From pools to flow: The PROMISE framework for new insights on soil carbon cycling in a changing world
Bonnie G. Waring, Benjamin N. Sulman, Sasha C. Reed, A. Peyton Smith, Colin Averill, Courtney Creamer, Daniela F. Cusack, Steven J. Hall, Julie Jastrow, Kenneth M. Kemner, Markus Kleber, Xiao-Jun Allen Liu, Jennifer Pett-Ridge, Marjorie S. Schulz
2020, Global Change Biology (26) 6631-6643
Soils represent the largest terrestrial reservoir of organic carbon, and the balance between soil organic carbon (SOC) formation and loss will drive powerful carbon‐climate feedbacks over the coming century. To date, efforts to predict SOC dynamics have rested on pool‐based models, which assume classes of SOC with internally homogenous physicochemical...
Delineation of flood-inundation areas in Grapevine Canyon near Scotty’s Castle, Death Valley National Park, California
Christopher M. Morris, Toby L. Welborn, J. Toby Minear
2020, Scientific Investigations Report 2020-5082
On October 18, 2015, a large flood caused considerable damage in Grapevine Canyon near Death Valley Scotty Historic District, in Death Valley National Park, California. Significant channel changes had limited the applicability of previously created flood-inundation maps to current conditions. Predicted flood-inundation maps for Scotty’s Castle were updated using one-dimensional...
A comparison of the CMIP6 midHolocene and lig127k simulations in CESM2
Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Esther C. Brady, Robert A Tomas, Samuel Albani, Patrick J. Bartlein, Natalie M Mahowald, Sarah Shafer, Erik Kluzek, Peter J Lawrence, Gunter Leguy, Matthew Rothstein, Aleah Sommers
2020, Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology (35)
Results are presented and compared for the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) simulations of the middle Holocene (MH, 6 ka) and Last Interglacial (LIG, 127 ka). These simulations are designated as Tier 1 experiments (midHolocene and lig127k) for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) and the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project...
Variables affecting resource subsidies from streams and rivers to land and their susceptibility to global change stressors
Jeffrey Muehlbauer, Stefano Larsen, Micael Jonsson, Erik J.S. Emilson
2020, Book chapter, Contaminants and ecological subsidies
Stream and river ecosystems provide subsidies of emergent adult aquatic insects and other resources to terrestrial food webs, and this lotic–land subsidy has garnered much attention in recent research. Here, we critically examine a list of biotic and abiotic variables—including productivity, dominant taxa, geomorphology, and weather—that should be...
Synthesis: A framework for predicting the dark side of ecological subsidies
Johanna M. Kraus, Jeff Wessner, David Walters
2020, Book chapter, Contaminants and ecological subsidies
In this chapter, we synthesize the state of the science regarding ecological subsidies and contaminants at the land-water interface and suggest research and management approaches for linked freshwater-terrestrial ecosystems. Specifically, we focus on movements of animals with complex life histories and the detrital inputs associated with animal and...
Experimental warming changes phenology and shortens growing season of the dominant invasive plant Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass)
Armin J. Howell, Daniel E. Winkler, Michala Lee Phillips, Brandon McNellis, Sasha C. Reed
2020, Frontiers in Plant Science (11)
Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) has successfully invaded and established throughout the western United States. Bromus tectorum grows early in the season and this early growth allows B. tectorum to outcompete native species, which has led to dramatic shifts in ecosystem function and plant community composition after B. tectorum invades. If the phenology of native species is unable to...
Climate sensitivity of water use by riparian woodlands at landscape scales
Marc Mayes, Kelly K. Caylor, Michael B. Singer, John C Stella, Dar Roberts, Pamela L. Nagler
2020, Hydrological Processes (34) 4884-4903
Semi‐arid riparian woodlands face threats from increasing extractive water demand and climate change in dryland landscapes worldwide. Improved landscape‐scale understanding of riparian woodland water use (evapotranspiration, ET) and its sensitivity to climate variables is needed to strategically manage water resources, as well as to create successful ecosystem conservation and restoration...
Sediment connectivity: A framework for analyzing coastal sediment transport pathways
Stuart Pearson, Bram C. van Prooijen, Edwin P.L. Elias, Sean Vitousek, Zheng Bing Wang
2020, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface (125)
Connectivity provides a framework for analyzing coastal sediment transport pathways, building on conceptual advances in graph theory from other scientific disciplines. Connectivity schematizes sediment pathways as a directed graph (i.e., a set of nodes and links). This study presents a novel application of graph theory and connectivity...
