Joint analysis of refractions with surface waves: An inverse solution to the refraction-traveltime problem
J. Ivanov, R. D. Miller, J. Xia, D. Steeples, C.B. Park
2006, Geophysics (71)
We describe a possible solution to the inverse refraction-traveltime problem (IRTP) that reduces the range of possible solutions (nonuniqueness). This approach uses a reference model, derived from surface-wave shear-wave velocity estimates, as a constraint. The application of the joint analysis of refractions with surface waves (JARS) method provided a more...
Leg 197 synthesis: Southward motion and geochemical variability of the Hawaiian hotspot
Robert A. Duncan, John A. Tarduno, David W. Scholl
Robert A. Duncan, John A. Tarduno, Thomas A. Davies, David W. Scholl, editor(s)
2006, Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results (197)
The bend in the Hawaiian-Emperor volcanic chain is an often-cited example of a change in plate motion with respect to a stationary hotspot. Growing evidence, however, suggests that the bend might instead record variable drift of the Hawaiian hotspot within a convecting mantle. Paleomagnetic and radiometric age data from samples...
Linear adsorption of nonionic organic compounds from water onto hydrophilic minerals: Silica and alumina
Y.-H. Su, Y.-G. Zhu, G. Sheng, C. T. Chiou
2006, Environmental Science & Technology (40) 6949-6954
To characterize the linear adsorption phenomena in aqueous nonionic organic solute−mineral systems, the adsorption isotherms of some low-molecular-weight nonpolar nonionic solutes (1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, lindane, phenanthrene, and pyrene) and polar nonionic solutes (1,3-dinitrobenzene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene) from single- and binary-solute solutions on hydrophilic silica and alumina were established. Toward this...
Use of thermodynamic sorption models to derive radionuclide Kd values for performance assessment: Selected results and recommendations of the NEA sorption project
M. Ochs, J.A. Davis, M. Olin, T.E. Payne, C.J. Tweed, M.M. Askarieh, S. Altmann
2006, Conference Paper, Radiochimica Acta
For the safe final disposal and/or long-term storage of radioactive wastes, deep or near-surface underground repositories are being considered world-wide. A central safety feature is the prevention, or sufficient retardation, of radionuclide (RN) migration to the biosphere. To this end, radionuclide sorption is one of the most important processes. Decreasing...
Old-growth forests can accumulate carbon in soils
G. Zhou, S. Liu, Z. Li, Dongxiao Zhang, X. Tang, C. Zhou, J. Yan, J. Mo
2006, Science (314) 1417-1417
Old-growth forests have traditionally been considered negligible as carbon sinks because carbon uptake has been thought to be balanced by respiration. We show that the top 20-centimeter soil layer in preserved old-growth forests in southern China accumulated atmospheric carbon at...
Testing the junk-food hypothesis on marine birds: Effects of prey type on growth and development
Marc D. Romano, John F. Piatt, D.D. Roby
2006, Waterbirds (29) 407-414
The junk-food hypothesis attributes declines in productivity of marine birds and mammals to changes in the species of prey they consume and corresponding differences in nutritional quality of those prey. To test this hypothesis nestling Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and Tufted Puffins (Fratercula cirrhata) were raised in captivity under controlled...
