Snow and ice in a changing hydrological world
M. F. Meier
1983, Hydrological Sciences Journal (28) 3-22
On the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, the 100th and 50th anniversaries of the First and Second International Polar Years, and the 25th anniversary of the International Geophysical Year, it seems appropriate to re-examine the world's water balance and the role of snow...
Calculation of amorphous silica solubilities at 25° to 300°C and apparent cation hydration numbers in aqueous salt solutions using the concept of effective density of water
Robert O. Fournier, Marshall L. Williams
1983, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (47) 587-596
The solubility of amorphous silica in aqueous salt solutions at 25° to 300°C can be calculated using information on its solubility in pure water and a model in which the activity of water in the salt solution is defined to equal the effective density. pe, of “free” water in that solution....
Approximate sampling distribution of the serial correlation coefficient for small samples
Gary D. Tasker
1983, Water Resources Research (19) 579-582
The probability density function for the sample serial correlation coefficient r can be approximated byf(r) = (β(½, ½(T + 1)))−1(1 − r2)½(T− 1)(1+ c2 − 2cr)−½(T), whereβ is the Beta function, T= n− 2, c = ρ − [(1 + ρ)/(n − 3)], n is the number of observations, and ρ is the population lag one serial correlation. This distribution is derived from...
SELECTED CHEMICAL ANALYSES AND GEOTHERMOMETRY OF HOT SPRING WATERS FROM THE CALABOZOS CALDERA, CENTRAL CHILE.
J. M. Thompson, A.L. Grunder, Wes Hildreth
1983, Conference Paper, Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council
Hot springs discharging from the active hydrothermal system associated with the Calabozos caldera, Chile, have measured orifice temperatures as high as 98. 5 degree C and calculated geothermometer temperatures as high as 250 degree C. Three types of spring waters can be identified from the chemical analyses: a Na-Cl type,...
The contribution of humic substances to the acidity of colored natural waters
B.G. Oliver, E.M. Thurman, Ronald L. Malcolm
1983, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (47) 2031-2035
An operationally defined carboxyl content of humic substances extracted from rivers, streams, lakes, wetlands, and groundwaters throughout the United States and Canada is reported. Despite the diversity of the samples, only small variations were observed in this humic carboxyl content. The dissociation behavior of two combined fulvic/humic acid extracts was...
The nature of carbon dioxide waters in Snaefellsnes, western Iceland
S. Arnorsson, I. Barnes
1983, Geothermics (12) 171-176
Over 20 occurrences of thermal and non-thermal waters rich in carbon dioxide are known in the Snaefellsnes Peninsula of western Iceland. On the basis of the thermal, chemical and isotopic characteristics of these waters, and hydrological considerations, it is concluded that they represent meteoric waters which have seeped to variable...
VLF electromagnetic investigations of the crater and central dome of Mount St. Helens, Washington
J.N. Towle
1983, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (19) 113-120
A very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic induction survey in the crater of Mount St. Helens has identified several electrically conductive structures that appear to be associated with thermal anomalies and ground water within the crater. The most interesting of these conductive structures lies beneath the central dome. It is probably...
Mine drainage and rock type influences on eastern Ohio stream water quality
D.R. Helsel
1983, Water Resources Bulletin (19) 881-887
Stream water during fair weather (base flow) is largely ground water discharge, which has been in contact with minerals of the underlying aquifer. Base flow water quality should therefore reflect aquifer mineralogy as well as upstream land use. Three upstream mining categories (unmined lands, abandoned coal mines, and reclaimed coal...
Kinetic analysis of strontium and potassium sorption onto sands and gravels in a natural channel
Kenneth E. Bencala, Alan P. Jackman, Vance C. Kennedy, Ronald J. Avanzino, Gary W. Zellweger
1983, Water Resources Research (19) 725-731
A kinetic, first-order mass transfer model was used to describe the sorption of strontium onto sand- and gravel-sized streambed sediments. Rate parameters, empirically determined for strontium, allowed for the prediction of potassium sorption with moderate success. The model parameters varied significantly with particle size. The sorption data were collected during...
Simulation of solute transport in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream with a kinetic mass transfer model for sorption
Kenneth E. Bencala
1983, Water Resources Research (19) 732-738
In natural channels there are often long periods of low flow during which solutes have repeated opportunity for contact with relatively immobile bed materials. Such conditions can exist in very small pool-and-riffle mountain streams. If a solute can sorb onto bed materials, then both hydrodynamic and chemical processes control solute...
Geophysical Logging in Carbonate Aquifers
L.M. MacCary
1983, Groundwater (21) 334-342
Some logging methods are inherently superior to others for the analysis of limestone and dolomite aquifers. Three such systems are the density, neutron, and acousticvelocity logs.Relative percentages of limestone and dolomite, average matrix (grain) densities of the rock mixtures, and porosity of the rock mass...
Paleohydraulic reconstruction of flash- flood peaks from boulder deposits in the Colorado Front Range
J. E. Costa
1983, Geological Society of America Bulletin (94) 986-1004
Nine watersheds in the Colorado Front Range with steep bedrock channels were used to test the accuracy of paleohydraulic reconstruction of large flash floods using boulder deposits. The nine basins consist of eight small ungauged basins ranging in size from 1.6 to 29...
Origin of concretionary Mn-Fe-oxides in stream sediments of Maine, U.S.A.
