Submarine groundwater discharge creates cold‐water refugia that can mitigate exposure of heat stress in nearshore corals
Eric E. Grossman, Ferdinand K.J. Oberle, Curt D. Storlazzi
2025, Frontiers in Marine Science (12)
Coral reef mortality around the world is accelerating due to human activities and rising sea temperatures that cause bleaching, which is expected to become more frequent. Our ability to predict which corals will be most resilient, however, remains limited due to insufficient information characterizing nearshore temperature and habitat conditions. In...
Case study of deep learning image segmentation for the purposes of rapid 2D petrographic analysis in volcanic rocks
Brenna A. Halverson, Matthew W. Loewen, Hannah R. Dietterich, Alan Whittington
2025, Volcanica (8) 427-443
Automation using deep learning methods is a useful alternative to manual methods of petrographic segmentation, but often requires user familiarity with coding and/or algorithms. We examine the DragonflyTM program's deep learning tools for application by users with a variety of skill levels as a method for petrographic image segmentation. An...
UAS and high-resolution satellite imagery improve the accuracy of cheatgrass detection across an invaded Yellowstone landscape
Jason R. Kreitler, Joshua W. Von Nonn, Seth M. Munson, Alex C. Zaideman, Steven T. Bekedam, Ann Rodman, Miguel L. Villarreal
2025, Landscape Ecology (40)
ContextCheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) is a problem across the western United States, where it outcompetes and replaces native grass species, alters habitats, and increases the risk of wildfires. Cheatgrass greens up earlier in the growing season compared to native grasses, making it classifiable with multi-temporal and multi-spectral remote sensing.ObjectivesWe mapped cheatgrass...
Mechanisms influencing thermal refuges and territory occupancy by collared pikas during summer and winter
Lillian A. Harrison, Katherine S. Christie, Collette Brandt, Matthew Richard Falcy, Sophie L. Gilbert, Janet L. Rachlow
2025, Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research (57)
Collared pikas (Ochotona collaris) are cold adapted alpine lagomorphs of western Canada and Alaska, USA, that are vulnerable to direct and indirect effects of climate change. However, how and to what extent such changes influence persistence for this species is not well understood, particularly at fine spatial...
Thirty years of the U.S. National Land Cover Database: Impacts and future direction
Terry L. Sohl, Suming Jin, Jon Dewitz, James Wickham, Jesslyn F. Brown, Stephen Stehman, Nathaniel Herold, Karen Schleeweis, Heather J. Tollerud, Carol Deering
2025, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing (91) 647-659
The National Land Cover Database (NLCD), developed through the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium, was initiated 30 years ago and has continually provided critical, Landsat-based landcover and land-change information for the United States. Originally launched to address the lack of national-scale, moderate-resolution land-cover data, NLCD has evolved from the pioneering 1992...
Update to a management-focused population viability analysis for North Atlantic right whales
Daniel Linden, Michael C. Runge, J. A. Hostetler, Diane Borggaard, Lance Garrison, Amy R. Knowlton, Véronique Lesage, Robert A. Williams, Richard Pace III
2025, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE-337
We provide an update to the recently published population viability analysis for North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). The update includes improvements to the reproduction modeling and also shares additional context given evidence of reduced mortality indicated by recent population monitoring. Projections from the analysis are used to quantify simulated population...
Combining scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence to characterize shear zones at the Pogo gold deposit, Alaska
Katharina I. Pfaff, Filip Kasprowicz, Jonathan Saul Caine, William Benzel, Heather A. Lowers
2025, Conference Paper
This study employs a multi-method analytical approach to characterize the mineralogical, geochemical, and textural properties of fault rocks from the Pogo gold mine in the Yukon-Tanana Upland, central Alaska. Specifically, we examine cataclasites, to document the structural and geochemical evolution of shear zones and their associations with gold mineralization. To...
A systematic literature review of forecasting and predictive models of harmful algal blooms in flowing waters
Jennifer C. Murphy, Rebecca Michelle Gorney, Lisa Lucas, Jacob Aaron Zwart, Jennifer L. Graham
2025, Preprint
Occurrences of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in rivers challenge the belief that rivers are not susceptible to HABs because of their short residence times and fluctuating hydrology. Here we present a systematic literature review of predictive and forecasting models for HABs in flowing waters, including rivers, flowing in-stream reservoirs (e.g.,...
