, Darren Tan, John J. Lyons, Mariangela Sciotto, Andrea Cannata, Alicia J. Hotovec-Ellis, Tarsilo Girona, Aaron Wech, Diana Roman, Matthew M. Haney, Silvio De Angelis
2025, Volcanica (8) 305-323
Volcano seismicity is often detected and classified based on its spectral properties. However, the wide variety of volcano seismic signals and increasing amounts of data make accurate, consistent, and efficient detection and classification challenging. Machine learning (ML) has proven very effective at detecting and classifying tectonic seismicity, particularly using Convolutional...
Risk implications of Poisson assumptions and declustering inferred from a fully time-dependent earthquake forecast
Edward H. Field, Kevin Ross Milner, Keith A. Porter
2025, Earthquake Spectra (41) 1977-1997
We use the Third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence model, which is fully time-dependent in terms of including spatiotemporal clustering, to evaluate the effects of the Poisson assumption and declustering algorithms on statewide loss exceedance curves. The model is simulation based, meaning it...
Human perturbations to mercury in global rivers
Dong Peng, Zeli Tan, Tengfei Yuan, Peipei Wu, Zhengcheng Song, Peng Zhang, Shaojian Huang, Yanxu Zhang, Ting Lei, Beth Middleton, Jeroen E. Sonke, Guangchun Lei, Jianhua Gao
2025, Science Advances (11)
Mercury compounds are potent neurotoxins that pose threats to human health, primarily through fish consumption. Rivers, critical for drinking water and food supply, have seen rapid increases in mercury concentrations and export to coastal margins since the Industrial Revolution (~1850). However, patterns of these changes remain understudied, limiting assessments of...
Population growth of threatened Gulf Sturgeon may be limited by the frequency of adult episodic mortality events
Stephen W. Parker, William E. Pine III, Brian D. Healy, James E. Hines
2025, Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management and Ecosystem Science (17)
ObjectiveWe identified spatial and temporal variation in population trends for Gulf Sturgeon Acipenser desotoi (previously known as Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) across the species’ range to inform recovery strategies. We also assessed whether adult survival or recruitment more strongly influences population change.MethodsWe analyzed adult Gulf Sturgeon...
High-pass corner frequency selection and review tool for use in ground-motion processing
Maria E. Ramos-Sepulveda, Scott J. Brandenberg, Tristan E Buckreis, Grace Alexandra Parker, Jonathan P. Stewart
2025, Seismological Research Letters (96) 3244-3252
Raw seismological waveform data contain noise from the instrument’s surroundings and the instrument itself that can dominate recordings at low and high frequencies. To use these data in ground‐motion modeling, the effects of noise on the signals must be reduced and the signals’ usable frequency range identified. We present automated...
Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of selenium in a large oligotrophic river
Christopher A. Mebane, A. Robin Stewart, Erin Murray, Terry M. Short, Veronika A. Kocen, Lauren M. Zinsser
2025, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (44) 2864-2888
In flowing waters with elevated selenium concentrations, fish are often considered to be at risk from selenium toxicity owing to dietary exposure and accumulation in ovary tissues and subsequent deformities in developing larvae. We studied selenium throughout components of the aquatic food webs at geomorphically distinct locations along the oligotrophic...
Estimating disease prevalence from preferentially sampled, pooled data
Clinton P. Pollock, Andrew Hoegh, Kathryn Irvine, Luz de Wit, Brian Reichert
2025, Journal of Data Science (23) 542-559
After the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientific interest in coronaviruses endemic in animal populations has increased dramatically. However, investigating the prevalence of disease in animal populations across the landscape, which requires finding and capturing animals can be difficult. Spatial random sampling over...
Application of mercury stable isotopes to examine sources and hydrologic factors impacting mercury bioaccumulation and cycling in invertebrates of a model saline lake
Samuel Francisco Lopez, Sarah E. Janssen, Michael T. Tate, Frank J. Black, Hannah Erin Mcilwain, Laura Elizabeth Flucke, Jacob M. Ogorek, William P. Johnson
2025, Water Research (284)
Invertebrates, such as brine shrimp and brine flies, are key prey items for millions of resident and migratory birds that utilize saline lakes such as Great Salt Lake (GSL). Elevated methylmercury (MeHg) in invertebrate and waterfowl species of GSL has been assumed to be linked to elevated MeHg in GSL’s...
