SELECTED CHEMICAL ANALYSES AND GEOTHERMOMETRY OF HOT SPRING WATERS FROM THE CALABOZOS CALDERA, CENTRAL CHILE.
J. M. Thompson, A.L. Grunder, Wes Hildreth
1983, Conference Paper, Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council
Hot springs discharging from the active hydrothermal system associated with the Calabozos caldera, Chile, have measured orifice temperatures as high as 98. 5 degree C and calculated geothermometer temperatures as high as 250 degree C. Three types of spring waters can be identified from the chemical analyses: a Na-Cl type,...
Chemistry and microbiology of a sewage spill in South San Francisco Bay
J. E. Cloern, R.S. Oremland
1983, Estuaries (6) 399-406
During three weeks of September 1979, the breakdown of a waste treatment plant resulted in the discharge of a large volume (1.5×107m3) of primary-treated sewage into a tributary of South San Francisco Bay, California. Chemical and microbial changes occurred within the tributary as decomposition and nitrification depleted dissolved oxygen. Associated...
The nature of carbon dioxide waters in Snaefellsnes, western Iceland
S. Arnorsson, I. Barnes
1983, Geothermics (12) 171-176
Over 20 occurrences of thermal and non-thermal waters rich in carbon dioxide are known in the Snaefellsnes Peninsula of western Iceland. On the basis of the thermal, chemical and isotopic characteristics of these waters, and hydrological considerations, it is concluded that they represent meteoric waters which have seeped to variable...
Kinetic analysis of strontium and potassium sorption onto sands and gravels in a natural channel
Kenneth E. Bencala, Alan P. Jackman, Vance C. Kennedy, Ronald J. Avanzino, Gary W. Zellweger
1983, Water Resources Research (19) 725-731
A kinetic, first-order mass transfer model was used to describe the sorption of strontium onto sand- and gravel-sized streambed sediments. Rate parameters, empirically determined for strontium, allowed for the prediction of potassium sorption with moderate success. The model parameters varied significantly with particle size. The sorption data were collected during...
Simulation of solute transport in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream: A transient storage model
Kenneth E. Bencala, Roy A. Walters
1983, Water Resources Research (19) 718-724
The physical characteristics of mountain streams differ from the uniform and conceptually well- defined open channels for which the analysis of solute transport has been oriented in the past and is now well understood. These physical conditions significantly influence solute transport behavior, as demonstrated by a transient storage model simulation...
Ground water: a review.
J.D. Bredehoeft
1983, Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics (21) 760-765
There is growing documentation that a significant portion of the Nation's fresh ground water in the densely populated areas of the USA is contaminated. Because of the slow rates of ground-water movement, ground water once contaminated will remain so for decades, often longer. Cleanup of contaminated ground water is almost...
Mechanical and chemical compaction in fine-grained shallow-water limestones
E.A. Shinn, D.M. Robbin
1983, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (53) 595-618
Artificial compaction of in-situ cores of sediments resulted in: 1) reduction of sediment thickness by 50 percent and more; 2) reduction of initial porosities of 65 to 75 percent to 35 to 45 percent; 3) creation of megascopic textures almost identical to many...
Asymptotic distribution of the maximum deficit with correlated, partially regulated outflows
Brent M. Troutman
1983, Water Resources Research (19) 104-108
The asymptotic distribution of the maximum accumulated deficit with partially regulated, Markov-dependent net outflows having a Bernoulli distribution is derived, and the distribution for independent, continuous outflows is presented. It is demonstrated that under partial regulation the maximum deficit behaves as log n, where n is the length of the series; this is...
A method of calculating quartz solubilities in aqueous sodium chloride solutions
R.O. Fournier
1983, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (47) 579-586
The aqueous silica species that form when quartz dissolves in water or saline solutions are hydrated. Therefore, the amount of quartz that will dissolve at a given temperature is influenced by the prevailing activity of water. Using a standard state in which there are 1,000 g of water (55.51 moles)...
Estimation of groundwater recharge parameters by time series analysis
Richard L. Naff, Allan L. Gutjahr
1983, Water Resources Research (19) 1531-1546
A model is proposed that relates water level fluctuations in a Dupuit aquifer to effective precipitaton at the top of the unsaturated zone. Effective precipitation, defined herein as that portion of precipitation which becomes recharge, is related to precipitation measured in a nearby gage by a two-parameter function. A second-order...
Role of fluid mixing and fault-related sulfide in the origin of the Ray Point uranium district, south Texas
M. B. Goldhaber, R. L. Reynolds, R. O. Rye
1983, Economic Geology (78) 1043-1063
The Lamprecht and Felder deposits are roll-type deposits hosted by the Miocene Oakville Sandstone. Four distinct stages of FeS 2 mineral formation are recognized: (1) a generation of isotopically light (delta 34 S < -20 per mil) preore pyrite, (2) a generation of isotopically light (delta 34 S < -20 per mil) marcasite that formed mostly...
National Water‐Use Information Program
W.B. Mann IV, J.E. Moore, E.B. Chase
1983, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management (109) 186-194
The US National Water-Use Information Program is a cooperative program between the states and the Federal Government. The purpose of the program is to determine how much fresh and saline surface water and ground water is withdrawn and for what purpose, how much water is consumed during use, and how...