G.A. Nowlan, J. B. McHugh, T. D. Hessin
1983, Chemical Geology (38) 141-156
Studies of stream and sediment-pore waters largely explain the genesis of concretionary Mn-Fe-oxides in Maine. Waters of two small streams near Jackman, Maine, were studied in terms of pH, Eh, dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved Mn, total dissolved Fe, and ferrous and ferric Fe. Pyrite Creek has profuse concretions...
Birdseyes, fenestrae, shrinkage pores, and loferites: a reevaluation
E.A. Shinn
1983, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (53) 619-628
Birdseyes, birdseye limestone, fenestrae, fenestral fabric, shrinkage pores, and loferites are considered similar or synonymous when occurring in lime mudstone or syndepositional dolomite, especially in association with mudcracks and stromatolites. Compaction experiments indicate, however, that without early cementation, these vugs can be obliterated,...
River discharge controls phytoplankton dynamics in the northern San Francisco Bay estuary
J. E. Cloern, A.E. Alpine, B.E. Cole, R.L.J. Wong, J.F. Arthur, M.D. Ball
1983, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (16) 415-429
Phytoplankton dynamics in the upper reach of the northern San Francisco Bay estuary are usually characterized by low biomass dominated by microflagellates or freshwater diatoms in winter, and high biomass dominated by neritic diatoms in summer. During two successive years of very low river discharge (the drought of 1976-77), the...
Mechanical and chemical compaction in fine-grained shallow-water limestones
E.A. Shinn, D.M. Robbin
1983, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (53) 595-618
Artificial compaction of in-situ cores of sediments resulted in: 1) reduction of sediment thickness by 50 percent and more; 2) reduction of initial porosities of 65 to 75 percent to 35 to 45 percent; 3) creation of megascopic textures almost identical to many...
A review of distributed parameter groundwater management modeling methods
Steven M. Gorelick
1983, Water Resources Research (19) 305-319
Models which solve the governing groundwater flow or solute transport equations in conjunction with optimization techniques, such as linear and quadratic programing, are powerful aquifer management tools. Groundwater management models fall in two general categories: hydraulics or policy evaluation and water allocation. Groundwater hydraulic management models enable the determination of...
Asymptotic distribution of the maximum deficit with correlated, partially regulated outflows
Brent M. Troutman
1983, Water Resources Research (19) 104-108
The asymptotic distribution of the maximum accumulated deficit with partially regulated, Markov-dependent net outflows having a Bernoulli distribution is derived, and the distribution for independent, continuous outflows is presented. It is demonstrated that under partial regulation the maximum deficit behaves as log n, where n is the length of the series; this is...
Active submarine volcano sampled
B. Taylor
1983, Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS) (15) 148-149
On June 4, 1982, two full dredge hauls of fresh lava were recovered from the upper flanks of Kavachi submarine volcano, Solomon Islands, in the western Pacific Ocean, from the water depths of 1,200 and 2,700 feet. the shallower dredge site was within 0.5 mile of the active submarine vent...
Complexation of copper by aquatic humic substances from different environments
Diane M. McKnight, Gerald L. Feder, E. Michael Thurman, Robert L. Wershaw
1983, Science of the Total Environment (28) 65-76
The copper-complexing properties of aquatic humic substances isolated from eighteen different environments were characterized by potentiometric titration, using a cupric ion selective electrode. Potentiometric data were analyzed using FITEQL, a computer program for the determination of chemical equilibrium constants from experimental data. All the aquatic humic substances could be modelled...
[Book review] Ducks, geese and swans of North America
Gary L. Krapu
1983, The Auk (100) 246-248
This is the 3rd edition of the classic work "The Ducks, Geese and Swans of North America," which was first published in December 1942. The original edition was authored by Francis C. Kortright with color plates by T. M. Shortt. An authoritative reference on North American waterfowl for many years,...
Hydrologic and geomorphic studies of the Platte River basin
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
1983, Professional Paper 1277
The channels of the Platte River and its major tributaries, the South Platte and North Platte Rivers in Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska, have undergone major changes in hydrologic regime and morphology since about 1860, when the water resources of the basin began to be developed for agricultural, municipal, and industrial...
Ground water: a review.
J.D. Bredehoeft
1983, Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics (21) 760-765
There is growing documentation that a significant portion of the Nation's fresh ground water in the densely populated areas of the USA is contaminated. Because of the slow rates of ground-water movement, ground water once contaminated will remain so for decades, often longer. Cleanup of contaminated ground water is almost...
Isotopic studies of mariposite-bearing rocks from the south- central Mother Lode, California.
R. W. Kistler, F. C. W. Dodge, M.L. Silberman
1983, California Geology (36) 201-203
Gold-bearing vein formation in the Mother Lode belt of the study area apparently occurred during the Early Cretaceous between 127 and 108 m.y. B.P. The hydrothermal fluids that carried the gold precipitated quartz and mariposite at approx 320oC, similar to the T of precipitation of gold-bearing quartz veins in the...
Ground water in the northeast part of Twentynine Palms Marine Corps Base, Bagdad area, California
J. H. Koehler
1983, Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4053
The hydrologic characteristics of the Bagdad area, in the northeast part of Twentynine Palms Marine Corps Base, were investigated to determine the feasibility of obtaining a supply of ground water. Five test holes were drilled and three of these were completed with 6-inch casings. Ground water in the eastern part...