Quantifying the substantive influence of public comment on United States federal environmental decisions under NEPA
Ashley Stava, Wayne E. Thogmartin, Robert Merideth, Steven Bethard, Faiz Currim, Jonathan J. Derbridge, Kirk Emerson, Egoitz Laparra, Aaron M. Lien, Emily McGovern, Justin Pidot, Marc Miller, Krista Romero-Carvenas, Blaze Smith, Carly Winnebald, Laura Lopez-Hoffman
2025, Environmental Research Letters (20)
A citizen’s right to comment on, and criticize, government decisions makes a difference. The U.S. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) institutionalized public engagement in environmental review in the belief it would lead to better decisions and more sustainable outcomes. But, 50 years later, NEPA’s public comment process has...
Preliminary field report of landslide hazards following Hurricane Helene
Kate E. Allstadt, Sara K. McBride, Jonathan W. Godt, Stephen L. Slaughter, Kelli Wadsworth Baxstrom, Steven Sobieszczyk, Anna Stull
2025, Open-File Report 2025-1028
Executive SummaryThis report reflects our knowledge regarding the widespread landslide activity associated with Hurricane Helene observed during the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) mission assignment to North Carolina in October 2024. The material in this report was originally prepared for the Federal Emergency Management Agency under mission assignment DR-4827-NC. The data...
Introgression, phylogeography, and genomic species cohesion in the eastern North American white oak syngameon
Gabe Ribicoff, Mira Garner, Kasey Pham, Kieren Althaus, Jeannine Cavendar-Bares, Andy Crowl, Samantha Gray, Paul F. Gugger, Marlene Hahn, S Liao, Paul Manos, Rebekah Mohn, Ian S. Pearse, Nicholas Steichmann, Ashley Tuffin, Alan T. Whittemore, Andrew Hipp
2025, Molecular Ecology (34)
Hybridization and interspecific gene flow play a substantial role in the evolution of plant taxa. The eastern North American white oak syngameon, a group of approximately 15 ecologically, morphologically and genomically distinguishable species, has long been recognised as a model system for studying introgressive hybridization in temperate trees. However, the...
Assessing uncertainty in forecasts of refugia for Joshua trees using high-density distribution data
Daniel F. Shryock, Todd Esque, Gabrielle A. Berr, Lesley A. DeFalco
2025, Ecosphere (16)
Joshua trees (Yucca brevifolia and Yucca jaegeriana) are iconic, foundational species of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts in North America. Due to their ecosystem importance, long generation times, and low resilience to disturbance, these hybridizing sister species are increasingly the focus of conservation efforts. Predicting Joshua tree responses to impending climate variability,...
Population genomics of recovery and extinction in Hawaiian honeycreepers
Christopher Kyriazis, Madhvi Venkatraman, Bryce Masuda, Cynthia Steiner, Loren Cassin-Sackett, Lisa H. Crampton, Alison Flanagan, Jeffrey T. Foster, Marlys Houck, Ann Misuraca, Eben H. Paxton, Jacqueline Robinson, Robert C. Fleischer, Oliver A. Ryder, Michael G. Campana, Aryn P. Wilder
2025, Current Biology (35) 2697-2708
Native Hawaiian forest birds are experiencing an unprecedented extinction crisis. In particular, the iconic Hawaiian honeycreeper radiation has declined to just 17 out of ∼60 species remaining, most threatened with extinction due to avian malaria. Here, we investigate the genomic signatures of these declines in three honeycreeper species: the critically...
Wake Atoll: Evaluation of plant biosecurity
Corie Yanger, James D. Jacobi, Stephanie G. Yelenik, Stacie A. Hathaway
2025, Report
Introduced organisms can cause substantial effects across most landscapes. Island ecosystems, especially tropical islands, are at elevated risk from introduced organisms. The risks are even higher for tropical islands with moderate or high levels of transit, yet this can be minimized by application of appropriate biosecurity requirements. In this study,...