Visually communicating future climate in a web environment
Corey Davis, Heather D Aldridge, Ryan Boyles, Karen McNeal, Lindsay C. Mauldin, Rachel M. Atkins
2020, Weather, Climate, and Society (12) 877-896
While there is growing demand for use of climate model projections to understand the potential impacts of future climate on resources, there is a lack of effective visuals that convey the range of possible climates across spatial scales and with uncertainties that potential users need to inform their impact assessments...
Using Markov chains to quantitatively assess movement patterns of invasive fishes impacted by a carbon dioxide barrier in outdoor ponds
Lauren K Borland, Collin J Mulcahy, Barb Bennie, Douglas D Baumann, Roger J. Haro, Molly Van Appledorn, Kathi Jo Jankowski, Aaron R. Cupp, Richard A. Erickson
2020, Natural Resource Modeling (33)
Natural resource managers use barriers to deter the movement of aquatic invasive species. Research and development of new invasive species barriers is often evaluated in pond and field scales using high‐resolution telemetry data. Telemetry data sets can be a rich source of data about fish movement and behavior but can...
Geologic and mineral map (modified from the 1975 original map compilation by A.S. Shadchinev and others) and hyperspectral surface materials maps of the Ghorband, Salang, and Panjsher River Basins; Kapisa, Panjsher, Parwan, and Baghlan Provinces, Afghanistan
2020, Open-File Report 2020-1101
IntroductionThe geologic map and cross sections are a redrafted and modified version of the Geologic map and map of mineral resources of the basins of Ghorband, Salang, and Panjsher; located in the Kapisa, Panjsher, Parwan, and Baghlan Provinces, Afghanistan. The original map and cross sections are contained in an unpublished...
Optimizing release strategies: A stepping-stone approach to reintroduction
N.A. Lloyd, Nathan J. Hostetter, C.L. Jackson, Sarah J. Converse, A. Moehrenschlager
2020, Article
Evaluation of alternative management strategies enables informed decisions to accelerate species recovery. For reintroductions, post-release survival to reproductive age is a key parameter influencing population growth. Here we trial a ‘stepping-stone’ method to maximize the success of captive-bred animals when the availability of more suitable wild-born release candidates is limited....
Dynamics of marsh-derived sediments in lagoon-type estuaries
Carmine Donatelli, Tarandeep S. Kalra, Sergio Fagherazzi, Xoaohe Zhang, Nicoletta Leonardi
2020, Journal of Geophysical Research (125)
Salt marshes are valuable ecosystems that must trap sediments and accrete in order to counteract the deleterious effect of sea‐level rise. Previous studies have shown that the capacity of marshes to build up vertically depends on both autogenous and exogenous processes including eco‐geomorphic feedbacks and sediment supply from in‐land and...
Does channel narrowing by floodplain growth necessarily indicate sediment surplus? Lessons from sediment‐transport analyses in the Green and Colorado rivers, Canyonlands, Utah
David J. Dean, David J. Topping, Paul E. Grams, Alexander E. Walker, John C. Schmidt
2020, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface (125)
Analyses of suspended sediment transport provide valuable insight into the role that sediment supply plays in causing geomorphic change. The sediment supply within a river system evolves depending on the discharge, flood frequency and duration, changes in sediment input, and ecohydraulic conditions that modify sediment transport processes....
Soil respiration response to rainfall modulated by plant phenology in a montane meadow, East River, Colorado, USA
Mathew Winnick, Corey R. Lawrence, Maeve McCormick, Jennifer Druhan, Kate Maher
2020, Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences (125)
Soil respiration is a primary component of the terrestrial carbon cycle. However, predicting the response of soil respiration to climate change remains a challenge due to the complex interactions between environmental drivers, especially plant phenology, temperature, and soil moisture. In this study, we use a 1‐D diffusion‐reaction model to calculate...
The role of pre-magmatic rifting in shaping a volcanic continental margin: An example from the Eastern North American Margin
G. Lang, Uri S. ten Brink, Deborah Hutchinson, G.S. Mountain, U. Schattner
2020, Journal of Geophysical Research-- Solid Earth (125)
Both magmatic and tectonic processes contribute to the formation of volcanic continental margins. Such margins are thought to undergo extension across a narrow zone of lithospheric thinning (~100 km). New observations based on existing and reprocessed data from the Eastern North American Margin contradict this hypothesis. With ~64,000 km of 2‐D seismic...
Evidence for primitive magma storage and eruption following prolonged equilibration in thickened crust
Heather Winslow, Philipp Ruprecht, Mark E. Stelten, Alvaro Amigo
2020, Bulletin of Volcanology (82)
In continental arcs, the exposure of primitive eruptive products at the surface is typically a result of rapid magmatic transfer through the crust. As a result, the initially primitive magma experiences minimal crustal residence and thus insignificant differentiation towards more evolved products. This rapid transfer of primitive magma through thickened...