Mineralogy and petrology of comet 81P/wild 2 nucleus samples
M.E. Zolensky, T.J. Zega, H. Yano, S. Wirick, A.J. Westphal, M.K. Weisberg, I. Weber, J.L. Warren, M.A. Velbel, A. Tsuchiyama, P. Tsou, A. Toppani, N. Tomioka, K. Tomeoka, N. Teslich, M. Taheri, J. Susini, R. Stroud, T. Stephan, F.J. Stadermann, C.J. Snead, S.B. Simon, A. Simionovici, T.H. See, F. Robert, F.J.M. Rietmeijer, W. Rao, M.C. Perronnet, D.A. Papanastassiou, K. Okudaira, K. Ohsumi, I. Ohnishi, K. Nakamura-Messenger, T. Nakamura, S. Mostefaoui, T. Mikouchi, A. Meibom, G. Matrajt, M.A. Marcus, H. Leroux, L. Lemelle, L. Le, A. Lanzirotti, F. Langenhorst, A.N. Krot, L.P. Keller, A.T. Kearsley, D. Joswiak, D. Jacob, H. Ishii, R. Harvey, K. Hagiya, L. Grossman, J.H. Grossman, G.A. Graham, M. Gounalle, P. Gillet, M.J. Genge, G. Flynn, T. Ferroir, S. Fallon, D.S. Ebel, Z.R. Dai, P. Cordier, B. Clark, M. Chi, Anna L. Butterworth, D.E. Brownlee, J.C. Bridges, S. Brennan, A. Brearley, J.P. Bradley, P. Bleuet, P.A. Bland, R. Bastien
2006, Science (314) 1735-1739
The bulk of the comet 81P/Wild 2 (hereafter Wild 2) samples returned to Earth by the Stardust spacecraft appear to be weakly constructed mixtures of nanometer-scale grains, with occasional much larger (over 1 micrometer) ferromagnesian silicates, Fe-Ni sulfides, Fe-Ni metal, and accessory phases. The very wide range of olivine and...
Differences between near-surface equivalent temperature and temperature trends for the Eastern United States. Equivalent temperature as an alternative measure of heat content
C.A. Davey, R.A. Pielke Sr., K. P. Gallo
2006, Global and Planetary Change (54) 19-32
There is currently much attention being given to the observed increase in near-surface air temperatures during the last century. The proper investigation of heating trends, however, requires that we include surface heat content to monitor this aspect of the climate system. Changes in heat content of the Earth's climate are...
The hydrology of northern peatlands as affected by biogenic gas: Current developments and research needs
D.O. Rosenberry, P.H. Glaser, D. I. Siegel
2006, Hydrological Processes (20) 3601-3610
Recent research indicates that accumulation and release of biogenic gas from northern peatlands may substantially affect future climate. Sudden release of free-phase gas bubbles into the atmosphere may preclude the conversion of methane to carbon dioxide in the uppermost oxic layer of the peat, resulting in greater contribution of methane...
Influence of beaver activity on summer growth and condition of age-2 Atlantic salmon parr
Douglas B. Sigourney, B.H. Letcher, R.A. Cunjak
2006, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (135) 1068-1075
The activity of beavers Castor canadensis in freshwater environments can have considerable localized impacts on the physical and biological components of riparian ecosystems. By changing the habitat of a stream, beaver dams can cause spatial variation in growth opportunity that may have direct consequences for the growth of resident fish....
Survival of adult female elk in yellowstone following wolf restoration
S.B. Evans, L.D. Mech, P.J. White, G.A. Sargeant
2006, Journal of Wildlife Management (70) 1372-1378
Counts of northern Yellowstone elk (Cervus elaphus) in northwestern Wyoming and adjacent Montana, USA, have decreased at an average rate of 6-8% per year since wolves (Canis lupus) were reintroduced in 1995. Population growth rates of elk are typically sensitive to variations in adult female survival; populations that are stable...
Effects of watershed-scale land use change on stream nitrate concentrations
K. E. Schilling, J. Spooner
2006, Journal of Environmental Quality (35) 2132-2145
The Walnut Creek Watershed Monitoring Project was conducted from 1995 through 2005 to evaluate the response of stream nitrate concentrations to changing land use patterns in paired 5000-ha Iowa watersheds. A large portion of the Walnut Creek watershed is being converted from row crop agriculture to native prairie and savanna...
Spatial and temporal patterns of wildfires in the Mojave Desert, 1980-2004
M.L. Brooks, J.R. Matchett
2006, Journal of Arid Environments (67) 148-164
Fire has been historically infrequent in the Mojave Desert, and its increased prevalence caused by the invasion of non-native annual grasses is a major concern for land managers there. The most dramatic changes have occurred in middle elevation shrublands dominated by creosotebush (Larrea tridentata), Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia), and/or blackbrush...
Translating CFC-based piston ages into probability density functions of ground-water age in karst
Andrew J. Long, L.D. Putnam
2006, Journal of Hydrology (330) 735-747
Temporal age distributions are equivalent to probability density functions (PDFs) of transit time. The type and shape of a PDF provides important information related to ground-water mixing at the well or spring and the complex nature of flow networks in karst aquifers. Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) concentrations measured for samples from 12...