Outwash events inhibit vegetation recovery and prolong coastal vulnerability
Jin-Si R. Over, Christopher R. Sherwood
2025, JGR Earth Surface (130)
Overwash, when high ocean water levels and waves flood a coastline, is a common phenomenon that can lead to washover deposits and barrier rollover. Outwash, by contrast, involves seaward flow, often driven by high back-barrier water levels, and can produce washout channels and nearshore deposition. Our observations show that washout...
Waterline responses to climate forcing along the North American West Coast
Marcan Graffin, Rafael Almar, Erwin W.J. Bergsma, Julien Boucharel, Sean Vitousek, Mohsen Taherkhani, Peter Ruggiero
2025, Communications Earth & Environment (6)
Understanding waterline variability at seasonal to interannual timescales is crucial for predicting coastal responses to climate forcing. However, relationships between large-scale climate variability and coastal morphodynamics remain underexplored beyond intensively monitored sites. This study leverages a newly developed 25-year (1997–2022) satellite-derived waterline dataset along the North American West Coast. Our...
Understanding the evolution of scoria cone morphology using multivariate models
Gabor Kereszturi, Pablo Grosse, Melody Whitehead, Marie-Noëlle Guilbaud, Drew T. Downs, Rina Noguchi, Matthieu Kervyn
2025, Communications Earth & Environment (6)
Scoria cones are the most abundant type of volcano in the Solar System. They occur in every tectonic setting and often overlap with human populations, yet our ability to provide complete geochronology within volcanic fields remains limited. Appropriate geochronology underpins the reconstruction of size-frequency distribution and is a key input...
An empirical Green’s function approach for isolating directivity effects in earthquake ground-motion amplitudes
Grace Alexandra Parker, Annemarie S. Baltay Sundstrom, Evan Tyler Hirakawa
2025, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (115) 2336-2354
In this study, we apply an empirical Green’s function (eGf) method within a ground‐motion modeling framework to mitigate trade‐offs between source, path, and site effects. Many physical processes contribute to spatial variations in observed ground motions, including earthquake radiation pattern, directivity, variable path attenuation, and site effects. Current nonergodic ground‐motion...
Reevaluation of an adaptive management framework for invasive Grass Carp within Lake Erie
Justin Bopp, Kelly Filer Robinson, Lucas Nathan, Seth Herbst, Travis O. Brenden, Christine M. Mayer, John M. Dettmers
2025, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (154) 490-504
ObjectiveResponse efforts to control invasive species frequently require making decisions in the face of substantial uncertainty. Adaptive management, which emphasizes learning during the process of managing, can be useful in cases where uncertainty impedes the decision-making process. Here, we describe how technical and institutional learning led to reformulating decision-making elements,...
Dead giveaway: Rising mortality rates suggest effectiveness of Lake Erie grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) response
Kaitlen Lang, Christine M Mayer, Mark Richard Dufour, Song S. Qian, William D. Hintz, Patrick M. Kocovsky, Ryan Young, Matthew Ross Acre, Eric Weimer, Tammy L. Wilson, Chris M. Kemp, John M. Dettmers, Lucas Nathan, Ryan Brown
2025, Journal of Great Lakes Research (51)
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) are large, invasive fish that threaten Lake Erie’s economy and ecosystem. Incidental catches of grass carp have occurred since the 1980s in Lake Erie, while multi-day removal events were carried out in 2014 and 2017. To mitigate ecosystem impacts, a large-scale, multi-agency response to remove as many...
