Sexual dimorphism of the internal mandibular chamber in Fayum Pliohyracidae (Mammalia)
de Blieux, M.R. Baumrind, E.L. Simons, P.S. Chatrath, G.E. Meyer, Y.S. Attia
2006, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (26) 160-169
An internal mandibular fenestra and chamber are found in many fossil hyracoids. The internal mandibular fenestra is located on the lingual surface of the mandibular corpus and opens into a chamber within the mandible. The mandibular chamber is maximally developed in late Eocene Thyrohyrax meyeri and early Oligocene Thyrohyrax domorictus...
Migration of the Pee Dee River system inferred from ancestral paleochannels underlying the South Carolina Grand Strand and Long Bay inner shelf
W. E. Baldwin, R.A. Morton, T.R. Putney, M.P. Katuna, M.S. Harris, P. T. Gayes, N. W. Driscoll, J. F. Denny, W. C. Schwab
2006, Geological Society of America Bulletin (118) 533-549
Several generations of the ancestral Pee Dee River system have been mapped beneath the South Carolina Grand Strand coastline and adjacent Long Bay inner shelf. Deep boreholes onshore and high-resolution seismic-reflection data offshore allow for reconstruction of these paleochannels, which formed during glacial lowstands, when the Pee Dee River system...
Extreme plasticity in thermoregulatory behaviors of free-ranging black-tailed prairie dogs
E.M. Lehmer, L.T. Savage, M.F. Antolin, E. Biggins
2006, Physiological and Biochemical Zoology (79) 454-467
In the natural environment, hibernating sciurids generally remain dormant during winter and enter numerous deep torpor bouts from the time of first immergence in fall until emergence in spring. In contrast, black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) remain active throughout winter but periodically enter short and shallow bouts of torpor. While...
State summaries: Illinois
Z. Lasemi, Donald G. Mikulic
2006, Mining Engineering (58) 86-90
According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), Illinois ranked third in the amount of crushed stone produced from underground mining operations. In 2004, Illinois produced more than 76.5 Mt of crushed stone and 38.7 Mt of sand-and-gravel. Preliminary data for 2005 showed an increase in the production of crushed...
Carbon dioxide emissions from vegetation-kill zones around the resurgent dome of Long Valley caldera, eastern California, USA
Deborah Bergfeld, William C. Evans, James F. Howle, Christopher D. Farrar
2006, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (152) 140-156
A survey of diffuse CO2 efflux, soil temperature and soil-gas chemistry over areas of localized vegetation-kill on and around the resurgent dome of Long Valley caldera California was performed to evaluate the premise that gaseous and thermal anomalies are related to renewed intrusion of magma....
Monitoring bird populations in small geographic areas
Erica H. Dunn, J. Bart, B.T. Collins, B. Craig, B. Dale, C.M. Downes, C.M. Francis, S. Woodley, P. Zorn
2006, Occasional Paper of the Canadian Wildlife Service 1-59
Numerous methods exist for monitoring bird populations, and there is a large literature describing them. There are few resources, however, that provide comprehensive advice on every step of organizing and carrying out a survey, from the early stages of planning to final use of the data. Even fewer resources are...
Scale effects of hydrostratigraphy and recharge zonation on base flow
P. F. Juckem, R. J. Hunt, Marilyn P. Anderson
2006, Ground Water (44) 362-370
Uncertainty regarding spatial variations of model parameters often results in the simplifying assumption that parameters are spatially uniform. However, spatial variability may be important in resource assessment and model calibration. In this paper, a methodology is presented for estimating a critical basin size, above which base flows appear to be...
Rare earths, the lanthanides, yttrium and scandium
J.B. Hedrick
2006, Mining Engineering (58) 51-53
In 2005, rare earths were not mined in the United States. The major supplier, Molycorp, continued to maintain a large stockpile of rare-earth concentrates and compounds. Consumption decreased of refined rare-earth products. The United States remained a major importer and exporter of rare earths in 2005. During the same period,...
Evaluation of gridded snow water equivalent and satellite snow cover products for mountain basins in a hydrologic model
K.A. Dressler, G.H. Leavesley, R.C. Bales, S.R. Fassnacht
2006, Conference Paper, Hydrological Processes
The USGS precipitation-runoff modelling system (PRMS) hydrologic model was used to evaluate experimental, gridded, 1 km2 snow-covered area (SCA) and snow water equivalent (SWE) products for two headwater basins within the Rio Grande (i.e. upper Rio Grande River basin) and Salt River (i.e. Black River basin) drainages in the southwestern...