Disentangling the historical impacts of warming and fishing on exploited freshwater fish populations
Luoliang Xu, Holly Susan Embke, Christopher Free, Gretchen Hansen, Abigail J. Lynch, Craig P. Paukert, Nicholas Sievert, Olaf P. Jensen
2025, Science Advances (11)
Worldwide, exploited fish populations are increasingly affected by the combined effects of warming and fishing. Disentangling the relative effects of these factors is challenging yet crucial for designing management strategies. We used a temperature-dependent population dynamics model to assess the impacts of lake warming and fishing on 521 freshwater fish...
Long Term Resource Monitoring procedures—Aquatic vegetation monitoring
Danelle M. Larson, Eric Lund, Alicia M. Carhart, Seth Fopma, Stephanie Szura
2025, Techniques and Methods 2-A22
This standard operating procedure (SOP) manual describes the collection of standardized, long-term data for aquatic vegetation communities in selected study pools of the Upper Mississippi River System in the United States. The primary intent of the data collection is to assess the status and trends that aid in understanding the...
User’s guide for the National Hydrography Dataset Plus High Resolution (NHDPlus HR)
Richard B. Moore, Lucinda D. McKay, Alan H. Rea, Timothy R. Bondelid, Curtis V. Price, Thomas G. Dewald, Laura Hayes
2025, Scientific Investigations Report 2025-5031
The National Hydrography Dataset Plus High Resolution (NHDPlus HR) is a scalable hydrologic geospatial fabric or framework, built from (1) the High Resolution (1:24,000-scale or better) National Hydrography Dataset (NHD), (2) nationally complete Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD), and (3) 1/3-arc-second 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) digital elevation model (DEM) data (at...
Fluid inclusion constraints on the geometry of the magmatic plumbing system beneath Mauna Loa – Part I: Lavas and tephras
Penny E. Wieser, Sarah C. Shi, Matthew Gleeson, Berenise Rangel, Charlotte DeVitre, Alexander T. Bearden, Kendra J. Lynn, Marie Camille-Caumon
2025, Bulletin of Volcanology (87)
There are few petrological constraints on magma storage depths at Mauna Loa, Hawai‘i. Yet understanding the geometry of the magmatic plumbing system is critical for interpreting geophysical signals of unrest at this very high-threat volcano. We address this gap by examining CO₂-rich fluid inclusions (FI) in lava and tephra from...
Impact of a place-based role-playing exercise on student sense of classroom community and science identity in a hydrology class
Megan Plenge, Wayana Dolan, Alexa Tomlinson, Bryant Hutson, Tamlin Pavelsky
2025, Journal of Geoscience Education
Fostering a sense of classroom community in earth science classes supports students’ sense of belonging within the classroom and the broader scientific community, helping them build a sense of identity as a geoscientist. This study examines the effects of incorporating a 2-week, collaborative role-playing activity on sense of classroom community...
Estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) Prediction for Eagle Ford Shale using integrated datasets and artificial neural networks
C. Ozgen Karacan, Steven T. Anderson, Steven M. Cahan
2025, Energies (18)
The estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) is an important parameter for forecasting oil and gas production and informing decisions regarding field development strategies. In this study, we combined site-specific geologic, completion, and operational parameters with the predictive capabilities of machine learning (ML) models to predict EURs of the wells for the...
Unique thermal mixing patterns in Lake Ontario revealed by novel year-round observations of thermal stratification
Mathew Wells, Tim B. Johnson, Rylie Robinson, Jon Midwood, Yulu Shi, Sarah M. Larocque, Adam Eddie, Brian O’Malley, Kyle Morton, Dimitri Gorsky, Bruce Tufts
2025, Limnology and Oceanography (70) 3401-3416
Year-round records of thermal stratification in the Great Lakes are rare, and there are few observations of thermal stratification during winter. In this paper, we analyze temperature data from 13 temperature logger chains and from over 130 benthic acoustic receivers that were deployed across Lake Ontario for 2 yr. The...
Effects of beaver dams and ponds on water quality in urban streams of the Tualatin River Basin, northwestern Oregon
Cassandra D. Smith, Erin K. Leahy, Krista L. Jones, Stewart A. Rounds
2025, Scientific Investigations Report 2025-5039-D
Significant Findings American beavers (Castor canadensis) are native to the Pacific Northwest, and their populations have increased in many locations after being nearly removed by historical trapping. Beaver dams have well-documented effects on water quality in forested streams, but their effects on water quality in urban streams have not been well...
Effects of beaver dams and ponds on hydrologic and hydraulic responses of storm flows in urban streams of the Tualatin River Basin, northwestern Oregon
James S. White, Krista L. Jones, Stewart A. Rounds
2025, Scientific Investigations Report 2025-5039-B
Significant Findings American beaver (Castor canadensis) dams fundamentally alter stream hydraulics and hydrology by temporarily impounding water in stream channels. Water managers are interested in how this impoundment translates to changes in hydrograph dynamics, particularly regarding the magnitude and duration of high flows, the temporary storage of storm water, and the...