Ecological factors decouple Great Lakes fish mercury concentrations trends decadal declines in mercury emissions
Ryan F. Lepak, Joel C. Hoffman, Sarah E. Janssen, Michael T. Tate, Morgann B Gordon, Michael B. Mahon, Samantha L. Rumschlag, Christopher T. Yarnes, Brian A. Lennel, David P. Krabbenhoft, Jacob M. Ogorek, James P. Hurley
2025, Environmental Science and Technology (59) 11799-11808
Atmospheric mercury (Hg) deposition has been declining in North America but remains the dominant delivery mechanism to the Great Lakes. The Lakes are highly efficient at bioaccumulating methylmercury, making the fish excellent sentinels for tracking shifts in atmospheric Hg deposition. Invasive mussels have altered biogeochemical processes, prey populations and fish...
Paleomagnetic correlation of surface and subsurface basalt flows in the central and southwestern part of the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho
Mary Hodges, Allison R. Trcka, Duane E. Champion
2025, Scientific Investigations Report 2025-5020
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, used paleomagnetic data from 22 coreholes to construct 3 fence diagrams of subsurface basalt flows in the southern part of the Idaho National Laboratory. These diagrams provide comprehensive descriptions of the horizontal and vertical distribution of basalt flows...
Do Graviquakes exist?
L. Malagnini, Dreger D.., Thomas E. Parsons, G. Valensise, A. Michelini, G. De Natale
2025, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (115) 2073-2095
The “Graviquake” model, proposed in 2015 as an alternative to the elastic dislocation model, posits that normal faults are passive features dominated by coseismic gravitational collapse into a dilated crustal wedge, and that normal faulting is fundamentally distinct from strike‐slip and reverse faulting. Developed using finite‐element modeling before the 2016...
A multistate capture-recapture model to estimate reproduction of North Atlantic right whales
Daniel W. Linden, Richard M Pace III, Lance P. Garrison, Jeffrey A. Hostetler, Amy R. Knowlton, Veronique Lesage, Robert A. Williams, Michael C. Runge
2025, Endangered Species Research (57) 91-102
The recent steep decline of the endangered North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis can be attributed to high mortality combined with low reproduction. While the former is a clear result of anthropogenic activity, the latter involves more complexity. Evidence suggests that both short-term fluctuations in prey availability and long-term decline in health...
Global tracking of marine megafauna space use reveals how to achieve conservation targets
Ana M. M. Sequeira, Jorge P. Rodriguez, Sarah A. Marley, Hannah J. Calich, Mirjam van der Mheen, Michelle VanCompernolle, Lucy M. Arrowsmith, Lauren R. Peel, Nuno Queiroz, Marisa Vedor, Ivo da Costa, Gonzalo Mucientes, Ana Couto, Nicolas E. Humphries, Sara Abalo-Morla, Francisco J. Abascal, Debra L. Abercrombie, Katya Abrantes, F. Alberto Abreu-Grobois, André S. Afonso, Pedro Afonso, Heidi Ahonen, Susanne Åkesson, Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto, Russel D. Andrews, Frederic Angelier, Marina Antonopoulou, Javier A. Arata, Gonzalo Araujo, Randall Arauz, Jose Manuel Arcos, Igor Arregui, Haritz Arrizabalaga, Marie