Ground-water surface-water interactions and long-term change in riverine riparian vegetation in the southwestern United States
R. H. Webb, S. A. Leake
2006, Conference Paper, Journal of Hydrology
Riverine riparian vegetation has changed throughout the southwestern United States, prompting concern about losses of habitat and biodiversity. Woody riparian vegetation grows in a variety of geomorphic settings ranging from bedrock-lined channels to perennial streams crossing deep alluvium and is dependent on interaction between ground-water and surface-water resources. Historically, few...
The conservation and population status of the world's waders at the turn of the millennium
David A. Stroud, Andy Baker, D.E. Blanco, Nick C. Davidson, B. Ganter, Robert E. Gill Jr., P.M. Gonzalez, L. Haanstra, R. I. G. Morrison, Theunis Piersma, D. Scott, O. Thorup, R. West, J.L. Wilson, Christoph Zockler
Gerard C. Boere, Colin A. Galbraith, David A. Stroud, editor(s)
2006, Conference Paper, Waterbirds around the world: A global overview of the conservation, management, and research of the world's waterbird flyways
Using information from many sources, but especially data collated for the third edition of Wetlands International’s Waterbird Population Estimates, we review the status of the world’s waders in the late 1990s. There are widespread declines in most regions and biotopes caused principally by loss and degradation of wetland (and other)...
Nitrogen loads to estuaries from waste water plumes: Modeling and isotopic approaches
K.D. Kroeger, Marci L. Cole, J.K. York, I. Valiela
2006, Ground Water (44) 188-200
We developed, and applied in two sites, novel methods to measure ground water-borne nitrogen loads to receiving estuaries from plumes resulting from land disposal of waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. In addition, we quantified nitrogen losses from WWTP effluent during transport through watersheds. WWTP load to receiving water was...
Quantification of the effects of eustasy, subsidence, and sediment supply on Miocene sequences, mid-Atlantic margin of the United States
J.V. Browning, K.G. Miller, P.P. McLaughlin, M.A. Kominz, P. J. Sugarman, D. Monteverde, M.D. Feigenson, J.C. Hernandez
2006, Geological Society of America Bulletin (118) 567-588
We use backstripping to quantify the roles of variations in global sea level (eustasy), subsidence, and sediment supply on the development of the Miocene stratigraphic record of the mid-Atlantic continental margin of the United States (New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland). Eustasy is a primary influence on sequence patterns, determining the...
Petrography, palynology, and paleoecology of the Lower Pennsylvanian Bon Air coal, Franklin County, Cumberland Plateau, southeast Tennessee
S.A. Shaver, C.F. Eble, J.C. Hower, F.L. Saussy
2006, International Journal of Coal Geology (67) 17-46
Stratigraphy, palynology, petrography, and geochemistry of the Bon Air coal from the Armfield, Dotson, Rutledge, and Shakerag mine sites of Franklin County, Tennessee suggest that Bon Air seams at all sites were small (??? 1.0 mile, 1.6 km), spatially distinct paleomires that evolved from planar to domed within the fluviodeltaic...
Habitat preferences and intraspecific competition in black-footed ferrets
Dean E. Biggins, Jerry L. Godbey, Marc R. Matchett, Travis M. Livieri
2006, Conference Paper, Recovery of the black-footed ferret: Progress and continuing challenges- Proceedings of the Symposium on the Status of the Black-footed Ferret and Its Habitat, Fort Collins, Colorado, January 28-29, 2004 (Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5293)
We used radio-telemetry data (28,560 positional fixes) collected on 153 black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) to (1) reexamine the assumed obligate relationship of these ferrets to prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.), (2) investigate habitat preferences of ferrets at a small scale (1 year (P = 0.048). Also, preference was stronger for wild-born...
Guide to the identification of fish protozoan and metazoan parasites in stained tissue sections
D.W. Bruno, B. Nowak, D.G. Elliott
2006, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms (70) 1-36
The identification of protozoan and metazoan parasites is traditionally carried out using a series of classical keys based upon the morphology of the whole organism. However, in stained tissue sections prepared for light microscopy, taxonomic features will be missing, thus making parasite identification difficult. This work highlights the characteristic features...
Fault parameter constraints using relocated earthquakes: A validation of first-motion focal-mechanism data
Debi Kilb, J.L. Hardebeck
2006, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (96) 1140-1158
We estimate the strike and dip of three California fault segments (Calaveras, Sargent, and a portion of the San Andreas near San Jaun Bautistia) based on principle component analysis of accurately located microearthquakes. We compare these fault orientations with two different first-motion focal mechanism catalogs: the Northern California...