Faulting arrested by control of ground-water withdrawal in Houston, Texas
T. Holzer, R.K. Gabrysch, E.R. Verbeek
1983, Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS) (15) 204-209
More than 86 historically active faults with an aggregate length of 150 miles have been identified within and adjacent to the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area. Although scarps of these faults grow gradually and without causing damaging earthquakes, historical fault offset has cost millions of dollars in damage to houses and...
A review of distributed parameter groundwater management modeling methods
Steven M. Gorelick
1983, Water Resources Research (19) 305-319
Models which solve the governing groundwater flow or solute transport equations in conjunction with optimization techniques, such as linear and quadratic programing, are powerful aquifer management tools. Groundwater management models fall in two general categories: hydraulics or policy evaluation and water allocation. Groundwater hydraulic management models enable the determination of...
Automated determination of bromide in waters by ion chromatography with an amperometric detector
G. S. Pyen, D. E. Erdmann
1983, Analytica Chimica Acta (149) 355-358
An automated ion chromatograph, including a program controller, an automatic sampler, an integrator, and an amperometric detector, was used to develop a procedure for the determination of bromide in rain water and many ground waters. Approximately 10 min is required to obtain a chromatogram. The detection limit for bromide is...
SHALLOW HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM AT NEWBERRY VOLCANO, OREGON: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL.
Edward A. Sammel
1983, Conference Paper, Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council
Investigations at Newberry Volcano, Oregon, have resulted in a satisfactory account of the shallow hydrothermal system, but have not indicated the nature of a possible geothermal reservoir. Hot springs in the caldera probably represent the return of circulating meteoric water, warmed at shallow depths by high conductive heat flow and...
Birdseyes, fenestrae, shrinkage pores, and loferites: a reevaluation
E.A. Shinn
1983, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (53) 619-628
Birdseyes, birdseye limestone, fenestrae, fenestral fabric, shrinkage pores, and loferites are considered similar or synonymous when occurring in lime mudstone or syndepositional dolomite, especially in association with mudcracks and stromatolites. Compaction experiments indicate, however, that without early cementation, these vugs can be obliterated,...
Geophysical Logging in Carbonate Aquifers
L.M. MacCary
1983, Groundwater (21) 334-342
Some logging methods are inherently superior to others for the analysis of limestone and dolomite aquifers. Three such systems are the density, neutron, and acousticvelocity logs.Relative percentages of limestone and dolomite, average matrix (grain) densities of the rock mixtures, and porosity of the rock mass...
Simulation of solute transport in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream with a kinetic mass transfer model for sorption
Kenneth E. Bencala
1983, Water Resources Research (19) 732-738
In natural channels there are often long periods of low flow during which solutes have repeated opportunity for contact with relatively immobile bed materials. Such conditions can exist in very small pool-and-riffle mountain streams. If a solute can sorb onto bed materials, then both hydrodynamic and chemical processes control solute...
Process and rate of dedolomitization: Mass transfer and C14 dating in a regional carbonate aquifer
W. Back, B.B. Hanshaw, Niel Plummer, P.H. Rahn, C.T. Rightmire, M. Rubin
1983, Geological Society of America Bulletin (94) 1415-1429
Regional dedolomitization is the major process that controls the chemical character of water in the Mississippian Pahasapa Limestone (Madison equivalent) surrounding the Black Hills, South Dakota and Wyoming. The process of dedolomitization consists of dolomite dissolution and concurrent precipitation of calcite; it is...
Mine drainage and rock type influences on eastern Ohio stream water quality
D.R. Helsel
1983, Water Resources Bulletin (19) 881-887
Stream water during fair weather (base flow) is largely ground water discharge, which has been in contact with minerals of the underlying aquifer. Base flow water quality should therefore reflect aquifer mineralogy as well as upstream land use. Three upstream mining categories (unmined lands, abandoned coal mines, and reclaimed coal...
Lake phosphorus loading form septic systems by seasonally perched groundwater
R. J. Gilliom, C.R. Patmont
1983, Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation (55) 1297-1305
The movement of effluent phosphorus (P) from old septic systems by seasonally perched groundwater was investigated. A previous study indicated a correlation between P loadings and the presence of old homes. Water samples were taken from shallow wells installed 10 to 50 m downgradient from seven septic systems 20 to...
Atomic-absorption determination of mercury in geological materials by flame and carbon-rod atomisation after solvent extraction and using co-extracted silver as a matrix modifier
R. F. Sanzolone, T. T. Chao
1983, The Analyst (108) 58-63
Based on modifications and expansion of the original Tindall's solvent extraction flame atomic-absorption procedure, an atomic-absorption spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of mercury in geological materials. The sample is digested with nitric and hydrochloric acids in a boiling water-bath. The solution is made ammoniacal and potassium iodide...
Hydrologic and geomorphic studies of the Platte River basin
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
1983, Professional Paper 1277
The channels of the Platte River and its major tributaries, the South Platte and North Platte Rivers in Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska, have undergone major changes in hydrologic regime and morphology since about 1860, when the water resources of the basin began to be developed for agricultural, municipal, and industrial...
Altitude of the top of the Matawan Group-Magothy Formation, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York
Richard K. Krulikas, E. J. Koszalka, Thomas P. Doriski
1983, Open-File Report 83-137
The Magothy aquifer, with its irregular surface and deeply eroded buried valleys, has become the major source of fresh water in most of Suffolk Country. With the availability of recent data from deep wells and test holes, refinement of the surface-altitude contours has been possible and resulted in substantial revision...