Auger-Methe, Steffen Bach, Fred Bailleul, Robin W. Baird, George H. Balazs, Susan G. Barco, Adam Barnett, Warren Baverstock, Alastair M. M. Baylis, Annalea Beard, Juan Bécares, Eduardo J. Belda, Ian Bell, Ashley Bennison, Scott R. Benson, Diego Bernal, Michael L. Berumen, Sandra Bessudo, Natalia P.A. Bezerra, Antonin V. Blaison, Gabriela S. Blanco, Barbara A. Block, Mark Bolton, Mark E. Bond, Ramón Bonfil, Camrin D. Braun, Annette C. Broderick, Michael de L. Brooke, Annabelle M.L. Brooks, Edward J. Brooks, Ignacio M. Bruno, Jennifer M. Burns, Michael E. Byrne, Steven E. Campana, Hamish A. Campbell, Richard A. Campbell, Aaron Carlisle, Ruth H. Carmichael, Gemma Carroll, Paolo Casale, Filipe R. Ceia, Demian D. Chapman, Taylor K. Chapple, Jean-Benoit Charrassin, Andre Chiaradia, John Chisholm, Christopher R. Clarke, Thomas A. Clay, Christophe Cleguer, Elizabeth Clingham, Eric E. G. Clua, Jesse E.M. Cochran, Rochelle Constantine, Robert W. Cooper, Estelle Crochelet, Michelle Cronin, Eduardo Cuevas, Kayla P. DaCosta, Laurent Dagorn, Ryan Daly, Randall W. Davis, Nico P. J. de Bruyn, Carlos Delgado-Trejo, Thomas Dellinger, Solène Derville, Stella Diamant, Andrew DiMatteo, Kara L. Dodge, Philip D. Doherty, Michael C. Double, Alistair D. M. Dove, Thomas K Doyle, Michael J. Drew, Lindsay L. Dubbs, Clinton A.J. Duffy, Peter H. Dutton, Ewan W.J. Edwards, Luke D. Einoder, Mark V. Erdmann, Eduardo Espinoza, Nicole Esteban, Ana Isabel Fagundes, Chris Feare, Steven H. Ferguson, Luciana C. Ferreira, Francesco Ferretti, John Filmalter, Brittany Finucci, G. Chris Fischer, Richard J. Fitzpatrick, Jorge Fontes, Angela Formia, Sabrina Fossette, Malcolm P. Francis, Ari S. Friedlaender, Miguel Furtado, Austin J. Gallagher, Claire Garrigue, Enrico Gennari, H. Grant Gilchrist, Brendan J. Godley, Simon D. Goldsworthy, Matthew Gollock, Victoria González Carman, W. James Grecian, Jonathan R. Green, Christophe Guinet, Johan Gustafson, Tristan L. Guttridge, Hector M. Guzman, Derek Hamer, Keith C. Hamer, Neil Hammerschlag, Mike O. Hammill, Luke Harman, Emma Harrison, Catherine E. Hart, A. Errol Harris, Gordon Hastie, Fabio H.V. Hazin, Matt Heard, Alex R. Hearn, Mads Peter Heide-Jorgensen, Leeann Henry, Robert William Henry III, Vicente Guzman Hernandez, Arturo E. Herrera, Mark A. Hindell, John C. Holdsworth, Bonnie J. Holmes, Lucy A. Howey, Edgar Mauricio Hoyos Padilla, Luis A. Huckstadt, Robert E. Hueter, Paulo H. Lara, Nigel E. Hussey, Charlie Huveneers, Kevin Hyland, Dylan T. Irion, David M.P. Jacoby, Audrey Jaeger, Mohammed Y. Jaidah, Mark Jessopp, Oliver J.D. Jewell, Ryan Johnson, Carl G. Jones, Ian D. Jonsen, Lance K.B. Jordan, Salvador J. Jorgensen, Akiko Kato, James T. Ketchum, Alexander S. Kitaysky, A. Peter Klimley, Alison A. Kock, Pieter Koen, Felipe Ladino Archila, Fernanda O. Lana, Jude V. Lane, Matthieu Le Corre, Mary-Anne Lea, Eliza H.K. Leat, Olivia A. Lee, J. Jacob Levenson, César P. Ley-Quiñonez, Fiona Llewellyn, Gwen Lockhart, Gustave G. Lopez, Milagros Lopez Mendilaharsu, Andrew D. Lowther, Paolo Luschi, Molly E. Lutcavage, Warrick S. Lyon, Bruno C.L. Macena, Alice I. Mackay, Christine A. Madden Hof, Mark L. Mallory, Jeffrey C. Mangel, Michael Manning, Kate L. Mansfield, David March, Adolfo Marco, Marianne Marcoux, David Acuña-Marrero, Helene