Radiometric calibration stability of the EO-1 advanced land imager: 5 years on-orbit
B. L. Markham, L. Ong, J. A. Barsi, J. A. Mendenhall, D. E. Lencioni, D. L. Helder, D. M. Hollaren, R. Morfitt
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
The Advanced Land Imager (ALI) was developed as a prototype sensor for follow on missions to Landsat-7. It was launched in November 2000 on the Earth Observing One (EO-1) satellite as a nominal one-year technology demonstration mission. As of this writing, the sensor has continued to operate in excess of...
Sampling blood from big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in the field with and without anesthesia: Impacts on survival
L.E. Ellison, T. J. O'Shea, J. Wimsatt, R.D. Pearce, D.J. Neubaum, M.A. Neubaum, R. A. Bowen
2006, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (42) 849-852
Blood was collected from wild big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) with and without anesthesia in Fort Collins, Colorado in 2004 to assess the impacts of these procedures on short-term survival and 1-yr return rates. Short-term survival and 1-yr return rates after release were passively monitored using PIT tag detection hoops...
Real-time seismic monitoring of the integrated cape girardeau bridge array and recorded earthquake response
M. Çelebi
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the Structures Congress and Exposition
This paper introduces the state of the art, real-time and broad-band seismic monitoring network implemented for the 1206 m [3956 ft] long, cable-stayed Bill Emerson Memorial Bridge in Cape Girardeau (MO), a new Mississippi River crossing, approximately 80 km from the epicentral region of the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes. The...
Do migratory flight paths of raptors follow constant geographical or geomagnetic courses?
K. Thorup, M. Fuller, T. Alerstam, M. Hake, N. Kjellen, R. Strandberg
2006, Animal Behaviour (72) 875-880
We tested whether routes of raptors migrating over areas with homogeneous topography follow constant geomagnetic courses more or less closely than constant geographical courses. We analysed the routes taken over land of 45 individual raptors tracked by satellite-based radiotelemetry: 25 peregrine falcons, Falco peregrinus, on autumn migration between North and...
Quantitative analysis of scale of aeromagnetic data raises questions about geologic-map scale
V. Nykanen, G. L. Raines
2006, Natural Resources Research (15) 213-222
A recently published study has shown that small-scale geologic map data can reproduce mineral assessments made with considerably larger scale data. This result contradicts conventional wisdom about the importance of scale in mineral exploration, at least for regional studies. In order to formally investigate aspects of scale, a weights-of-evidence analysis...
Precipitation induced stream flow: An event based chemical and isotopic study of a small stream in the Great Plains region of the USA
M.V. Machavaram, Donald O. Whittemore, M.E. Conrad, N.L. Miller
2006, Journal of Hydrology (330) 470-480
A small stream in the Great Plains of USA was sampled to understand the streamflow components following intense precipitation and the influence of water storage structures in the drainage basin. Precipitation, stream, ponds, ground-water and soil moisture were sampled for determination of isotopic (D, 18O) and chemical (Cl, SO4) composition...
Size dimorphism, molt status, and body mass variation of Prairie Falcons nesting in the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area
Karen Steenhof, James O. McKinley
2006, Journal of Raptor Research (40) 71-75
Birds face challenges in how they allocate energy during the reproductive season. Most temperate zone species do not breed and molt at the same time, presumably because of the high energy demands of these two activities (Espie et al. 1996 and citations therein). However, representatives of at least four raptor...