Stream network capacity to support beaver dams in the Tualatin River Basin, northwestern Oregon
James S. White, Cassandra D. Smith, Krista L. Jones, Stewart A. Rounds
2025, Scientific Investigations Report 2025-5039-A
Significant Findings Beaver dams can help streams connect to their floodplains. These floodplain connections can expand the range of available aquatic habitats and aid in the restoration of stream and floodplain function and processes. American beavers (Castor canadensis) occupy a wide variety of aquatic habitats; however, their ability to build dams,...
Beavers in the Tualatin River Basin, northwestern Oregon
Krista L. Jones, Cassandra D. Smith, editor(s)
2025, Scientific Investigations Report 2025-5039
Growing interest in beaver-assisted restoration in the Tualatin River Basin of northwestern Oregon motivated a series of studies by the U.S. Geological Survey to assess the capacity of the stream network to support beaver dams and to evaluate the effects of beaver dams and ponds on urban streams. This multichapter...
Rebuilding a volcano one lava flow at a time—Visualizing the lava dome-building eruption in the crater of Mount St. Helens, 1982–1986
Joseph A. Bard, Christina M. Friedle, Lorie Bartee, Brett C. Dierker, Joseph M. Ganick, Nichola M. Gregory, Kenton R. Hill, Jude G. Klug, Aerial Kruger, Dawson T. Mooney, Reun T. Morrison, Isa I. Rojas, Phil Rollo, Shawn A. Stanton, Bre Stewart, Blair E. Stuhlmuller, Adam D. Zyla
2025, General Information Product 262
Between 1980 and 1986, the U.S. Geological Survey made a series of 1:2,000-scale topographic contour maps from aerial photographic surveys to monitor the eruption. These maps were made for operational purposes and were not intended for publication. Since then, advances in technology made it possible to digitize the original, highly...
Petrogenesis and mineralization potential of spinifex komatiitic basalts in the Bradley Peak greenstone terrane, Wyoming Province
Lisa Joanne Zieman, Michael Jenkins, Jacob Evan Poletti
2025, Precambrian Research (430)
Komatiitic volcanic rocks are important hosts of Ni sulfide mineralization and record early Earth evolution; however, those in the well-studied Archean Wyoming Province have received little attention. Here, we elucidate the timing and petrogenesis of the Bradley Peak komatiitic volcanic rocks using field and textural observations, geochronology, and geochemistry. Detrital...
Hot stops, cool looks: Aesthetic solutions for thermal comfort at transit stops
Logan Steinharter, Peter Christian Ibsen, Tzeng Yih Lam, Lorien Nesbit, Keunhyun Park, Melissa R. McHale
2025, Urban Climate (64)
Increased urban heat intensifies thermal discomfort, particularly in critical public spaces such as transit stops. This study investigated the predictors of transit users' thermal perceptions in Denver, Colorado—a semi-arid city. Sixty bus stops spanning a gradient of land cover compositions were selected for study. Micrometeorological data, including thermal comfort indices,...
Multidecadal change in pesticide concentrations relative to human health benchmarks in the Nation’s groundwater
Sarah M. Stackpoole, Bruce D. Lindsey, Cee S. Nell
2025, Scientific Investigations Report 2025-5081
Groundwater-quality trend assessments identify aquifers that are responding to changes in pesticide use and the compounds that may pose a threat to water availability. The U.S. Geological Survey has been monitoring pesticide concentrations in groundwater for 25 principal aquifers across the conterminous United States since 1993. The groundwater well locations...
Season, wind speed, and seasonal rain are major drivers of a regional aeolian sediment transport model
Andrew Kulmatiski, Mehmet Ozturk, Kelvyn K. Bladen, Janice Brahney, Michael C. Duniway
2025, PLoS ONE (20)
Wind erosion and sediment transport continue to increase in many parts of the world, leading to decreased soil quality, accelerated snow-melt, respiratory diseases, and traffic accidents. The processes that control sediment transport are well understood at small scales of mm to m but are less well understood at larger scales...
Validation of gridded precipitation datasets for flood-typing in select conterminous U.S. basins
Michelle M. Irizarry-Ortiz, Sarah Yvette Murphy
2025, Journal of Hydrologic Engineering (30)
Gridded precipitation datasets are required for flood-typing historical annual peak streamflow events in basins across the Conterminous United States. Selected gridded precipitation datasets were validated over the period 1981–2013 through comparisons with gage data from the NOAA Global Historical Climatology Network daily (GHCNd). The ability of each gridded dataset to...