Marsh, Heather Marshall, Bruce R Mate, Jaime D. McAllister, Rebecca L. McGuire, Jane McKenzie, Lachlan McLeay, Clive R. McMahon, Michelle Modest, John T Morris, Mônica M.C. Muelbert, Naveen Namboothri, Wallace J. Nichols, Malcolm A. C. Nicoll, Bradley M. Norman, Ken Norris, Erik Olsen, Steffen Oppel, Sabine Orlowski, Anthony M. Pagano, Brad Page, Vitor H. Paiva, Daniel M. Palacios, Yannis P. Papastamatiou, Denise M. Parker, Charitha B Pattiaratchi, Hoyt Peckham, Cesar R. Peñaherrera-Palma, Julian G. Pepperell, Richard A. Phillips, Simon J. Pierce, Stephen K. Pikesley, Nicolas J. Pilcher, Patrick Pinet, Matt Pinkerton, Enrico Pirotta, Virginie Plot, Abby Powell, Kevin D. Powers, Clare E.M. Prebble, Tiana J. Preston, Rui Prieto, Laura Prosdocimi, John L. Quinn, Lina Maria Quintero, Thierry Raclot, Iván Ramirez, Dení Ramírez-Macías, Jaime A. Ramos, Andrew J. Read, Rolf Ream, Alan F. Rees, Richard D. Reina, Ryan R. Reisinger, Ohiana Revuelta, Samantha D. Reynolds, Anthony J. Richardson, Leena Riekkola, Federico G. Riet-Sapriza, David P. Robinson, Patrick W. Robinson, Carlos F.D. Rocha, Tracey L. Rogers, Christoph A. Rohner, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Monica Ross, David R. L. Rowat, Kevin Ruhomaun, Paul M. Sagar, Melita A. Samoilys, Sonia Sanchez, Alejandra G. Sandoval-Lugo, Erik A.P. dos Santos, António M. Santos, Kylie L. Scales, Gail Schofield, Jayson M. Semmens, Edy Setyawan, Scott A. Shaffer, Kartik Shanker, Marcus Sheaves, George L. Shillinger, Mahmood S. Shivji, Abraham Sianipar, Janet R.D. Silk, Mónica A. Silva, Jolene Sim, Samantha J. Simpson, Gregory B. Skomal, David J. Slip, Malcolm J. Smale, German A. Soler, Marc Soria, Lara L. Sousa, Emily J. Southall, Jean-Claude Stahl, Kilian M. Stehfest, Jeremy T. Sterling, John D. Stevens, Guy M.W. Stevens, Joshua D. Stewart, Adhith Swaminathan, Akinori Takahashi, Vikash Tatayah, Jean-Baptiste Thiebot, Paul M. Thompson, Simon R. Thorrold, Michele Thums, Jesus Tomas, Leigh G. Torres, Alison Towner, Philip N. Trathan, John P. Tyminski, Ricardo Sagarminaga van Buiten, Robert P. van Dam, Frederic Vandeperre, Nuria Varo-Cruz, Jeremy J. Vaudo, Michel Vely, Stella Villegas-Amtmann, Cecile Vincent, David Waayers, Sarah Wanless, Yuuki Y. Watanabe, Cortney A. Watt, Sam B. Weber, Nicola Weber, Michael J. Weise, Linda Welch, Randall S. Wells, Jonathan M. Werry, Bradley M. Wetherbee, Timothy D. White, Scott D. Whiting, Andrea U. Whiting, Annelise Wiebkin, Barbara Wienecke, Natalie E. Wildermann, David N. Wiley, Alexis Will, Sean Williams, Marie Windstein, Saskia Wischnewski, Matthew J. Witt, Freya C. Womersley, Andrew G. Wood, Lucy J. Wright, José C. Xavier, Takashi Yamamoto, David J. Yurkowski, Patricia M. Zarate, Alan Zavala-Norzagaray, Alexandre N. Zerbini, Daniel P. Costa, Robert Harcourt, Mark G. Meekan, Graeme C. Hays, David W. Sims, Carlos M. Duarte, Víctor M. Eguíluz
2025, Science (388) 1086-1097
The recent Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) sets ambitious goals but no clear pathway for how zero loss of important biodiversity areas and halting human-induced extinction of threatened species will be achieved. We assembled a multi-taxa tracking dataset (11 million geopositions from 15,845 tracked individuals across 121 species) to provide...