Geology-based planning and the aggregate industry - Perspectives from opposite sides of the globe
A.W. Stephens, W. H. Langer
2006, Mining Engineering (58) 63-68
In Australia and in the United States, encroachment by conflicting land uses, zoning restrictions and the "not-in-my-backyard" syndrome make it increasingly difficult to access high-quality aggregate resources located near their market areas. Attempts by government agencies in the United States to protect aggregate resources for future development have met with...
Distribution and abundance of elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata, and prevalence of white-band disease at Buck Island Reef National Monument, St. Croix, US Virgin Islands
P.A. Mayor, C.S. Rogers, Z.-M. Hillis-Starr
2006, Coral Reefs (25) 239-242
In the 1970s and 1980s elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata, declined dramatically throughout the Caribbean primarily due to white-band disease (WBD). In 2005, elkhorn coral was proposed for listing as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act. WBD was first documented at Buck Island Reef National Monument (BIRNM). Together with hurricanes...
Tree mortality from fire and bark beetles following early and late season prescribed fires in a Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest
Dylan W. Schwilk, Eric E. Knapp, Scott Ferrenberg, Jon E. Keeley, Anthony C. Caprio
2006, Forest Ecology and Management (232) 36-45
Over the last century, fire exclusion in the forests of the Sierra Nevada has allowed surface fuels to accumulate and has led to increased tree density. Stand composition has also been altered as shade tolerant tree species crowd out shade intolerant species. To restore forest structure and reduce the risk...
Episodic fresh surface waters in the Eocene Arctic Ocean
H. Brinkhuis, S. Schouten, M.E. Collinson, A. Sluijs, J.S.S. Damste, G.R. Dickens, M. Huber, T. M. Cronin, J. Onodera, K. Takahashi, J.P. Bujak, R. Stein, J. Van Der Burgh, J.S. Eldrett, I.C. Harding, A.F. Lotter, F. Sangiorgi, H.V.K.V. Cittert, J. W. De Leeuw, J. Matthiessen, J. Backman, K. Moran
2006, Nature (441) 606-609
It has been suggested, on the basis of modern hydrology and fully coupled palaeoclimate simulations, that the warm greenhouse conditions that characterized the early Palaeogene period (55-45 Myr ago) probably induced an intensified hydrological cycle with precipitation exceeding evaporation at high latitudes. Little field evidence, however, has been available to...
Interferometric synthetic aperture radar: Building tomorrow's tools today
Zhong Lu
2006, Alaska Satellite Facility News and Notes (15) 12-14
A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system transmits electromagnetic (EM) waves at a wavelength that can range from a few millimeters to tens of centimeters. The radar wave propagates through the atmosphere and interacts with the Earth’s surface. Part of the energy is reflected back to the SAR system and recorded....
Blood lead levels of wild Steller's eiders (Polysticta stelleri) and black scoters (Melanitta nigra) in Alaska using a portable blood lead analyzer
Corrine S. Brown, Joanne Luebbert, Daniel M. Mulcahy, Jason L. Schamber, Daniel H. Rosenberg
2006, Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine (37) 361-365
Sea duck populations are declining in Alaska. The reasons for the decline are not known; environmental lead exposure is one suspected cause. Thirty wild Steller's eider ducks (Polysticta stelleri) and 40 wild black scoter ducks (Melanitta nigra) were tested for blood lead levels using a portable blood lead analyzer (LeadCare;...
Quantifying surface water–groundwater interactions using time series analysis of streambed thermal records: Method development
Christine E Hatch, Andrew T. Fisher, Justin S. Revenaugh, Jim Constantz, Chris Ruehl
2006, Water Resources Research (42)
We present a method for determining streambed seepage rates using time series thermal data. The new method is based on quantifying changes in phase and amplitude of temperature variations between pairs of subsurface sensors. For a reasonable range of streambed thermal properties and sensor spacings the time series method should...
Diatom diversity in chronically versus episodically acidified adirondack streams
S.I. Passy, I. Ciugulea, G.B. Lawrence
2006, International Review of Hydrobiology (91) 594-608
The relationship between algal species richness and diversity, and pH is controversial. Furthermore, it is still unknown how episodic stream acidification following atmospheric deposition affects species richness and diversity. Here we analyzed water chemistry and diatom epiphyton dynamics and showed their contrasting behavior in chronically vs. episodically acidic streams in...