Determining habitat limitations of Maumee River walleye production to western Lake Erie fish stocks: Documenting a spawning ground barrier
Brian Schmidt, Taaja Tucker, Jessica Collier, Christine Mayer, Edward F. Roseman, Wendylee Stott, Jeremy J. Pritt
2020, Journal of Great Lakes Research (46) 1661-1673
Tributaries provide spawning habitat for three of four major sub-stocks of Lake Erie walleye (Sander vitreus). Despite anthropogenic degradation and the extirpation of other potamodromous species, the Maumee River, Ohio, USA continues to support one of the largest fish migrations in the Laurentian Great Lakes. To determine if spawning habitat...
Imaging the tectonic grain of the Northern Cordillera orogen using Transportable Array receiver functions
Vera Schulte-Pelkum, Jonathan Saul Caine, James V. Jones III, Thorsten W Becker
2020, Seismological Research Letters (91) 3086-3105
Azimuthal variations in receiver function conversions can image lithospheric structural contrasts and anisotropic fabrics that together compose tectonic grain. We apply this method to data from EarthScope Transportable Array in Alaska and additional stations across the northern Cordillera. The best‐resolved quantities are the strike and...
Four decades of land-cover change on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska: Detecting disturbance-influenced vegetation shifts using landsat legacy data
Carson Baughman, Rachel A. Loehman, Dawn R. Magness, Lisa Saperstein, Rosemary L. Sherriff
2020, Land (9)
Across Alaska’s Kenai Peninsula, disturbance events have removed large areas of forest over the last half century. Simultaneously, succession and landscape evolution have facilitated forest regrowth and expansion. Detecting forest loss within known pulse disturbance events is often straightforward given that reduction in tree cover is a...
Geologic map of the greater Portland metropolitan area and surrounding region, Oregon and Washington
Ray E. Wells, Ralph A. Haugerud, Alan R. Niem, Wendy A. Niem, Lina Ma, Russell C. Evarts, Jim E. O'Connor, Ian P. Madin, David R. Sherrod, Marvin H. Beeson, Terry L. Tolan, Karen L. Wheeler, William B. Hanson, Michael G. Sawlan
2020, Scientific Investigations Map 3443
The Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro Metropolitan Area (metro area) has great scenic, natural, and cultural resources and is the major economic hub of Oregon. The metro area is subject to a variety of geologic hazards. Underthrusting of the oceanic plate along the Cascadia plate boundary fault, or megathrust, deforms the leading edge of...
A latent process model approach to improve the utility of indicator species
Jillian Elizabeth Fleming, Chris Sutherland, Sean C Sterrett, Evan H. Campbell Grant
2020, Oikos (129) 1753-1762
The state of an ecosystem is governed by dynamic biotic and abiotic processes, which can only be partially observed. Costs associated with measuring each component limit the feasibility of comprehensive assessments of target ecosystems. Instead, indicator species are recommended as a surrogate index. While this is...
Bathymetry of Deadmans Lake, Golf Course Reservoir 9, Ice Lake, Kettle Lakes 1–3, and Non-Potable Reservoirs 1–4 at the U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado, 2019
Michael S. Kohn, Laura A. Hempel
2020, Scientific Investigations Map 3463
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force Academy (USAFA), carried out bathymetric and topographic surveys to characterize the volume of Deadmans Lake, Golf Course Reservoir 9, Ice Lake, Kettle Lakes 1–3, and Non-Potable Reservoirs 1–4 at the U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado. Bathymetric maps of each...
Yellowstone's Old Faithful Geyser shut down by a severe 13th century drought
Shaul Hurwitz, John King, Gregory T. Pederson, Justin T. Martin, David Damby, Michael Manga, Jefferson Hungerford, Sara Peek
2020, Geophysical Research Letters (47)
To characterize eruption activity of the iconic Old Faithful Geyser in Yellowstone National Park over past centuries, we obtained 41 new radiocarbon dates of mineralized wood preserved in the mound of silica that precipitated from erupted waters. Trees do not grow on active geyser mounds, implying that...
Habitat characterization and species distribution model of the only large-lake population of the endangered Silver Chub (Macrhybopsis storeriana, Kirtland 1844)
James E. McKenna Jr., Patrick Kocovsky
2020, Ecology and Evolution (10) 12076-12090
The endangered Silver Chub (Macrhybopsis storeriana, Kirtland 1844) is native to North America and primarily riverine, with the only known large‐lake population in Lake Erie. Once a major component of the Lake Erie fish community, it declined and became nearly extirpated in the mid‐1900s. Recent collections in...