Comet 81P/wild 2 under a microscope
D. Brownlee, P. Tsou, J. Aleon, Alexander C. M. O’D C. M., T. Araki, S. Bajt, G.A. Baratta, R. Bastien, P. Bland, P. Bleuet, J. Borg, J.P. Bradley, A. Brearley, F. Brenker, S. Brennan, J.C. Bridges, N.D. Browning, J.R. Brucato, E. Bullock, M.J. Burchell, H. Busemann, Anna L. Butterworth, M. Chaussidon, A. Cheuvront, M. Chi, M.J. Cintala, B. C. Clark, S.J. Clemett, G. Cody, L. Colangeli, G. Cooper, P. Cordier, C. Daghlian, Z. Dai, L. D’Hendecourt, Z. Djouadi, G. Dominguez, T. Duxbury, J.P. Dworkin, D.S. Ebel, T.E. Economou, S. Fakra, S.A.J. Fairey, S. Fallon, G. Ferrini, T. Ferroir, H. Fleckenstein, C. Floss, G. Flynn, I.A. Franchi, M. Fries, Z. Gainsforth, J.-P. Gallien, M. Genge, M.K. Gilles, P. Gillet, J. Gilmour, D.P. Glavin, M. Gounelle, Monica M. Grady, G.A. Graham, P.G. Grant, S.F. Green, F. Grossemy, L. Grossman, J. N. Grossman, Y. Guan, K. Hagiya, R. Harvey, P. Heck, G.F. Herzog, P. Hoppe, F. Horz, J. Huth, I.D. Hutcheon, K. Ignatyev, H. Ishii, M. Ito, D. Jacob, C. Jacobsen, S. Jacobsen, S. Jones, D. Joswiak, A. Jurewicz, A.T. Kearsley, L.P. Keller, H. Khodja, A.L.D. Kilcoyne, J. Kissel, A. Krot, F. Langenhorst, A. Lanzirotti, L. Le, L.A. Leshin, J. Leitner, L. Lemelle, H. Leroux, M.-C. Liu, K. Luening, I. Lyon, G. MacPherson, M.A. Marcus, K. Marhas, B. Marty, G. Matrajt, K. McKeegan, A. Meibom, V. Mennella, K. Messenger, S. Messenger, T. Mikouchi, S. Mostefaoui, T. Nakamura, T. Nakano, M. Newville, L.R. Nittler, I. Ohnishi, K. Ohsumi, K. Okudaira, D.A. Papanastassiou, R. Palma, M.E. Palumbo, R. O. Pepin, D. Perkins, M. Perronnet, P. Pianetta, W. Rao, F.J.M. Rietmeijer, F. Robert, D. Rost, A. Rotundi, R. Ryan, S.A. Sandford, C.S. Schwandt, T.H. See, D. Schlutter, J. Sheffield-Parker, A. Simionovici, S. Simon, I. Sitnitsky, C.J. Snead, M. K. Spencer, F.J. Stadermann, A. Steele, T. Stephan
2006, Science (314) 1711-1716
The Stardust spacecraft collected thousands of particles from comet 81P/Wild 2 and returned them to Earth for laboratory study. The preliminary examination of these samples shows that the nonvolatile portion of the comet is an unequilibrated assortment of materials that have both presolar and solar system origin. The comet contains...
Effects of water additions, chemical amendments, and plants on in situ measures of nutrient bioavailability in calcareous soils of southeastern Utah, USA
M. E. Miller, J. Belnap, S.W. Beatty, B.L. Webb
2006, Plant and Soil (288) 19-29
We used ion-exchange resin bags to investigate effects of water additions, chemical amendments, and plant presence on in situ measures of nutrient bioavailability in conjunction with a study examining soil controls of ecosystem invasion by the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum L. At five dryland sites in southeastern Utah, USA,...
Determination of the platinum - Group elements (PGE) and gold (Au) in manganese nodule reference samples by nickel sulfide fire-assay and Te coprecipitation with ICP-MS
V. Balaram, R. Mathur, V.K. Banakar, J.R. Hein, C.R.M. Rao, Rao T. Gnaneswara, B. Dasaram
2006, Indian Journal of Marine Sciences (35) 7-16
Platinum group elements (PGE) and Au data in polymetallic oceanic ferromanganese nodule reference samples and crust samples obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), after separation and pre-concentration by nickel sulfide fire-assay and Te coprecipitation, are presented. By optimizing several critical parameters such as flux composition, matrix matching calibration,...
The potential roles of biological soil crusts in dryland hydrologic cycles
J. Belnap
2006, Hydrological Processes (20) 3159-3178
Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are the dominant living cover in many drylands of the world. They possess many features that can influence different aspects of local hydrologic cycles, including soil porosity, absorptivity, roughness, aggregate stability, texture, pore formation, and water retention. The influence of biological soil crusts on these factors...
